personalityn.adj.

Brit.

/ˌpəːsəˈnalᵻti/, U.S.

/ˌpərsnˈælədi/

Forms: late Middle English personalite, 1600s– personality.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French personalité; Latin personalitas.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman personalité, personalté, etc., person, number (13th cent., of the three persons of God), personality, personal estate (early 14th cent.; compare also personalty n.) and Middle French personalité each of the three persons of God, that which constitutes a person in general (both 1495 in the same source), French personnalité (in plural) personal details (1697), personal trait used against someone (c1720; compare sense A. 6b), a person's individual character (1762), important or famous person (1867), capacity for being the subject of legal rights and duties (1872), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin personalitas personal nature or quality (5th cent. in theology with reference to the three persons of the Trinity), personal character, personal qualities (from 12th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin persōnālis personal adj. + -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare Spanish personalidad (1437 or earlier), Italian personalità (a1406).With sense A. 8b compare French personnalité des lois (1877 in Littré). With sense A. 3b compare German Persönlichkeit (a1832 in this sense). Use in sense A. 3b is sometimes criticized, especially in normative usage guides.

A. n.

I. Personal nature or quality; an instance of this.

†a. The quality, character, or fact of being a person, as distinct from an animal, thing, or abstraction; the quality which makes a being human. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > [noun] > quality of being

personalitya1425

personagea1530

manlikeness1742

personhood1944

a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 296 (MED) Al þe personalite of man stondiþ in þe spirit of him.

1655 H. More Antidote against Atheism (ed. 2) App. xii. 383 For a time he loses the sense of his own personality, and becomes a mere passive instrument of the Deity.

1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. v. 12 We must be wary, lest we ascribe any..Personality to this Nature or Chance.

1769 in E. Law Def. Locke's Opin. Personal Identity App. 41 Personality therefore may be ranked among the old scholastick terms of corporeity, egoity, tableity, &c.

1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xxiii. 439 These capacities constitute personality, for they imply consciousness, and thought.

1836 R. W. Emerson Nature in Wks. (1850) II. 164 Religion includes the personality of God; Ethics does not.

1880 Academy 23 Oct. 292 The primitive conception of beauty must have been purely anthropinistic—must have gathered mainly round the personality of man or woman.

b. Theology. The quality, condition, or fact ascribed to God of consisting of three distinct persons. Also: each of the natures or identities of these persons considered separately. See person n. 6a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > [noun] > state of being

thrinnessa900

thrimnessa1175

threeheada1225

trinitya1300

thrillehodc1320

personality1492

trinea1568

trinunion1603

triune1605

trinunionhood1612

trinunity1650

triunity1653

three-one1656

tripersonality1673

threeness1829

threelihood1845

trinityhood1886

1492 J. Ryman Poems xlii, in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1892) 89 209 Ay thre in personalite, In deite but oon.

1624 T. Gataker Discuss. Transubstant. 173 If a perfect substance or nature (as was the humanity of Christ) could want the naturall personality and subsistence thereof, supplyed by the divine person and hypostasis of the Sonne of God.

1674 J. Owen Disc. Holy Spirit (1693) 9 A Name..not distinctive with respect unto His Personality, but denominative with respect unto His Work.

1752 J. Gill Doctr. Trinity (ed. 2) iv. 81 Personality is the bare mode of subsisting.

1784 E. Allen Reason x. §2. 348 (heading) Essence being the cause of identity, is inconsistent with personality in the divine nature.

1833 J. H. Newman Arians 4th Cent. ii. 169 The apparent Personality ascribed to Them [sc. the Word, and the Spirit] in the Old Testament, is changed for a real Personality.

1870 J. H. Newman Ess. Gram. Assent i. v. 120 The Almighty God, instead of being One Person only, which is the teaching of Natural Religion, has three Personalities.

1916 S. Cadman Three Relig. Leaders Oxf. x. 485 He had to deal with such unfathomable truths as the Triple Personality and the Divine Unity.

1995 America (Nexis) 173 26 Among other things, he [sc. Emerson] denied the personality of God and questioned the miracles of Jesus.

†c. Existence or identity as a person. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > [noun] > personal or individual existence

identity1683

personality1835

1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. viii. 337 This inference..would lead to other conclusions affecting the personality of Lycurgus.

1849 J. Ruskin Seven Lamps Archit. vi. 164 The age of Homer is surrounded with darkness, his very personality with doubt.

1870 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) II. App. 673 There are others..whose personality can be identified in Domesday.

†2. The fact of being done by a particular person, or being done in person. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > presence > [noun] > presence in person

personal appearance1585

personality1648

1648 T. Fairfax Second Remonstrance 36 The King comes in with the reputation..of having long sought it [sc. Peace] by a Personal Treaty:..the truth is, neither the Treaty, nor the Personality of it have advanced the businesse one jot.

a. A person, esp. one considered as the possessor of individual characteristics or qualities. Also: a being resembling or having the nature of a person, esp. by having self-awareness or consciousness.In first quot. 1678¹ applied to the Persons of the Trinity: see person n. 6a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > [noun]

hadc900

lifesmaneOE

maneOE

world-maneOE

ghostOE

wyeOE

lifeOE

son of manOE

wightc1175

soulc1180

earthmanc1225

foodc1225

person?c1225

creaturec1300

bodyc1325

beera1382

poppetc1390

flippera1400

wat1399

corsec1400

mortal?a1425

deadly?c1450

hec1450

personagec1485

wretcha1500

human1509

mundane1509

member1525

worma1556

homo1561

piece of flesh1567

sconce1567

squirrel?1567

fellow creature1572

Adamite1581

bloat herringa1586

earthling1593

mother's child1594

stuff1598

a piece of flesh1600

wagtail1607

bosom1608

fragment1609

boots1623

tick1631

worthy1649

earthlies1651

snap1653

pippin1665

being1666

personal1678

personality1678

sooterkin1680

party1686

worldling1687

human being1694

water-wagtail1694

noddle1705

human subject1712

piece of work1713

somebody1724

terrestrial1726

anybody1733

individual1742

character1773

cuss1775

jig1781

thingy1787

bod1788

curse1790

his nabs1790

article1796

Earthite1814

critter1815

potato1815

personeityc1816

nibs1821

somebody1826

tellurian1828

case1832

tangata1840

prawn1845

nigger1848

nut1856

Snooks1860

mug1865

outfit1867

to deliver the goods1870

hairpin1879

baby1880

possum1894

hot tamale1895

babe1900

jobbie1902

virile1903

cup of tea1908

skin1914

pisser1918

number1919

job1927

apple1928

mush1936

face1944

jong1956

naked ape1965

oke1970

punter1975

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > [noun] > person of

persona1325

governorc1400

hypostasisa1529

hypostasy1551

subsistence1551

subsistency1577

inbeing1587

subsistent1650

personality1678

prosopon1842

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 597 The Platonists thus distinguishing, betwixt οὐσία and ὐπόστασις, the Essence of the Godhead, and the Distinct Hypostases or Personalities thereof.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. v. 750 Humane Souls, Minds, and Personalities, being unquestionably Substantial Things and Really Distinct from Matter.

1851 N. Hawthorne House of Seven Gables xi. 178 By its remoteness, it melts all the petty personalities, of which it is made up, into one broad mass of existence.

1895 W. H. Hudson Introd. Philos. H. Spencer 209 We cannot think of an infinite personality. Personality implies limitation, or it means nothing at all.

1910 E. M. Forster Howards End 582 Men and women are personalities capable of sustained relations.

1995 Sun-Sentinel (Fort-Lauderdale, Florida) (Nexis) 25 Aug. (Southeast section) 1 There are a million personalities—the managers, fighters, fans—and you have to keep everybody happy.

b. spec. A person who is well known by virtue of having a strong or unusual character. Also: an important or famous person; a celebrity.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > state of being noteworthy or remarkable > [noun] > thing or person

notables1484

remarkable1639

rouser1824

personality1848

notabilia1849

lulu1886

1848 T. De Quincey Wks. A. Pope in N. Brit. Rev. Aug. 299 The withdrawal..from a dramatic poet..of any false lustre which he has owed to his momentary connexion with what we may call the personalities of a fleeting generation.

1889 G. B. Shaw in Church Reformer Mar. 68/1 Individuality is concentrated, fixed, gripped in one exceptionally gifted man, who is consequently what we call a personality, a man pre-eminently himself, impossible to disguise.

1919 V. Woolf Night & Day iv. 46 I've only seen her once or twice, but she seems to me to be what one calls a ‘personality’.

1933 Radio Times 14 Apr. 82/3 I apply what may seem a whimsical test to broadcasting personalities. I ask myself if I would care to meet and talk with them in the flesh.

1962 Listener 22 Mar. 503/1 He is a local councillor in a small town, and one of its prominent personalities.

1993 J. Kay Found. Corporate Success iv. ix. 139 Readers who are interested in gossip about..television personalities are probably not interested in analyses of the political situation in Latin America.

†a. A personal quality or characteristic; an individual trait. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun] > distinguishing feature

thewc888

qualitya1400

vein1536

trick1608

idiosyncrasy1661

personality1710

turn1729

trait1752

character trait1792

1710 J. Clendon Tractatus Philosophico-theologicus de Persona iii. 140 Wisdom, Learning, and Religion, are Voluntary Personalities or Qualifications of our own Acquisition.

1747 S. Richardson Clarissa II. xx. 124 In return, [I] fall to praising those qualities and personalities in Lovelace, which the other never will have.

1822 J. Galt Provost xvii. 127 He was, however, in his personalities, chiefly remarkable for two queer and twinkling little eyes.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits viii. 137 No man can claim..to put upon the company with the loud statement of his crotchets or personalities.

1869 W. Davies Songs of Wayfarer 95 Honest and contented men Free from all selfish personalities.

b. The quality or collection of qualities which makes a person a distinctive individual; the distinctive personal or individual character of a person, esp. of a marked or unusual kind. Also in extended use. to have personality: to have particular qualities or traits of character, esp. to an unusual or noteworthy degree.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun]

heartOE

erda1000

moodOE

i-mindOE

i-cundeOE

costc1175

lundc1175

evena1200

kinda1225

custc1275

couragec1300

the manner ofc1300

qualityc1300

talentc1330

attemperancec1374

complexionc1386

dispositiona1387

propertyc1390

naturea1393

assay1393

inclinationa1398

gentlenessa1400

proprietya1400

habitudec1400

makingc1400

conditionc1405

habitc1405

conceitc1425

affecta1460

ingeny1477

engine1488

stomach?1510

mind?a1513

ingine1533

affection1534

vein1536

humour?1563

natural1564

facultyc1565

concept1566

frame1567

temperature1583

geniusa1586

bent1587

constitution1589

composition1597

character1600

tune1600

qualification1602

infusion1604

spirits1604

dispose1609

selfness1611

disposure1613

composurea1616

racea1616

tempera1616

crasisc1616

directiona1639

grain1641

turn1647

complexure1648

genie1653

make1674

personality1710

tonea1751

bearing1795

liver1800

make-up1821

temperament1821

naturalness1850

selfhood1854

Wesen1854

naturel1856

sit1857

fibre1864

character structure1873

mentality1895

mindset1909

psyche1910

where it's (he's, she's) at1967

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [noun] > individuality or selfhood

personage1531

selfhood1568

identity1596

selfness1611

personship1645

egoity1651

I-hood1653

ipseity1659

inbeing1661

minehood1662

my-ness1662

selfship1664

personal identity1694

seity1709

personality1710

proprium1781

me1828

I-shipa1834

I-ety1835

selfdom1848

ownhood1856

I-ness1870

ego-hood1873

1710 J. Clendon Tractatus Philosophico-theologicus de Persona i. 18 The same Man seems to be Two Persons for that he hath Two Personalities in him, the one real, and which is his own as he is the Persona Personans; the other assumed and fictitious, and is his own in Appearance only, which he represents the Personality of another, viz. of the Persona Personata.

a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. ii. 353 Personality is what makes a man to be himself, can never be divested..nor is interchangeable with that of any other creature.

1795 A. Hughes Jemima II. 167 Marmontel observes that even a French girl of sixteen, if she has but a little personality, is a Machiavel.

1850 R. W. Emerson Napoleon in Representative Men vi. 222 Mirabeau, with his overpowering personality, felt that these things, which his presence inspired, were as much his own, as if he had said them.

1879 H. Maudsley Pathol. of Mind (ed. 3) i. 12 It is this physiological unity of organic functions, which is something deeper than consciousness and constitutes our fundamental personality.

1882 Contemp. Rev. 42 807 The almost indescribable charm which his sermons derived from his personality.

1902 W. D. Howells Lit. & Life 249 How many houses now have character—personality?

1940 R. S. Lambert Ariel & all his Quality iv. 116 That paper shall have a ‘personality’ to distinguish it from others of its kind.

1949 C. Kluckhohn & H. A. Murray Personality in Nature, Society & Culture i. 6 In trying to remedy these failures, there emerged the first comprehensive dynamic theory of personality—psychoanalysis.

a1960 E. M. Forster Maurice (1971) xxxiv. 155 So he was in a way, but evidently he had personality.

1994 Independent on Sunday 4 Dec. (Review Suppl.) 12/3 I'm quite little, and I have ever such a soft personality, and so people treat me like a girly.

c. Psychology and Sociology. Personal individuality as a subject of psychological and sociological study.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > [noun]

psychodynamics1874

characterology1895

ego-psychology1923

personology1926

personality1930

personalistics1935

1930 Psychol. Bull. 27 677 The methods and problems of contemporary research in personality.

1947 G. Murphy Personality p. x The approach to personality is made chiefly in terms of origins and modes of development on the one hand, interrelations or structural problems on the other.

1973 (title) Journal of research in personality.

d. Computing. A setting or configuration that enables a printer or other piece of hardware to be compatible with a chosen brand of software. Usually attributive: designating a card, cartridge, module, etc., that enables such a configuration.

ΚΠ

1977 Science 9 Dec. (advt.) 1077/1 Sol-20/8 Terminal Computer with 8KRA 8192-byte Memory module and SOLOS Personality module.

1988 InfoWorld (Nexis) 10 Oct. 6 Each port can define a different printer personality. For example, one port can pass Postscript output directly to the printer, while another can be dedicated to programs that do not communicate in Postscript.

2003 Business & Commerc. Aviation (Nexis) Sept. 90 The displays, LRUs and servo actuators are pretty much interchangeable between all aircraft we saw. A ‘personality module’ on each aircraft ‘tells’ the components how to function for the specific model in which they're installed.

†5. The body or physical appearance of a person. Also in plural: bodily parts. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > [noun]

lichamc888

bodyeOE

earthOE

lichOE

bone houseOE

dustc1000

fleshOE

utter mana1050

bonesOE

bodiȝlichc1175

bouka1225

bellyc1275

slimec1315

corpsec1325

vesselc1360

tabernaclec1374

carrion1377

corsec1386

personc1390

claya1400

carcass1406

lump of claya1425

sensuality?a1425

corpusc1440

God's imagea1450

bulka1475

natural body1526

outward man1526

quarrons1567

blood bulk1570

skinfula1592

flesh-rind1593

clod1595

anatomy1597

veil1598

microcosm1601

machine1604

outwall1608

lay part1609

machina1612

cabinet1614

automaton1644

case1655

mud wall1662

structure1671

soul case1683

incarnation1745

personality1748

personage1785

man1830

embodiment1850

flesh-stuff1855

corporeity1865

chassis1930

soma1958

1748 S. Richardson Clarissa VI. i. 5 To descend to a very low instance, and that only as to personality; hast thou any doubt, that thy strong-muscled bony face was as much admired by thy mother, as if it had been the face of a Lovelace?

1842 T. P. Thompson Let. 1 Jan. in Exercises VI. 413 It might bait a rat-trap; though a well-fed rat would hardly risk his personalities for such a pittance.

1873 A. Bierce Fiend's Delight 86 His appeal for alms falls not more vexingly upon the ear than his offensive personality smites hard upon the eye.

1884 G. B. Malleson Battle-fields Germany vi. 161 Notwithstanding that he was the possessor, at the age of thirty-three, of little more than half of his original personality, he was as active..as the strongest and soundest-limbed man in his army.

a. The fact or action of referring to a particular person or persons, esp. in a disparaging or offensive way; the fact or quality of being personal (see personal adj. 4b). Now rare (only U.S. Law).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > [noun] > quality of being particular or not general > quality of being personal

personality1747

personalism1846

personalness1853

1747 S. Richardson Clarissa II. xxii. 137 Not invenom'd by personality, not intending to expose, or ridicule, or exasperate.

1773 Ann. Reg. 1772 33/1 By specifying and applying their charges to individuals, to incur the censure of a mean and malicious personality.

1814 I. D'Israeli Quarrels Auth. I. 150 Personality in his satires, no doubt, accorded with the temper and the talent of Pope.

1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate I. v. 108 Never referring with clear personality to those who had been nearest to her when she had been a child.

1891 W. D. Howells Crit. & Fiction ii. 13 You descend at once very far in the moral and social scale, and anything short of offensive personality is too good for you.

2000 Palm Beach (Florida) Post (Nexis) 3 Sept. (Special section) 15 The oath [sc. the Oath of Attorney] states in part that an attorney will abstain from all offensive personality.

b. A statement or remark referring to or aimed at a particular person, and usually disparaging or offensive in nature. Usually in plural.In quot. 1811 with sense ‘personal attentions’, ‘compliments’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > personal

personals1741

personality1769

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [noun]

gentilessea1413

courtesya1475

humanitya1533

urbanities1630

courtship1631

civility1645

gallantry1673

complaisance1710

politeness1720

complacency1749

attention1752

customary1756

sensibility1795

personality1811

amenity1826

suavities1852

1769 W. Draper in ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xxvi. 187 Cannot political questions be discussed without descending to the most odious personalities?

1774 G. Colman Man of Business (front matter) p. v Who will justify the scandalous personalities..that disgrace our newspapers?

1811 L.-M. Hawkins Countess & Gertrude III. lviii. 262 When occupied at home, she put by his personalities, by trying to interest him in a plan of diligence.

1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It iv. 40 He discharged a facetious insulting personality at a hostler.

1935 H. H. Hudson in J. Hoskins Direct. for Style & Speech Introd. p. xv He was free to speak without formality,..and to indulge in jokes, personalities, and asides.

1967 Listener 28 Dec. 846/3 Mr Davis's book..is devoid of ‘personalities’ in the malign sense, except for one snide (and unworthy) crack at Pope Paul VI on page 114.

1997 Calif. Reporter (Lexis) 2nd Ser. 67 548 When we were going back and forth and trying to avoid personalities, let's say, in resolution of this thing, I'm not sure whether we fully communicated everything that needed to be communicated.

2001 Businessworld (Philippines) (Nexis) 17 Jan. (transcript of court hearing) A person guilty of..offensive personalities toward others..may be summarily adjudged in contempt.

II. Law.

†a. = personalty n. 1. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [noun] > a lawsuit > other types of action > fact of being personal action

personalty1528

personality1658

1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Personality, (a Law-Term) an abstract of personal, as the action is in the personalty [1661 T. Blount personality; 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Personality]; that is, brought against the right person.

†b. In plural = personalty n. 2; (gen.) personal belongings. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > personal or movable property

feec888

goodOE

chateus1297

moblea1325

farec1330

harness1340

gearc1380

plentiesc1384

goods and cattel1418

pelfa1425

testament1424

movables1428

personals1436

stuff1438

cattle1473

cabow1489

chattel1549

chattel personal1552

goods and chattels1576

luggage1624

corporeals1647

effects1657

chose1670

personalities1753

stock1776

plunder1780

personal effects1818

personalty1827

taonga1863

marbles1864

the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > personal or movable property > personal belongings

thingc1300

geara1400

pertinencea1513

furniture1566

duds1665

equipage1716

paraphernalia1736

belonging1817

iktas1856

personalities1858

personalty1865

parapherna1876

shit1934

1753 Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 334 The interest or dividends of many personalities in the stocks.

1770 S. Foote Lame Lover i. 9 He..can acquire, buy,..possess, and inherit, not only personalities, such as goods, and chattels, but even realities, as all lands, tenements, and hereditaments, whatsoever.

1821 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. He observed that negroes are property, and as such cannot be distinguished from the lands or personalities held in those States where there are few slaves.

1858 N. Hawthorne French & Ital. Note-bks. II. 72 Michael Angelo's..old slippers, and whatever other of his closest personalities are to be shown.

c. The capacity for being the subject of rights and duties recognized by law. Cf. person n. 7.

ΚΠ

1870 B. V. Abbott U.S. Circuit & District Court Rep. 1 521 I am not warranted in regarding the certified copy of the charter as satisfactory proof of the plaintiffs' averment of personality—of a legal existence—in May, 1869.

1894 Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 4 143 It would be well..to distinguish between a legal personality, so called, and a moral personality... The legal person is such by virtue of possessing certain legal rights. It is not necessarily an individual; it may be a corporation, estate, etc.

1916 Law Rep.: House of Lords 1 569 The personality of a corporation is recognized in foreign countries by comity of nations: Bar's Private International Law (Gillespie's translation), 2nd ed., p. 227.

1976 J. A. C. Thomas Textbk. Rom. Law 387 In modern legal systems, the term ‘person’ denotes an entity capable of bearing rights and duties and personality is the quality of being a possible subject of rights and duties.

1991 J. H. Farrar et al. Company Law 72 Corporate personality is essentially a metaphorical use of language clothing the formal group with a single separate legal identity by analogy with a natural person.

†a. The quality, in a law, of concerning persons rather than property. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > [noun] > a law > specific quality of

antinomy1592

personality1834

1834–46 J. Story Comm. Conflict of Laws (1883) i. §16 19 By the personality of laws foreign jurists generally mean all laws which concern the condition, state, and capacity of persons; by the reality of laws, all laws which concern property or things; quæ ad rem spectant.

1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon Personality of laws, all laws which concern the condition, state & capacity of persons, as the reality of laws means all laws which concern property or things.

b. In Western Europe during the Middle Ages: the principle that the laws governing a person are those of the country in which he or she is born, or of the race to which he or she belongs, rather than those of the country or region of residence. historical.

ΚΠ

1888 E. Emerton Introd. Stud. Middle Ages viii. 76 If he went into the territory of another people, he carried his law with him and looked to have it respected. This notion of law is what is called by scholars the idea of the ‘personality of law’, as distinguished from the ‘territoriality of law’.

1911 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 5 930 The Middle Ages were still dominated by the idea of personality of law.

1946 Central-Eastern Europe 10 In addition, there was the concept of personality of law so prevalent in mediaeval Europe, especially among the Germans, according to which a man took his law (the law of his tribe or nation) with him wherever he went.

1991 C. Higgitt tr. J.-P. Poly & E. Bournazel Feudal Transformation 227 It has sometimes been thought that the principle of the personality of laws disappeared before the principle of territoriality.

B. adj. (attributive).

Denoting a person of fame or importance, or one who is seen as having a lively, outgoing, or interesting character or as adopting such a character to attract admiration or attention, as personality kid, etc.

ΚΠ

1928 Decatur (Illinois) Rev. 7 June 6/3 Where, the old-timers ask me, are those distinctly individual types, those personality kids of the old Floradora sextet?

1950 Proc. 1950 Annual Conf. Life Office Managem. Assoc. in Readings in Life Insurance (1959) VI. 76 I know several people..who regard themselves..as ‘personality kids’. With a suave exterior and a great show of interest and concern, they seem to show this capacity to care sincerely.

1991 P. McGilligan George Cukor x. 261 He was fed up with doing all the work, and then seeing all the ‘personality Joes’ get the credit.

2003 Daily Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 23 Jan. 77 They are supposed to be the personality princesses of tennis but on the court they seem so bored that they barely stifle the yawns.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

personality assessment n.

ΚΠ

1944 Psych. Abstr. 18 Nov. 361/2 Screening concerned solely with diagnoses, personality assessment, and symptoms gives inaccurate predictions.

1990 Times Educ. Suppl. 12 Oct. (Review section) r3/4 He had wide ranging influence on education and industry, applying his movement notation to personality assessment and time and motion studies.

personality clash n.

ΚΠ

1926 Times 4 Jan. 10/1 The formal man is too often the one who cannot stand the clash of personality.]

1930 Jrnl. Educ. Sociol. 3 500 Such conduct has generally been preceded by personality clashes between principal and teacher.

1990 J. Eberts & T. Ilott My Indecision is Final li. 546 Until that point I had thought that the problems were to do with staffing, overheads and personality clashes.

personality defect n.

ΚΠ

1919 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 16 241 The next type of personality defect which we may consider is connected with a higher stage of human development.

1993 A. Gay Brooch of Azure Midnight (BNC) 368 A few little personality defects like indecision but we'll get those sorted out over the next few months.

personality pattern n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > [noun] > feature of personality > combination of

personality pattern1927

personality structure1932

1927 Social Forces 5 393/1 Personality patterns.

1949 C. E. Thompson Thematic Apperception Test: Man. 3 When cultural prejudices or antagonisms are part of the personality pattern of the Negro they are likely to reduce the subject's identification with the white figures of the TAT.

1991 S. Forward Obsessive Love i. 58 I always suggest that clients who fit this personality pattern separate from their lovers or spouses for at least three months.

personality problem n.

ΚΠ

1920 Amer. Jrnl. Insanity 77 227 It is a great privilege and opportunity for the institutional staff to be brought in contact with many undiagnosed juvenile mental and personality problems.

1994 Guardian 31 Aug. ii. 4/1 Like any self-respecting nineties popsters, Newman and Baddiel responded by announcing they were splitting up; personality problems, you understand.

personality structure n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > [noun] > feature of personality > combination of

personality pattern1927

personality structure1932

1932 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 37 525 In so far as politics is the science and the art of management, politics must direct its means to the three levels of personality structure.

1939 R. Linton in A. Kardiner Individual & his Society p. vi Basic personality structure, as the term is used here, represents the constellation of personality characteristics which would appear to be congenial with the total range of institutions comprised within a given culture.

1991 J. Smiley Thousand Acres xvi. 118 A psych major for a while, she burbled with plausible theories about why he drank, what his personality structure was, [etc.].

personality test n.

ΚΠ

1921 Jrnl. Abnormal & Social Psychol. 16 6 Our aim is personality study and description rather than personality testing.]

1927 Psychol. Bull. 24 419 A battery containing a mixture of intelligence and personality tests was used by Gallup.

1992 Daily Tel. 24 July 13/7 At this point I felt I was doing well... My Waterloo came in the afternoon with the personality test and interview.

personality theory n.

ΚΠ

1926 Jrnl. Abnormal & Social Psychol. 20 362 (title) A theory of personality.]

1942 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 7 388 (title) The Social Situation in Personality Theory.

1997 N.Y. Times 15 Aug. a10/1 A psychologist who has specialized in intelligence measurement and personality theory.

C2.

personality cult n. excessive public devotion to or admiration for a famous person, esp. a political leader; = cult of personality at cult n. Phrases.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > reverence > [noun] > excessive devotion to famous person

personality cult1927

1927 Social Forces 5 457/1 But, so-called personality-cults have taken numerous other forms.

1956 Canad. Forum May 25/1 The spread of the ‘personality cult’ diminished the role of collective leadership within the party and sometimes led to serious defects in our work.

1991 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 25 Nov. a14/3 The personality cult the Marcoses worked so hard to cultivate had not only survived the 1986 revolution but had become even stronger.

personality disorder n. Psychiatry a deeply ingrained and maladaptive pattern of behaviour of a specified kind that causes difficulties in forming relationships or in functioning within society.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > personality disorders

personality disorder1919

antisocial personality disorder1967

1919 N.Y. Times 14 Sept. iv. 9/2 These personality disorders produce a greater degree of ineffectiveness than insanity.

1938 L. P. Thorpe Psychol. Found. Personality viii. 338 Investigators..have attempted to ascertain the degree of relationship obtaining between glandular disturbances and personality disorders.

1994 Sci. News 4 June 359/3 Personality disorders, which encompass a bevy of interpersonal problems, also attract the use of Prozac and its chemical cousins.

personality dynamics n. (a) the way elements of a person's personality interact with each other; (b) the active adaptation, whether conscious or unconscious, of one's personality to one's environment.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > [noun] > adaptation to environment

self-adjustment1813

adjustment1855

personality dynamics1939

1939 Sociometry 2 10 Comparison of configurations of biological and environmental factors will furnish more significant evidence for differentials in personality dynamics.

1954 B. R. Sappenfield (title) Personality dynamics: an integrative psychology of adjustment.

1958 J. M. Argyle Relig. Behaviour v. 48 M. B. Smith and others (1956) distinguish those people whose attitudes are primarily an adjustment to group standards from those whose attitudes are based more on internal personality dynamics.

1999 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 58 569 Only one of these [chapters] concerns the personality dynamics that lie behind mystical experiences.

personality factor n. a factor involving personality; (Psychology) a trait or aspect of character regarded as sufficiently distinct to be measurable by factor analysis.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > [noun] > feature of personality > measurable trait

personality factor1927

personality variable1933

1927 Social Forces 5 529/1 The chapter on personality factors is an exhortation to cultivate vitality, attractivity, cordiality, mentality, sincerity, etc.

1957 R. B. Cattell Personality & Motivation ix. 335 A personality factor will have a series of predictive validities against specific cultural performances.

1989 Psychiatric Devel. 7 205 The role of personality factors may be important as an aetiological factor which operates during the development of the patient.

personality integration n. Psychology and Sociology the coordination of various aspects of an individual's personality with each other and with the social environment.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > [noun] > dominant determiner of > interrelation of parts > harmonious

integration1855

personality integration1928

1928 Social Forces 7 160/1 Why he omits the psychology of personality integration from this grouping is difficult to understand.

1999 Jrnl. Black Stud. 29 358 The TSCS has 29 subscales that measure constructs such as general maladjustment, personality integration, and self-satisfaction.

personality inventory n. a questionnaire designed to reveal the respondent's personality traits.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > testing of personality > [noun] > questionnaire

personality inventory1931

MMPI1946

1931 R. G. Bernreuter (title) The personality inventory.

1971 ‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Doctor Bird xiii. 193 I've done an Eysenck personality inventory on you both... You wouldn't suit.

1993 Compute July 98/1 Insight is actually a detailed personality inventory, or psychological profile, presented in software form.

personality profile n. (a) a description of the (likely) psychological, intellectual, and behavioural characteristics of a (certain type of) person; (b) an article describing the personality of a particular individual.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > journalism > journal > matter of or for journals > [noun] > article > other types of article

lost1762

human interest1779

sub-article1815

sub-leader1839

turn-over1842

feuilleton1845

special1861

spesh1887

causerie1903

personality profile1922

think-piece1935

situationer1937

turnover article1952

opinion piece1957

tick-tock1972

listicle2007

1922 H. L. Hollingworth Judging Human Char. 210 Allport has used a similar method for portraying personality profiles on the basis of questionnaire replies, with rough steps of classification.

1940 Marion (Ohio) Star 7 Nov. 17/1 Here follows a personality-profile on him which reveals, among other things, the meticulous attention he gives to the team.

1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 30 Sept. 869/2 It was realized that the personality profiles described were neither uniform, i.e. applicable to every patient suffering from the same disorder, nor specific, i.e. confined to the disorder for which they had been described.

2004 Retail Week (Nexis) 12 Mar. 23 As computing power increased, the company moved to using personality profiles to define customer behaviour, especially with respect to rewards responses.

personality system n. Sociology the way in which individual personality functions in relation to its social context.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > social psychology > [noun] > personality in social context

personality system1930

1930 Jrnl. Abnormal & Social Psychol. 24 432 The personality system tends to be considered..as a constellation of..somatic reactions, autistic reveries, adjustive thinking, and object orientations.

1951 T. Parsons et al. in T. Parsons & E. A. Shils Toward Gen. Theory Action ii. i. 55 A personality system is a system of action... Social systems, personality systems, and cultural systems are critical subject matter for the theory of action.

1991 R. Bocock Freud & Mod. Society (BNC) 53 There are important ways in which the biological organism impinges on the personality system, even later in life.

personality trait n. a particular feature or characteristic of an individual's personality.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > [noun] > feature of personality

personality trait1921

1921 F. H. & G. W. Allport in Jrnl. Abnormal & Social Psychol. 16 6 (title) Personality traits: their classification and measurement.

1948 Mind 57 511 The gesture in question is a personality trait of a given individual if it is performed by him, say, six out of every ten times when he might have performed it.

1993 Seattle Times 18 July c2/1 The one personality trait that my fellow non-natives have noticed about Seattlelites is their deep inferiority complex.

personality type n. Psychology a collection of personality traits which are thought to occur together consistently; any of a number of basic kinds of character into which people can be classified on this basis; also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > psychology of types > [noun] > type of personality

personality type1911

1911 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 16 473 These personality types merge into abstract ideals and standards.

1919 Psychol. Rev. 26 374 Personality-type A..is an individual rated as especially intelligent, prompt, persistent,..sensitive, not at all loquacious.

1936 W. S. Sadler Theory & Pract. Psychiatry liv. 845 The most important etiologic factor..is to be found in the personality type of these patients.

1949 R. M. MacIver & C. H. Page Society iii. 58 Each culture tends to create and is supported by a ‘basic personality type’.

1993 Dog World Oct. 44/3 The attitude of most wolves and wolf hybrids fits into four basic personality types.

personality variable n. Psychology = personality factor n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > [noun] > feature of personality > measurable trait

personality factor1927

personality variable1933

1933 Jrnl. Educ. Res. 26 655 At some points along the distribution personality is an advantage in academic work while different amounts of the same personality variable may be disadvantageous.

1958 J. M. Argyle Relig. Behaviour viii. 90 A related personality variable is that of punitiveness.

1987 A. R. Morden Elements of Marketing (BNC) 131 The marketer can take account of personality variables by grouping personality types as ‘stereotypes’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	personality
释义	personalityn.adj. Brit. /ˌpəːsəˈnalᵻti/, U.S. /ˌpərsnˈælədi/ Forms: late Middle English personalite, 1600s– personality. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French personalité; Latin personalitas. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman personalité, personalté, etc., person, number (13th cent., of the three persons of God), personality, personal estate (early 14th cent.; compare also personalty n.) and Middle French personalité each of the three persons of God, that which constitutes a person in general (both 1495 in the same source), French personnalité (in plural) personal details (1697), personal trait used against someone (c1720; compare sense A. 6b), a person's individual character (1762), important or famous person (1867), capacity for being the subject of legal rights and duties (1872), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin personalitas personal nature or quality (5th cent. in theology with reference to the three persons of the Trinity), personal character, personal qualities (from 12th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin persōnālis personal adj. + -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare Spanish personalidad (1437 or earlier), Italian personalità (a1406).With sense A. 8b compare French personnalité des lois (1877 in Littré). With sense A. 3b compare German Persönlichkeit (a1832 in this sense). Use in sense A. 3b is sometimes criticized, especially in normative usage guides. A. n. I. Personal nature or quality; an instance of this. 1. †a. The quality, character, or fact of being a person, as distinct from an animal, thing, or abstraction; the quality which makes a being human. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > [noun] > quality of being personalitya1425 personagea1530 manlikeness1742 personhood1944 a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 296 (MED) Al þe personalite of man stondiþ in þe spirit of him. 1655 H. More Antidote against Atheism (ed. 2) App. xii. 383 For a time he loses the sense of his own personality, and becomes a mere passive instrument of the Deity. 1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. v. 12 We must be wary, lest we ascribe any..Personality to this Nature or Chance. 1769 in E. Law Def. Locke's Opin. Personal Identity App. 41 Personality therefore may be ranked among the old scholastick terms of corporeity, egoity, tableity, &c. 1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xxiii. 439 These capacities constitute personality, for they imply consciousness, and thought. 1836 R. W. Emerson Nature in Wks. (1850) II. 164 Religion includes the personality of God; Ethics does not. 1880 Academy 23 Oct. 292 The primitive conception of beauty must have been purely anthropinistic—must have gathered mainly round the personality of man or woman. b. Theology. The quality, condition, or fact ascribed to God of consisting of three distinct persons. Also: each of the natures or identities of these persons considered separately. See person n. 6a. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > [noun] > state of being thrinnessa900 thrimnessa1175 threeheada1225 trinitya1300 thrillehodc1320 personality1492 trinea1568 trinunion1603 triune1605 trinunionhood1612 trinunity1650 triunity1653 three-one1656 tripersonality1673 threeness1829 threelihood1845 trinityhood1886 1492 J. Ryman Poems xlii, in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1892) 89 209 Ay thre in personalite, In deite but oon. 1624 T. Gataker Discuss. Transubstant. 173 If a perfect substance or nature (as was the humanity of Christ) could want the naturall personality and subsistence thereof, supplyed by the divine person and hypostasis of the Sonne of God. 1674 J. Owen Disc. Holy Spirit (1693) 9 A Name..not distinctive with respect unto His Personality, but denominative with respect unto His Work. 1752 J. Gill Doctr. Trinity (ed. 2) iv. 81 Personality is the bare mode of subsisting. 1784 E. Allen Reason x. §2. 348 (heading) Essence being the cause of identity, is inconsistent with personality in the divine nature. 1833 J. H. Newman Arians 4th Cent. ii. 169 The apparent Personality ascribed to Them [sc. the Word, and the Spirit] in the Old Testament, is changed for a real Personality. 1870 J. H. Newman Ess. Gram. Assent i. v. 120 The Almighty God, instead of being One Person only, which is the teaching of Natural Religion, has three Personalities. 1916 S. Cadman Three Relig. Leaders Oxf. x. 485 He had to deal with such unfathomable truths as the Triple Personality and the Divine Unity. 1995 America (Nexis) 173 26 Among other things, he [sc. Emerson] denied the personality of God and questioned the miracles of Jesus. †c. Existence or identity as a person. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > [noun] > personal or individual existence identity1683 personality1835 1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. viii. 337 This inference..would lead to other conclusions affecting the personality of Lycurgus. 1849 J. Ruskin Seven Lamps Archit. vi. 164 The age of Homer is surrounded with darkness, his very personality with doubt. 1870 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) II. App. 673 There are others..whose personality can be identified in Domesday. †2. The fact of being done by a particular person, or being done in person. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > presence > [noun] > presence in person personal appearance1585 personality1648 1648 T. Fairfax Second Remonstrance 36 The King comes in with the reputation..of having long sought it [sc. Peace] by a Personal Treaty:..the truth is, neither the Treaty, nor the Personality of it have advanced the businesse one jot. 3. a. A person, esp. one considered as the possessor of individual characteristics or qualities. Also: a being resembling or having the nature of a person, esp. by having self-awareness or consciousness.In first quot. 1678¹ applied to the Persons of the Trinity: see person n. 6a. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > [noun] hadc900 lifesmaneOE maneOE world-maneOE ghostOE wyeOE lifeOE son of manOE wightc1175 soulc1180 earthmanc1225 foodc1225 person?c1225 creaturec1300 bodyc1325 beera1382 poppetc1390 flippera1400 wat1399 corsec1400 mortal?a1425 deadly?c1450 hec1450 personagec1485 wretcha1500 human1509 mundane1509 member1525 worma1556 homo1561 piece of flesh1567 sconce1567 squirrel?1567 fellow creature1572 Adamite1581 bloat herringa1586 earthling1593 mother's child1594 stuff1598 a piece of flesh1600 wagtail1607 bosom1608 fragment1609 boots1623 tick1631 worthy1649 earthlies1651 snap1653 pippin1665 being1666 personal1678 personality1678 sooterkin1680 party1686 worldling1687 human being1694 water-wagtail1694 noddle1705 human subject1712 piece of work1713 somebody1724 terrestrial1726 anybody1733 individual1742 character1773 cuss1775 jig1781 thingy1787 bod1788 curse1790 his nabs1790 article1796 Earthite1814 critter1815 potato1815 personeityc1816 nibs1821 somebody1826 tellurian1828 case1832 tangata1840 prawn1845 nigger1848 nut1856 Snooks1860 mug1865 outfit1867 to deliver the goods1870 hairpin1879 baby1880 possum1894 hot tamale1895 babe1900 jobbie1902 virile1903 cup of tea1908 skin1914 pisser1918 number1919 job1927 apple1928 mush1936 face1944 jong1956 naked ape1965 oke1970 punter1975 the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > [noun] > person of persona1325 governorc1400 hypostasisa1529 hypostasy1551 subsistence1551 subsistency1577 inbeing1587 subsistent1650 personality1678 prosopon1842 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 597 The Platonists thus distinguishing, betwixt οὐσία and ὐπόστασις, the Essence of the Godhead, and the Distinct Hypostases or Personalities thereof. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. v. 750 Humane Souls, Minds, and Personalities, being unquestionably Substantial Things and Really Distinct from Matter. 1851 N. Hawthorne House of Seven Gables xi. 178 By its remoteness, it melts all the petty personalities, of which it is made up, into one broad mass of existence. 1895 W. H. Hudson Introd. Philos. H. Spencer 209 We cannot think of an infinite personality. Personality implies limitation, or it means nothing at all. 1910 E. M. Forster Howards End 582 Men and women are personalities capable of sustained relations. 1995 Sun-Sentinel (Fort-Lauderdale, Florida) (Nexis) 25 Aug. (Southeast section) 1 There are a million personalities—the managers, fighters, fans—and you have to keep everybody happy. b. spec. A person who is well known by virtue of having a strong or unusual character. Also: an important or famous person; a celebrity. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > state of being noteworthy or remarkable > [noun] > thing or person notables1484 remarkable1639 rouser1824 personality1848 notabilia1849 lulu1886 1848 T. De Quincey Wks. A. Pope in N. Brit. Rev. Aug. 299 The withdrawal..from a dramatic poet..of any false lustre which he has owed to his momentary connexion with what we may call the personalities of a fleeting generation. 1889 G. B. Shaw in Church Reformer Mar. 68/1 Individuality is concentrated, fixed, gripped in one exceptionally gifted man, who is consequently what we call a personality, a man pre-eminently himself, impossible to disguise. 1919 V. Woolf Night & Day iv. 46 I've only seen her once or twice, but she seems to me to be what one calls a ‘personality’. 1933 Radio Times 14 Apr. 82/3 I apply what may seem a whimsical test to broadcasting personalities. I ask myself if I would care to meet and talk with them in the flesh. 1962 Listener 22 Mar. 503/1 He is a local councillor in a small town, and one of its prominent personalities. 1993 J. Kay Found. Corporate Success iv. ix. 139 Readers who are interested in gossip about..television personalities are probably not interested in analyses of the political situation in Latin America. 4. †a. A personal quality or characteristic; an individual trait. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun] > distinguishing feature thewc888 qualitya1400 vein1536 trick1608 idiosyncrasy1661 personality1710 turn1729 trait1752 character trait1792 1710 J. Clendon Tractatus Philosophico-theologicus de Persona iii. 140 Wisdom, Learning, and Religion, are Voluntary Personalities or Qualifications of our own Acquisition. 1747 S. Richardson Clarissa II. xx. 124 In return, [I] fall to praising those qualities and personalities in Lovelace, which the other never will have. 1822 J. Galt Provost xvii. 127 He was, however, in his personalities, chiefly remarkable for two queer and twinkling little eyes. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits viii. 137 No man can claim..to put upon the company with the loud statement of his crotchets or personalities. 1869 W. Davies Songs of Wayfarer 95 Honest and contented men Free from all selfish personalities. b. The quality or collection of qualities which makes a person a distinctive individual; the distinctive personal or individual character of a person, esp. of a marked or unusual kind. Also in extended use. to have personality: to have particular qualities or traits of character, esp. to an unusual or noteworthy degree. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun] heartOE erda1000 moodOE i-mindOE i-cundeOE costc1175 lundc1175 evena1200 kinda1225 custc1275 couragec1300 the manner ofc1300 qualityc1300 talentc1330 attemperancec1374 complexionc1386 dispositiona1387 propertyc1390 naturea1393 assay1393 inclinationa1398 gentlenessa1400 proprietya1400 habitudec1400 makingc1400 conditionc1405 habitc1405 conceitc1425 affecta1460 ingeny1477 engine1488 stomach?1510 mind?a1513 ingine1533 affection1534 vein1536 humour?1563 natural1564 facultyc1565 concept1566 frame1567 temperature1583 geniusa1586 bent1587 constitution1589 composition1597 character1600 tune1600 qualification1602 infusion1604 spirits1604 dispose1609 selfness1611 disposure1613 composurea1616 racea1616 tempera1616 crasisc1616 directiona1639 grain1641 turn1647 complexure1648 genie1653 make1674 personality1710 tonea1751 bearing1795 liver1800 make-up1821 temperament1821 naturalness1850 selfhood1854 Wesen1854 naturel1856 sit1857 fibre1864 character structure1873 mentality1895 mindset1909 psyche1910 where it's (he's, she's) at1967 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [noun] > individuality or selfhood personage1531 selfhood1568 identity1596 selfness1611 personship1645 egoity1651 I-hood1653 ipseity1659 inbeing1661 minehood1662 my-ness1662 selfship1664 personal identity1694 seity1709 personality1710 proprium1781 me1828 I-shipa1834 I-ety1835 selfdom1848 ownhood1856 I-ness1870 ego-hood1873 1710 J. Clendon Tractatus Philosophico-theologicus de Persona i. 18 The same Man seems to be Two Persons for that he hath Two Personalities in him, the one real, and which is his own as he is the Persona Personans; the other assumed and fictitious, and is his own in Appearance only, which he represents the Personality of another, viz. of the Persona Personata. a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. ii. 353 Personality is what makes a man to be himself, can never be divested..nor is interchangeable with that of any other creature. 1795 A. Hughes Jemima II. 167 Marmontel observes that even a French girl of sixteen, if she has but a little personality, is a Machiavel. 1850 R. W. Emerson Napoleon in Representative Men vi. 222 Mirabeau, with his overpowering personality, felt that these things, which his presence inspired, were as much his own, as if he had said them. 1879 H. Maudsley Pathol. of Mind (ed. 3) i. 12 It is this physiological unity of organic functions, which is something deeper than consciousness and constitutes our fundamental personality. 1882 Contemp. Rev. 42 807 The almost indescribable charm which his sermons derived from his personality. 1902 W. D. Howells Lit. & Life 249 How many houses now have character—personality? 1940 R. S. Lambert Ariel & all his Quality iv. 116 That paper shall have a ‘personality’ to distinguish it from others of its kind. 1949 C. Kluckhohn & H. A. Murray Personality in Nature, Society & Culture i. 6 In trying to remedy these failures, there emerged the first comprehensive dynamic theory of personality—psychoanalysis. a1960 E. M. Forster Maurice (1971) xxxiv. 155 So he was in a way, but evidently he had personality. 1994 Independent on Sunday 4 Dec. (Review Suppl.) 12/3 I'm quite little, and I have ever such a soft personality, and so people treat me like a girly. c. Psychology and Sociology. Personal individuality as a subject of psychological and sociological study. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > [noun] psychodynamics1874 characterology1895 ego-psychology1923 personology1926 personality1930 personalistics1935 1930 Psychol. Bull. 27 677 The methods and problems of contemporary research in personality. 1947 G. Murphy Personality p. x The approach to personality is made chiefly in terms of origins and modes of development on the one hand, interrelations or structural problems on the other. 1973 (title) Journal of research in personality. d. Computing. A setting or configuration that enables a printer or other piece of hardware to be compatible with a chosen brand of software. Usually attributive: designating a card, cartridge, module, etc., that enables such a configuration. ΚΠ 1977 Science 9 Dec. (advt.) 1077/1 Sol-20/8 Terminal Computer with 8KRA 8192-byte Memory module and SOLOS Personality module. 1988 InfoWorld (Nexis) 10 Oct. 6 Each port can define a different printer personality. For example, one port can pass Postscript output directly to the printer, while another can be dedicated to programs that do not communicate in Postscript. 2003 Business & Commerc. Aviation (Nexis) Sept. 90 The displays, LRUs and servo actuators are pretty much interchangeable between all aircraft we saw. A ‘personality module’ on each aircraft ‘tells’ the components how to function for the specific model in which they're installed. †5. The body or physical appearance of a person. Also in plural: bodily parts. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > [noun] lichamc888 bodyeOE earthOE lichOE bone houseOE dustc1000 fleshOE utter mana1050 bonesOE bodiȝlichc1175 bouka1225 bellyc1275 slimec1315 corpsec1325 vesselc1360 tabernaclec1374 carrion1377 corsec1386 personc1390 claya1400 carcass1406 lump of claya1425 sensuality?a1425 corpusc1440 God's imagea1450 bulka1475 natural body1526 outward man1526 quarrons1567 blood bulk1570 skinfula1592 flesh-rind1593 clod1595 anatomy1597 veil1598 microcosm1601 machine1604 outwall1608 lay part1609 machina1612 cabinet1614 automaton1644 case1655 mud wall1662 structure1671 soul case1683 incarnation1745 personality1748 personage1785 man1830 embodiment1850 flesh-stuff1855 corporeity1865 chassis1930 soma1958 1748 S. Richardson Clarissa VI. i. 5 To descend to a very low instance, and that only as to personality; hast thou any doubt, that thy strong-muscled bony face was as much admired by thy mother, as if it had been the face of a Lovelace? 1842 T. P. Thompson Let. 1 Jan. in Exercises VI. 413 It might bait a rat-trap; though a well-fed rat would hardly risk his personalities for such a pittance. 1873 A. Bierce Fiend's Delight 86 His appeal for alms falls not more vexingly upon the ear than his offensive personality smites hard upon the eye. 1884 G. B. Malleson Battle-fields Germany vi. 161 Notwithstanding that he was the possessor, at the age of thirty-three, of little more than half of his original personality, he was as active..as the strongest and soundest-limbed man in his army. 6. a. The fact or action of referring to a particular person or persons, esp. in a disparaging or offensive way; the fact or quality of being personal (see personal adj. 4b). Now rare (only U.S. Law). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > [noun] > quality of being particular or not general > quality of being personal personality1747 personalism1846 personalness1853 1747 S. Richardson Clarissa II. xxii. 137 Not invenom'd by personality, not intending to expose, or ridicule, or exasperate. 1773 Ann. Reg. 1772 33/1 By specifying and applying their charges to individuals, to incur the censure of a mean and malicious personality. 1814 I. D'Israeli Quarrels Auth. I. 150 Personality in his satires, no doubt, accorded with the temper and the talent of Pope. 1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate I. v. 108 Never referring with clear personality to those who had been nearest to her when she had been a child. 1891 W. D. Howells Crit. & Fiction ii. 13 You descend at once very far in the moral and social scale, and anything short of offensive personality is too good for you. 2000 Palm Beach (Florida) Post (Nexis) 3 Sept. (Special section) 15 The oath [sc. the Oath of Attorney] states in part that an attorney will abstain from all offensive personality. b. A statement or remark referring to or aimed at a particular person, and usually disparaging or offensive in nature. Usually in plural.In quot. 1811 with sense ‘personal attentions’, ‘compliments’. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > personal personals1741 personality1769 the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [noun] gentilessea1413 courtesya1475 humanitya1533 urbanities1630 courtship1631 civility1645 gallantry1673 complaisance1710 politeness1720 complacency1749 attention1752 customary1756 sensibility1795 personality1811 amenity1826 suavities1852 1769 W. Draper in ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xxvi. 187 Cannot political questions be discussed without descending to the most odious personalities? 1774 G. Colman Man of Business (front matter) p. v Who will justify the scandalous personalities..that disgrace our newspapers? 1811 L.-M. Hawkins Countess & Gertrude III. lviii. 262 When occupied at home, she put by his personalities, by trying to interest him in a plan of diligence. 1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It iv. 40 He discharged a facetious insulting personality at a hostler. 1935 H. H. Hudson in J. Hoskins Direct. for Style & Speech Introd. p. xv He was free to speak without formality,..and to indulge in jokes, personalities, and asides. 1967 Listener 28 Dec. 846/3 Mr Davis's book..is devoid of ‘personalities’ in the malign sense, except for one snide (and unworthy) crack at Pope Paul VI on page 114. 1997 Calif. Reporter (Lexis) 2nd Ser. 67 548 When we were going back and forth and trying to avoid personalities, let's say, in resolution of this thing, I'm not sure whether we fully communicated everything that needed to be communicated. 2001 Businessworld (Philippines) (Nexis) 17 Jan. (transcript of court hearing) A person guilty of..offensive personalities toward others..may be summarily adjudged in contempt. II. Law. 7. †a. = personalty n. 1. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [noun] > a lawsuit > other types of action > fact of being personal action personalty1528 personality1658 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Personality, (a Law-Term) an abstract of personal, as the action is in the personalty [1661 T. Blount personality; 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Personality]; that is, brought against the right person. †b. In plural = personalty n. 2; (gen.) personal belongings. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > personal or movable property feec888 goodOE chateus1297 moblea1325 farec1330 harness1340 gearc1380 plentiesc1384 goods and cattel1418 pelfa1425 testament1424 movables1428 personals1436 stuff1438 cattle1473 cabow1489 chattel1549 chattel personal1552 goods and chattels1576 luggage1624 corporeals1647 effects1657 chose1670 personalities1753 stock1776 plunder1780 personal effects1818 personalty1827 taonga1863 marbles1864 the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > personal or movable property > personal belongings thingc1300 geara1400 pertinencea1513 furniture1566 duds1665 equipage1716 paraphernalia1736 belonging1817 iktas1856 personalities1858 personalty1865 parapherna1876 shit1934 1753 Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 334 The interest or dividends of many personalities in the stocks. 1770 S. Foote Lame Lover i. 9 He..can acquire, buy,..possess, and inherit, not only personalities, such as goods, and chattels, but even realities, as all lands, tenements, and hereditaments, whatsoever. 1821 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. He observed that negroes are property, and as such cannot be distinguished from the lands or personalities held in those States where there are few slaves. 1858 N. Hawthorne French & Ital. Note-bks. II. 72 Michael Angelo's..old slippers, and whatever other of his closest personalities are to be shown. c. The capacity for being the subject of rights and duties recognized by law. Cf. person n. 7. ΚΠ 1870 B. V. Abbott U.S. Circuit & District Court Rep. 1 521 I am not warranted in regarding the certified copy of the charter as satisfactory proof of the plaintiffs' averment of personality—of a legal existence—in May, 1869. 1894 Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 4 143 It would be well..to distinguish between a legal personality, so called, and a moral personality... The legal person is such by virtue of possessing certain legal rights. It is not necessarily an individual; it may be a corporation, estate, etc. 1916 Law Rep.: House of Lords 1 569 The personality of a corporation is recognized in foreign countries by comity of nations: Bar's Private International Law (Gillespie's translation), 2nd ed., p. 227. 1976 J. A. C. Thomas Textbk. Rom. Law 387 In modern legal systems, the term ‘person’ denotes an entity capable of bearing rights and duties and personality is the quality of being a possible subject of rights and duties. 1991 J. H. Farrar et al. Company Law 72 Corporate personality is essentially a metaphorical use of language clothing the formal group with a single separate legal identity by analogy with a natural person. 8. †a. The quality, in a law, of concerning persons rather than property. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > [noun] > a law > specific quality of antinomy1592 personality1834 1834–46 J. Story Comm. Conflict of Laws (1883) i. §16 19 By the personality of laws foreign jurists generally mean all laws which concern the condition, state, and capacity of persons; by the reality of laws, all laws which concern property or things; quæ ad rem spectant. 1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon Personality of laws, all laws which concern the condition, state & capacity of persons, as the reality of laws means all laws which concern property or things. b. In Western Europe during the Middle Ages: the principle that the laws governing a person are those of the country in which he or she is born, or of the race to which he or she belongs, rather than those of the country or region of residence. historical. ΚΠ 1888 E. Emerton Introd. Stud. Middle Ages viii. 76 If he went into the territory of another people, he carried his law with him and looked to have it respected. This notion of law is what is called by scholars the idea of the ‘personality of law’, as distinguished from the ‘territoriality of law’. 1911 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 5 930 The Middle Ages were still dominated by the idea of personality of law. 1946 Central-Eastern Europe 10 In addition, there was the concept of personality of law so prevalent in mediaeval Europe, especially among the Germans, according to which a man took his law (the law of his tribe or nation) with him wherever he went. 1991 C. Higgitt tr. J.-P. Poly & E. Bournazel Feudal Transformation 227 It has sometimes been thought that the principle of the personality of laws disappeared before the principle of territoriality. B. adj. (attributive). Denoting a person of fame or importance, or one who is seen as having a lively, outgoing, or interesting character or as adopting such a character to attract admiration or attention, as personality kid, etc. ΚΠ 1928 Decatur (Illinois) Rev. 7 June 6/3 Where, the old-timers ask me, are those distinctly individual types, those personality kids of the old Floradora sextet? 1950 Proc. 1950 Annual Conf. Life Office Managem. Assoc. in Readings in Life Insurance (1959) VI. 76 I know several people..who regard themselves..as ‘personality kids’. With a suave exterior and a great show of interest and concern, they seem to show this capacity to care sincerely. 1991 P. McGilligan George Cukor x. 261 He was fed up with doing all the work, and then seeing all the ‘personality Joes’ get the credit. 2003 Daily Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 23 Jan. 77 They are supposed to be the personality princesses of tennis but on the court they seem so bored that they barely stifle the yawns. Compounds C1. General attributive. personality assessment n. ΚΠ 1944 Psych. Abstr. 18 Nov. 361/2 Screening concerned solely with diagnoses, personality assessment, and symptoms gives inaccurate predictions. 1990 Times Educ. Suppl. 12 Oct. (Review section) r3/4 He had wide ranging influence on education and industry, applying his movement notation to personality assessment and time and motion studies. personality clash n. ΚΠ 1926 Times 4 Jan. 10/1 The formal man is too often the one who cannot stand the clash of personality.] 1930 Jrnl. Educ. Sociol. 3 500 Such conduct has generally been preceded by personality clashes between principal and teacher. 1990 J. Eberts & T. Ilott My Indecision is Final li. 546 Until that point I had thought that the problems were to do with staffing, overheads and personality clashes. personality defect n. ΚΠ 1919 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 16 241 The next type of personality defect which we may consider is connected with a higher stage of human development. 1993 A. Gay Brooch of Azure Midnight (BNC) 368 A few little personality defects like indecision but we'll get those sorted out over the next few months. personality pattern n. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > [noun] > feature of personality > combination of personality pattern1927 personality structure1932 1927 Social Forces 5 393/1 Personality patterns. 1949 C. E. Thompson Thematic Apperception Test: Man. 3 When cultural prejudices or antagonisms are part of the personality pattern of the Negro they are likely to reduce the subject's identification with the white figures of the TAT. 1991 S. Forward Obsessive Love i. 58 I always suggest that clients who fit this personality pattern separate from their lovers or spouses for at least three months. personality problem n. ΚΠ 1920 Amer. Jrnl. Insanity 77 227 It is a great privilege and opportunity for the institutional staff to be brought in contact with many undiagnosed juvenile mental and personality problems. 1994 Guardian 31 Aug. ii. 4/1 Like any self-respecting nineties popsters, Newman and Baddiel responded by announcing they were splitting up; personality problems, you understand. personality structure n. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > [noun] > feature of personality > combination of personality pattern1927 personality structure1932 1932 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 37 525 In so far as politics is the science and the art of management, politics must direct its means to the three levels of personality structure. 1939 R. Linton in A. Kardiner Individual & his Society p. vi Basic personality structure, as the term is used here, represents the constellation of personality characteristics which would appear to be congenial with the total range of institutions comprised within a given culture. 1991 J. Smiley Thousand Acres xvi. 118 A psych major for a while, she burbled with plausible theories about why he drank, what his personality structure was, [etc.]. personality test n. ΚΠ 1921 Jrnl. Abnormal & Social Psychol. 16 6 Our aim is personality study and description rather than personality testing.] 1927 Psychol. Bull. 24 419 A battery containing a mixture of intelligence and personality tests was used by Gallup. 1992 Daily Tel. 24 July 13/7 At this point I felt I was doing well... My Waterloo came in the afternoon with the personality test and interview. personality theory n. ΚΠ 1926 Jrnl. Abnormal & Social Psychol. 20 362 (title) A theory of personality.] 1942 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 7 388 (title) The Social Situation in Personality Theory. 1997 N.Y. Times 15 Aug. a10/1 A psychologist who has specialized in intelligence measurement and personality theory. C2. personality cult n. excessive public devotion to or admiration for a famous person, esp. a political leader; = cult of personality at cult n. Phrases. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > reverence > [noun] > excessive devotion to famous person personality cult1927 1927 Social Forces 5 457/1 But, so-called personality-cults have taken numerous other forms. 1956 Canad. Forum May 25/1 The spread of the ‘personality cult’ diminished the role of collective leadership within the party and sometimes led to serious defects in our work. 1991 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 25 Nov. a14/3 The personality cult the Marcoses worked so hard to cultivate had not only survived the 1986 revolution but had become even stronger. personality disorder n. Psychiatry a deeply ingrained and maladaptive pattern of behaviour of a specified kind that causes difficulties in forming relationships or in functioning within society. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > personality disorders personality disorder1919 antisocial personality disorder1967 1919 N.Y. Times 14 Sept. iv. 9/2 These personality disorders produce a greater degree of ineffectiveness than insanity. 1938 L. P. Thorpe Psychol. Found. Personality viii. 338 Investigators..have attempted to ascertain the degree of relationship obtaining between glandular disturbances and personality disorders. 1994 Sci. News 4 June 359/3 Personality disorders, which encompass a bevy of interpersonal problems, also attract the use of Prozac and its chemical cousins. personality dynamics n. (a) the way elements of a person's personality interact with each other; (b) the active adaptation, whether conscious or unconscious, of one's personality to one's environment. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > [noun] > adaptation to environment self-adjustment1813 adjustment1855 personality dynamics1939 1939 Sociometry 2 10 Comparison of configurations of biological and environmental factors will furnish more significant evidence for differentials in personality dynamics. 1954 B. R. Sappenfield (title) Personality dynamics: an integrative psychology of adjustment. 1958 J. M. Argyle Relig. Behaviour v. 48 M. B. Smith and others (1956) distinguish those people whose attitudes are primarily an adjustment to group standards from those whose attitudes are based more on internal personality dynamics. 1999 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 58 569 Only one of these [chapters] concerns the personality dynamics that lie behind mystical experiences. personality factor n. a factor involving personality; (Psychology) a trait or aspect of character regarded as sufficiently distinct to be measurable by factor analysis. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > [noun] > feature of personality > measurable trait personality factor1927 personality variable1933 1927 Social Forces 5 529/1 The chapter on personality factors is an exhortation to cultivate vitality, attractivity, cordiality, mentality, sincerity, etc. 1957 R. B. Cattell Personality & Motivation ix. 335 A personality factor will have a series of predictive validities against specific cultural performances. 1989 Psychiatric Devel. 7 205 The role of personality factors may be important as an aetiological factor which operates during the development of the patient. personality integration n. Psychology and Sociology the coordination of various aspects of an individual's personality with each other and with the social environment. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > [noun] > dominant determiner of > interrelation of parts > harmonious integration1855 personality integration1928 1928 Social Forces 7 160/1 Why he omits the psychology of personality integration from this grouping is difficult to understand. 1999 Jrnl. Black Stud. 29 358 The TSCS has 29 subscales that measure constructs such as general maladjustment, personality integration, and self-satisfaction. personality inventory n. a questionnaire designed to reveal the respondent's personality traits. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > testing of personality > [noun] > questionnaire personality inventory1931 MMPI1946 1931 R. G. Bernreuter (title) The personality inventory. 1971 ‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Doctor Bird xiii. 193 I've done an Eysenck personality inventory on you both... You wouldn't suit. 1993 Compute July 98/1 Insight is actually a detailed personality inventory, or psychological profile, presented in software form. personality profile n. (a) a description of the (likely) psychological, intellectual, and behavioural characteristics of a (certain type of) person; (b) an article describing the personality of a particular individual. ΘΚΠ society > communication > journalism > journal > matter of or for journals > [noun] > article > other types of article lost1762 human interest1779 sub-article1815 sub-leader1839 turn-over1842 feuilleton1845 special1861 spesh1887 causerie1903 personality profile1922 think-piece1935 situationer1937 turnover article1952 opinion piece1957 tick-tock1972 listicle2007 1922 H. L. Hollingworth Judging Human Char. 210 Allport has used a similar method for portraying personality profiles on the basis of questionnaire replies, with rough steps of classification. 1940 Marion (Ohio) Star 7 Nov. 17/1 Here follows a personality-profile on him which reveals, among other things, the meticulous attention he gives to the team. 1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 30 Sept. 869/2 It was realized that the personality profiles described were neither uniform, i.e. applicable to every patient suffering from the same disorder, nor specific, i.e. confined to the disorder for which they had been described. 2004 Retail Week (Nexis) 12 Mar. 23 As computing power increased, the company moved to using personality profiles to define customer behaviour, especially with respect to rewards responses. personality system n. Sociology the way in which individual personality functions in relation to its social context. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > social psychology > [noun] > personality in social context personality system1930 1930 Jrnl. Abnormal & Social Psychol. 24 432 The personality system tends to be considered..as a constellation of..somatic reactions, autistic reveries, adjustive thinking, and object orientations. 1951 T. Parsons et al. in T. Parsons & E. A. Shils Toward Gen. Theory Action ii. i. 55 A personality system is a system of action... Social systems, personality systems, and cultural systems are critical subject matter for the theory of action. 1991 R. Bocock Freud & Mod. Society (BNC) 53 There are important ways in which the biological organism impinges on the personality system, even later in life. personality trait n. a particular feature or characteristic of an individual's personality. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > [noun] > feature of personality personality trait1921 1921 F. H. & G. W. Allport in Jrnl. Abnormal & Social Psychol. 16 6 (title) Personality traits: their classification and measurement. 1948 Mind 57 511 The gesture in question is a personality trait of a given individual if it is performed by him, say, six out of every ten times when he might have performed it. 1993 Seattle Times 18 July c2/1 The one personality trait that my fellow non-natives have noticed about Seattlelites is their deep inferiority complex. personality type n. Psychology a collection of personality traits which are thought to occur together consistently; any of a number of basic kinds of character into which people can be classified on this basis; also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > psychology of types > [noun] > type of personality personality type1911 1911 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 16 473 These personality types merge into abstract ideals and standards. 1919 Psychol. Rev. 26 374 Personality-type A..is an individual rated as especially intelligent, prompt, persistent,..sensitive, not at all loquacious. 1936 W. S. Sadler Theory & Pract. Psychiatry liv. 845 The most important etiologic factor..is to be found in the personality type of these patients. 1949 R. M. MacIver & C. H. Page Society iii. 58 Each culture tends to create and is supported by a ‘basic personality type’. 1993 Dog World Oct. 44/3 The attitude of most wolves and wolf hybrids fits into four basic personality types. personality variable n. Psychology = personality factor n. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > [noun] > feature of personality > measurable trait personality factor1927 personality variable1933 1933 Jrnl. Educ. Res. 26 655 At some points along the distribution personality is an advantage in academic work while different amounts of the same personality variable may be disadvantageous. 1958 J. M. Argyle Relig. Behaviour viii. 90 A related personality variable is that of punitiveness. 1987 A. R. Morden Elements of Marketing (BNC) 131 The marketer can take account of personality variables by grouping personality types as ‘stereotypes’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.a1425
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