pharyngealadj.n.

Brit.

/fəˈrɪn(d)ʒɪəl/,

/ˌfarᵻnˈdʒiːəl/,

/ˌfarn̩ˈdʒiːəl/, U.S.

/fəˈrɪndʒ(i)əl/,

/ˌfɛrənˈdʒiəl/

Forms: 1700s pharyngaeal, 1700s– pharyngeal.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin pharyngeus , -al suffix¹.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin or scientific Latin pharyngeus (1690 or earlier; < ancient Greek ϕάρυγγ- , ϕάρυγξ pharynx n. + classical Latin -eus : see -eous suffix) + -al suffix¹. Compare laryngeal adj.

A. adj.

1. Anatomy and Zoology. Of, relating to, or involving the pharynx.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > [adjective] > pharynx

pharyngeal1754

pharyngal1756

pharyngic1822

rhinopharyngeal1837

nasopharyngeal1848

pharyngonasal1861

the world > life > the body > speech organs > types of speech organ > [adjective] > pharynx

pharyngeal1754

pharyngal1756

pharyngic1822

pharyngopalatine1843

retropharyngeal1843

pharyngolaryngeal1848

postpharyngeal1860

thyropharyngean1860

the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > throat or gullet > [adjective] > pharynx

pharyngeal1754

pharyngal1756

pharyngic1822

pharyngopalatine1843

retropharyngeal1843

hypopharyngeal1856

postpharyngeal1860

oropharyngeal1885

1754 S. Mihles tr. A. von Haller Physiol. I. 77 The pharyngæal branch of the eighth pair [of nerves].

1791 W. Vaughan Expos. Princ. Anat. & Physiol. II. 51 The Pharyngeal and Œsophageal Glands placed in the internal membrane of the pharynx and œsophagus.

1800 W. Nisbet Clin. Guide: Pt. IV 347 Pharyngeal Sore Throat (Cynanche Pharyngea).

1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. I. 445 Maxillary front teeth conical, the pharyngeal blunt.

1884 F. J. Nott in Harper's Mag. Aug. 443/2 Nasal, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and bronchial catarrh.

1939 T. L. Green Pract. Animal Biol. i. 95 Pharynx with numerous pharyngeal gill slits.

1955 R. Macintosh & M. Ostlere Local Analgesia Head & Neck iii. 29 The glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves are intimately interwoven in the pharyngeal plexus.

1968 Jrnl. Pediatrics 73 514/2 Pharyngeal swabs were streaked directly on 7 per cent defibrinated sheep's blood agar plates.

2002 Nature 4 Apr. 493/2 Neural crest cells generated from the forebrain, midbrain and the first two rhombomeres migrate to cover the brain, as well as into the forehead region and first pharyngeal arch.

2. Phonetics. Designating or relating to a consonantal sound articulated with obstruction of the airstream at the pharynx, or a vowel sound produced by resonance in the pharynx; = pharyngal adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [adjective] > pharyngeal

pharyngal1887

pharyngalized1931

pharyngeal1933

1925 Language 1 114 In New Mexican Spanish f is ordinarily..a labiodental or weak, labiodental, breathed f, or a bilabio-pharyngeal f.]

1933 Hispania 16 39 X..is a voiced pharyngeal spirant.

1968 N. Chomsky & M. Halle Sound Pattern Eng. 305 Ubykh, a Caucasian language, distinguishes pharyngeal, uvular, velar, and perhaps also palatal obstruents.

1978 Stud. Eng. Lit.: Eng. Number (Tokyo) 159 Part III consists of two chapters, the first of which is concerned with the phonological characterisation of pharyngeal consonants.

1992 Eng. Today Apr. 34/2 In Arabic the name [sc. Omar] begins with a voiced pharyngeal fricative.

B. n.

1. Anatomy and Zoology. A pharyngeal blood vessel, nerve, or (in a fish) bone.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > bones (various types of)

grate1481

pharyngeal1791

suboperculum1818

supratemporal1834

shackle-joint1837

mastoid1840

wrist1840

mastoid bone1841

subopercular1841

mesotympanic1846

suprascapula1846

hypobranchials1848

hypotympanic1848

urohyal1848

radius1854

epicentral1866

pterotic1866

mesocoracoid1868

supraclavicle1868

precoracoid1869

symplectic1870

hypural1871

mesopterygoid1871

post-temporal1871

postclavicle1872

brachial1873

urostyle1875

hypercoracoid1876

admaxillary1885

intercalarium1887

palatopterygoquadrate1888

subtectal1888

Weberian apparatus1889

Weberian ossicles1889

radial1890

supracleithrum1903

1791 W. Vaughan Expos. Princ. Anat. & Physiol. I. 372 The Ascending Pharyngeal. This arises from the trunk of the external carotid posteriorly, at its bifurcation.

1797 J. Bell Anat. Human Body II. 271 The second set of arteries, which go backwards from the external carotid, comprehend the pharyngeal, the occipital, the auricular.

1834 H. McMurtrie tr. G. Cuvier Animal Kingdom (abridged ed.) 210 The inferior pharyngeals strongly dentated.

1846 Lancet 8 Aug. 147/1 The pharyngeals and œsophageals are the associated excitor and motor nerves of the pharynx, of the œsophagus, and of the cardia.

1880 A. Günther Introd. Study of Fishes 23 Fishes with the lower pharyngeals coalesced into one bone.

1929 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 217 337 The longitudinal trunks continue caudally, receiving branches from the third and fourth gills, from the inferior pharyngeals and from the floor of the pharynx.

1960 Ecol. Monogr. 30 100/1 Its molariform pharyngeals are responsible for crushing the shells of gastropods.

2004 Arch. Oral Biol. 49 825 The lower pharyngeals of a sample of wild-caught individuals of the polymorphic Cuatro Cienegas cichlid, Cichlasoma minckleyi..were measured to investigate morphological changes associated with molarization.

2. Phonetics. A pharyngeal speech sound; = pharyngal n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [noun] > pharyngeal

pharyngal1887

pharyngeal1963

1963 Language 39 32 (note) Emphatic pharyngeals have also been reported for other dialects.

1976 Archivum Linguisticum 7 91 Nor is it [sc. preaspiration] necessarily a pharyngeal..but may be realized as a spirant formed at some other point of articulation.

1992 Eng. Today Apr. 34/2 Persian does not have any pharyngeals.

Compounds

pharyngeal tonsil n. [after scientific Latin tonsilla pharyngea (1862 or earlier)] a mass of lymphoid tissue found on the posterior wall and roof of the nasopharynx, the enlargement of which gives rise to the condition known as adenoids.

ΚΠ

1869 Lancet 4 Dec. 772/1 In all cases of cleft palate in young children, the so-called pharyngeal tonsil is very prominent.

1957 Encycl. Brit. I. 159/2 Adenoids. A condition, commonly found in children, produced by excessive growth of the pharyngeal tonsil or adenoid.

1992 Jrnl. Compar. Pathol. 106 228 The pharyngeal tonsil is well developed at birth.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	pharyngeal
释义	pharyngealadj.n. Brit. /fəˈrɪn(d)ʒɪəl/, /ˌfarᵻnˈdʒiːəl/, /ˌfarn̩ˈdʒiːəl/, U.S. /fəˈrɪndʒ(i)əl/, /ˌfɛrənˈdʒiəl/ Forms: 1700s pharyngaeal, 1700s– pharyngeal. Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin pharyngeus , -al suffix¹. Etymology: < post-classical Latin or scientific Latin pharyngeus (1690 or earlier; < ancient Greek ϕάρυγγ- , ϕάρυγξ pharynx n. + classical Latin -eus : see -eous suffix) + -al suffix¹. Compare laryngeal adj. A. adj. 1. Anatomy and Zoology. Of, relating to, or involving the pharynx. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > [adjective] > pharynx pharyngeal1754 pharyngal1756 pharyngic1822 rhinopharyngeal1837 nasopharyngeal1848 pharyngonasal1861 the world > life > the body > speech organs > types of speech organ > [adjective] > pharynx pharyngeal1754 pharyngal1756 pharyngic1822 pharyngopalatine1843 retropharyngeal1843 pharyngolaryngeal1848 postpharyngeal1860 thyropharyngean1860 the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > throat or gullet > [adjective] > pharynx pharyngeal1754 pharyngal1756 pharyngic1822 pharyngopalatine1843 retropharyngeal1843 hypopharyngeal1856 postpharyngeal1860 oropharyngeal1885 1754 S. Mihles tr. A. von Haller Physiol. I. 77 The pharyngæal branch of the eighth pair [of nerves]. 1791 W. Vaughan Expos. Princ. Anat. & Physiol. II. 51 The Pharyngeal and Œsophageal Glands placed in the internal membrane of the pharynx and œsophagus. 1800 W. Nisbet Clin. Guide: Pt. IV 347 Pharyngeal Sore Throat (Cynanche Pharyngea). 1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. I. 445 Maxillary front teeth conical, the pharyngeal blunt. 1884 F. J. Nott in Harper's Mag. Aug. 443/2 Nasal, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and bronchial catarrh. 1939 T. L. Green Pract. Animal Biol. i. 95 Pharynx with numerous pharyngeal gill slits. 1955 R. Macintosh & M. Ostlere Local Analgesia Head & Neck iii. 29 The glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves are intimately interwoven in the pharyngeal plexus. 1968 Jrnl. Pediatrics 73 514/2 Pharyngeal swabs were streaked directly on 7 per cent defibrinated sheep's blood agar plates. 2002 Nature 4 Apr. 493/2 Neural crest cells generated from the forebrain, midbrain and the first two rhombomeres migrate to cover the brain, as well as into the forehead region and first pharyngeal arch. 2. Phonetics. Designating or relating to a consonantal sound articulated with obstruction of the airstream at the pharynx, or a vowel sound produced by resonance in the pharynx; = pharyngal adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [adjective] > pharyngeal pharyngal1887 pharyngalized1931 pharyngeal1933 1925 Language 1 114 In New Mexican Spanish f is ordinarily..a labiodental or weak, labiodental, breathed f, or a bilabio-pharyngeal f.] 1933 Hispania 16 39 X..is a voiced pharyngeal spirant. 1968 N. Chomsky & M. Halle Sound Pattern Eng. 305 Ubykh, a Caucasian language, distinguishes pharyngeal, uvular, velar, and perhaps also palatal obstruents. 1978 Stud. Eng. Lit.: Eng. Number (Tokyo) 159 Part III consists of two chapters, the first of which is concerned with the phonological characterisation of pharyngeal consonants. 1992 Eng. Today Apr. 34/2 In Arabic the name [sc. Omar] begins with a voiced pharyngeal fricative. B. n. 1. Anatomy and Zoology. A pharyngeal blood vessel, nerve, or (in a fish) bone. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > bones (various types of) grate1481 pharyngeal1791 suboperculum1818 supratemporal1834 shackle-joint1837 mastoid1840 wrist1840 mastoid bone1841 subopercular1841 mesotympanic1846 suprascapula1846 hypobranchials1848 hypotympanic1848 urohyal1848 radius1854 epicentral1866 pterotic1866 mesocoracoid1868 supraclavicle1868 precoracoid1869 symplectic1870 hypural1871 mesopterygoid1871 post-temporal1871 postclavicle1872 brachial1873 urostyle1875 hypercoracoid1876 admaxillary1885 intercalarium1887 palatopterygoquadrate1888 subtectal1888 Weberian apparatus1889 Weberian ossicles1889 radial1890 supracleithrum1903 1791 W. Vaughan Expos. Princ. Anat. & Physiol. I. 372 The Ascending Pharyngeal. This arises from the trunk of the external carotid posteriorly, at its bifurcation. 1797 J. Bell Anat. Human Body II. 271 The second set of arteries, which go backwards from the external carotid, comprehend the pharyngeal, the occipital, the auricular. 1834 H. McMurtrie tr. G. Cuvier Animal Kingdom (abridged ed.) 210 The inferior pharyngeals strongly dentated. 1846 Lancet 8 Aug. 147/1 The pharyngeals and œsophageals are the associated excitor and motor nerves of the pharynx, of the œsophagus, and of the cardia. 1880 A. Günther Introd. Study of Fishes 23 Fishes with the lower pharyngeals coalesced into one bone. 1929 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 217 337 The longitudinal trunks continue caudally, receiving branches from the third and fourth gills, from the inferior pharyngeals and from the floor of the pharynx. 1960 Ecol. Monogr. 30 100/1 Its molariform pharyngeals are responsible for crushing the shells of gastropods. 2004 Arch. Oral Biol. 49 825 The lower pharyngeals of a sample of wild-caught individuals of the polymorphic Cuatro Cienegas cichlid, Cichlasoma minckleyi..were measured to investigate morphological changes associated with molarization. 2. Phonetics. A pharyngeal speech sound; = pharyngal n. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [noun] > pharyngeal pharyngal1887 pharyngeal1963 1963 Language 39 32 (note) Emphatic pharyngeals have also been reported for other dialects. 1976 Archivum Linguisticum 7 91 Nor is it [sc. preaspiration] necessarily a pharyngeal..but may be realized as a spirant formed at some other point of articulation. 1992 Eng. Today Apr. 34/2 Persian does not have any pharyngeals. Compounds pharyngeal tonsil n. [after scientific Latin tonsilla pharyngea (1862 or earlier)] a mass of lymphoid tissue found on the posterior wall and roof of the nasopharynx, the enlargement of which gives rise to the condition known as adenoids. ΚΠ 1869 Lancet 4 Dec. 772/1 In all cases of cleft palate in young children, the so-called pharyngeal tonsil is very prominent. 1957 Encycl. Brit. I. 159/2 Adenoids. A condition, commonly found in children, produced by excessive growth of the pharyngeal tonsil or adenoid. 1992 Jrnl. Compar. Pathol. 106 228 The pharyngeal tonsil is well developed at birth. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.1754
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