personalismn.

Brit.

/ˈpəːsn̩əlɪz(ə)m/,

/ˈpəːsn̩l̩ɪz(ə)m/,

/ˈpəːsənl̩ɪz(ə)m/,

/ˈpəːs(ə)nəlɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈpərs(ə)nəˌlɪz(ə)m/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: personal adj., -ism suffix.

Etymology: < personal adj. + -ism suffix. Compare French personnalisme (1737 denoting the vice of referring everything to oneself; 1903 in philosophical use in C. Renouvier Le Personnalisme; for discussion of possible use earlier than Renouvier see Trésor de la langue française s.v.), German Personalismus (F. Schleiermacher Über die Religion (1799) v. 256). Compare personalist n., personalist adj.

1. The quality or character of being personal; a theory or system based on subjective ideas or applications.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > [noun] > quality of being particular or not general > quality of being personal

personality1747

personalism1846

personalness1853

1846 J. E. Worcester Universal Dict. Eng. Lang. Personalism, quality of being personal.

1865 J. Grote Exploratio Philosophica Pt. I i. 146 The idealism, personalism, or whatever it may be called, which lies at the root of all that I have said.

1890 Atlantic Monthly June 770/2 Hampered by this impotent system of personalism..the party in possession of the executive power soon begins to drift helplessly upon a sea of troubles.

1901 A. Caldecott Philos. & Relig. xii. 81 Against the claim that Reason is the sole faculty of supersensible apprehension, Personalism opposes its assertion that here also Feeling and Will come into action.

1989 C. R. Wilson & W. Ferris Encycl. Southern Culture 322/2 The South has always been an elemental land..a land where personalism and a curious mixture of romance and realism have prevailed.

2. Allegiance to a person, esp. a political leader, rather than to a party or ideology.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > [noun] > non-party positions

straddlec1842

personalism1875

freelancing1879

mugwumpery1885

mugwumpism1886

rotativist1907

personalismo1936

1875 D. W. Wilder Ann. Kansas 574 It opposes ‘absolutism’, ‘imperialism’ and ‘personalism’, and favors civil service reform and revenue reform.

1937 Times 4 Sept. 11/6 Personalism is a characteristic of Argentine politics. A party is the personal following of a man.

1970 N. A. Victoria in I. L. Horowitz Masses in Lat. Amer. xv. 557 One of the conditions which may favor the emergence of such leadership is an element of ‘personalism’, or the extraordinary extension of the personal and emotional sphere.

1991 Dædalus Summer 80 This personalism alone can explain the shifting alliances that so confuse observers.

3. Philosophy.

a. A system of thought according to which reality has meaning only through the conscious minds of persons, or (in a theistic, esp. Christian, context) of God as the supreme person, or that reality consists of interacting persons. Also: a view of social organization which emphasizes the primacy of human beings and their actions, rather than material resources. Cf. personalist n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > moral philosophy > social ethics > [noun] > other theories and their adherents

atomism1836

Wellsian1905

personalism1908

totalist1956

society > faith > aspects of faith > doctrine > doctrine concerning God or a god > [noun] > personalism

personalism1908

1908 B. P. Bowne Personalism iii. 111 We have now to consider the phenomenality of the physical world. This is the next step in the establishment of personalism.

1917 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics IX. 771/2 Aristotle laid the foundation for personalism by affirming self-consciousness as the highest being.

1957 M. P. Fogarty Christian Democracy iii. 29 Personalism, as distinct from individualism, is held by Christian Democrats to imply a certain ‘solidarist’ conception of the individual's responsibility to and for the society around him.

1966 F. C. Copleston Hist. Philos. VIII. iii. xiii. 296 The basic tenet of personalism has been stated as the principle that reality has no meaning except in relation to persons; that the real is only in, of or for persons.

1998 K. E. Yandell in E. Craig Routledge Encycl. Philos. vii. 317/2 Personalism as a school has not achieved the fame or influence of pragmatism.

b. The theory that probabilities are expressions of a personal perspective on the occurrence of events, and so do not have objective meaning.

ΚΠ

1967 Philos. Sci. 34 318 Tying personal probability to a personal language of sentences..makes one defect of personalism more transparent.

1994 S. Blackburn Oxf. Dict. Philos. 304/2 For personalism, probability or chance is not an objective or real factor in the world, but rather a reflection of our own states of mind.

1996 K. T. Kelly Logic of Reliable Inq. ii. 20 Personalism involves a double reduction: probability to degree of belief and degree of belief to behavioral dispositions regarding the acceptance or rejection of bets.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	personalism
释义	personalismn. Brit. /ˈpəːsn̩əlɪz(ə)m/, /ˈpəːsn̩l̩ɪz(ə)m/, /ˈpəːsənl̩ɪz(ə)m/, /ˈpəːs(ə)nəlɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈpərs(ə)nəˌlɪz(ə)m/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: personal adj., -ism suffix. Etymology: < personal adj. + -ism suffix. Compare French personnalisme (1737 denoting the vice of referring everything to oneself; 1903 in philosophical use in C. Renouvier Le Personnalisme; for discussion of possible use earlier than Renouvier see Trésor de la langue française s.v.), German Personalismus (F. Schleiermacher Über die Religion (1799) v. 256). Compare personalist n., personalist adj. 1. The quality or character of being personal; a theory or system based on subjective ideas or applications. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > [noun] > quality of being particular or not general > quality of being personal personality1747 personalism1846 personalness1853 1846 J. E. Worcester Universal Dict. Eng. Lang. Personalism, quality of being personal. 1865 J. Grote Exploratio Philosophica Pt. I i. 146 The idealism, personalism, or whatever it may be called, which lies at the root of all that I have said. 1890 Atlantic Monthly June 770/2 Hampered by this impotent system of personalism..the party in possession of the executive power soon begins to drift helplessly upon a sea of troubles. 1901 A. Caldecott Philos. & Relig. xii. 81 Against the claim that Reason is the sole faculty of supersensible apprehension, Personalism opposes its assertion that here also Feeling and Will come into action. 1989 C. R. Wilson & W. Ferris Encycl. Southern Culture 322/2 The South has always been an elemental land..a land where personalism and a curious mixture of romance and realism have prevailed. 2. Allegiance to a person, esp. a political leader, rather than to a party or ideology. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > [noun] > non-party positions straddlec1842 personalism1875 freelancing1879 mugwumpery1885 mugwumpism1886 rotativist1907 personalismo1936 1875 D. W. Wilder Ann. Kansas 574 It opposes ‘absolutism’, ‘imperialism’ and ‘personalism’, and favors civil service reform and revenue reform. 1937 Times 4 Sept. 11/6 Personalism is a characteristic of Argentine politics. A party is the personal following of a man. 1970 N. A. Victoria in I. L. Horowitz Masses in Lat. Amer. xv. 557 One of the conditions which may favor the emergence of such leadership is an element of ‘personalism’, or the extraordinary extension of the personal and emotional sphere. 1991 Dædalus Summer 80 This personalism alone can explain the shifting alliances that so confuse observers. 3. Philosophy. a. A system of thought according to which reality has meaning only through the conscious minds of persons, or (in a theistic, esp. Christian, context) of God as the supreme person, or that reality consists of interacting persons. Also: a view of social organization which emphasizes the primacy of human beings and their actions, rather than material resources. Cf. personalist n. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > moral philosophy > social ethics > [noun] > other theories and their adherents atomism1836 Wellsian1905 personalism1908 totalist1956 society > faith > aspects of faith > doctrine > doctrine concerning God or a god > [noun] > personalism personalism1908 1908 B. P. Bowne Personalism iii. 111 We have now to consider the phenomenality of the physical world. This is the next step in the establishment of personalism. 1917 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics IX. 771/2 Aristotle laid the foundation for personalism by affirming self-consciousness as the highest being. 1957 M. P. Fogarty Christian Democracy iii. 29 Personalism, as distinct from individualism, is held by Christian Democrats to imply a certain ‘solidarist’ conception of the individual's responsibility to and for the society around him. 1966 F. C. Copleston Hist. Philos. VIII. iii. xiii. 296 The basic tenet of personalism has been stated as the principle that reality has no meaning except in relation to persons; that the real is only in, of or for persons. 1998 K. E. Yandell in E. Craig Routledge Encycl. Philos. vii. 317/2 Personalism as a school has not achieved the fame or influence of pragmatism. b. The theory that probabilities are expressions of a personal perspective on the occurrence of events, and so do not have objective meaning. ΚΠ 1967 Philos. Sci. 34 318 Tying personal probability to a personal language of sentences..makes one defect of personalism more transparent. 1994 S. Blackburn Oxf. Dict. Philos. 304/2 For personalism, probability or chance is not an objective or real factor in the world, but rather a reflection of our own states of mind. 1996 K. T. Kelly Logic of Reliable Inq. ii. 20 Personalism involves a double reduction: probability to degree of belief and degree of belief to behavioral dispositions regarding the acceptance or rejection of bets. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1846
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