Phociann.adj.

Brit.

/ˈfəʊʃɪən/,

/ˈfəʊsɪən/, U.S.

/ˈfoʊsiən/

Forms: late Middle English–1600s Phocean, 1500s Phocayan, 1500s– Phocian.

Origin: Either (i) from a proper name, combined with an English element. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Phōcis , -ian suffix; Latin Phōciī , -an suffix.

Etymology: Either < classical Latin Phōcis (ancient Greek Φωκίς), the name of Phocis, a state in ancient Greece + -ian suffix, or < classical Latin Phōciī inhabitants of Phocis + -an suffix.Old English Focense , Focenses Phocians ( < classical Latin Phōcēnsēs ; compare post-classical Latin Focenses ), occur as ethnonyms in the Old English translation of Orosius Hist. With forms in -ean compare -ean suffix. The form Phocayan is perhaps by confusion with Phocaean n. or perhaps after classical Latin Phocaeus (adjective) of Phocis.

Ancient Greek History.

A. n.

A native or inhabitant of Phocis, a small state in the centre of Ancient Greece.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of ancient or medieval Europe > ancient Greeks and neighbours > [noun] > native or inhabitant of states, regions, or cities

Thebienc1374

Spartiatec1384

myrmidonc1425

Spartanc1425

Phocianc1487

Argive?1532

Locrian1536

Locrensian1542

Achaean1550

Mantinean1550

Mytilenean1550

Tegeate1584

Pylian1585

Epidaurian?1589

Thessalian1608

Olympian1609

Sicyonian1642

Samothracian1653

Dorian1662

Attic1699

Tegean1709

c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica i. 57 In Boecia the streme callyd Cifissus that cometh fro the Phoceans [MS Thophoceans; L. a phoceis, Gk. ἐκ τῶν Φωκέων].

1550 T. Nicolls tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War f. C.xv^v His enterprise was discouered by an [sic] Phocian, named Nichomachus [Fr. vng Phocien nommeé Nicomachus, Gk. Νικομάχου ἀνδρὸς Φωκέως].

1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. xl. f. 110 Euen to the Mountaines of Thomao and Pindus, he subiugated the Phocians.

1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) xi. f. 141 Commes ronning thither all in haste and almost out of breth Anætor the Phocayan [L. Phoceus Onetor] who was Pelyes herdman.

1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion x. Illustr. 168 A Colony of Phocians.

1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. II. ii. 55 The first cause of the rupture, (which was afterwards called the Sacred War) arose from the Phocians having ploughed up a piece of ground belonging to the temple of Apollo at Delphos.

1797 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 615/1 The Phocians afterwards formed themselves into a commonwealth.

a1831 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) IX. 617/2 The Amphictyonic council..found themselves induced to impose on the Phocians a heavy fine for their impiety.

1896 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 16 293 The Phocians resorted to the device of burying and covering up large jars for the entanglement of the Thessalian cavalry.

1968 V. Ehrenberg From Solon to Socrates 419 The Phocians heard the rustling of the leaves under the feet of the Persians before they could see them.

1998 Harvard Stud. Classical Philol. 98 61 The West-Greek-speaking Phocians and Locrians who separated the two groups in Classical times.

B. adj.

Of or relating to Phocis or its inhabitants.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Greece > [adjective] > regions of Greece

Macedonc1450

Olympian1523

Ionian?1556

Macedonian1556

Achaean1567

Peloponnesian1569

Molossian1587

Thessalian1594

Thracian1594

Olympic1597

Argive1598

Attic1599

isthmian1603

Pharsalian1605

Aonian1607

Attical1610

Phocian1614

Messenianc1615

Marathonian1623

Bœotic1851

Athoan1869

Thraco-Illyrian1931

Athonite1963

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of ancient or medieval Europe > ancient Greeks and neighbours > [adjective] > states, regions, and cities

Doric1569

philippic1569

Spartan1582

Dorical1592

Epidaurian1608

Phocian1614

Dorian1662

Mytilenean1724

Samothracian1803

Sicyonian1887

1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia v. 174 A garland greene of Laurell dight, With Phocian [L. Phocaica] vaile of lawne pure white.

1649 C. Wase Electra 51 Who to the Phocian lands Convey'd me secretly, sent by your order.

1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. II. ii. 72 Philip..went on, according to his agreement with the Thebans, to put an end to the Phocian war.

1790 W. Mitford Hist. Greece II. xiv. 160 Not only Delphi was again brought under Lacedæmonian influence, but the Phocian people were gained to the Lacedæmonian interest.

a1831 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) IX. 618/2 Philomelus, the Phocian general, was succeeded by Onomarchus.

1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece V. 269 It was with no more than 1000 Phocian peltasts.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 448/2 The Dorian population of Delphi..induced a coalition of Greek states to proclaim a ‘Sacred War’ and free the oracle from Phocian supervision.

1995 E. M. Harris Aeschines & Athenian Politics 54 It is also crucial to note that Aeschines does not place his account of the Phocian refusal in his narrative of events that culminated in the decision to send the First Embassy.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	phocian
释义	Phociann.adj. Brit. /ˈfəʊʃɪən/, /ˈfəʊsɪən/, U.S. /ˈfoʊsiən/ Forms: late Middle English–1600s Phocean, 1500s Phocayan, 1500s– Phocian. Origin: Either (i) from a proper name, combined with an English element. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Phōcis , -ian suffix; Latin Phōciī , -an suffix. Etymology: Either < classical Latin Phōcis (ancient Greek Φωκίς), the name of Phocis, a state in ancient Greece + -ian suffix, or < classical Latin Phōciī inhabitants of Phocis + -an suffix.Old English Focense , Focenses Phocians ( < classical Latin Phōcēnsēs ; compare post-classical Latin Focenses ), occur as ethnonyms in the Old English translation of Orosius Hist. With forms in -ean compare -ean suffix. The form Phocayan is perhaps by confusion with Phocaean n. or perhaps after classical Latin Phocaeus (adjective) of Phocis. Ancient Greek History. A. n. A native or inhabitant of Phocis, a small state in the centre of Ancient Greece. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of ancient or medieval Europe > ancient Greeks and neighbours > [noun] > native or inhabitant of states, regions, or cities Thebienc1374 Spartiatec1384 myrmidonc1425 Spartanc1425 Phocianc1487 Argive?1532 Locrian1536 Locrensian1542 Achaean1550 Mantinean1550 Mytilenean1550 Tegeate1584 Pylian1585 Epidaurian?1589 Thessalian1608 Olympian1609 Sicyonian1642 Samothracian1653 Dorian1662 Attic1699 Tegean1709 c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica i. 57 In Boecia the streme callyd Cifissus that cometh fro the Phoceans [MS Thophoceans; L. a phoceis, Gk. ἐκ τῶν Φωκέων]. 1550 T. Nicolls tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War f. C.xv^v His enterprise was discouered by an [sic] Phocian, named Nichomachus [Fr. vng Phocien nommeé Nicomachus, Gk. Νικομάχου ἀνδρὸς Φωκέως]. 1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. xl. f. 110 Euen to the Mountaines of Thomao and Pindus, he subiugated the Phocians. 1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) xi. f. 141 Commes ronning thither all in haste and almost out of breth Anætor the Phocayan [L. Phoceus Onetor] who was Pelyes herdman. 1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion x. Illustr. 168 A Colony of Phocians. 1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. II. ii. 55 The first cause of the rupture, (which was afterwards called the Sacred War) arose from the Phocians having ploughed up a piece of ground belonging to the temple of Apollo at Delphos. 1797 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 615/1 The Phocians afterwards formed themselves into a commonwealth. a1831 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) IX. 617/2 The Amphictyonic council..found themselves induced to impose on the Phocians a heavy fine for their impiety. 1896 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 16 293 The Phocians resorted to the device of burying and covering up large jars for the entanglement of the Thessalian cavalry. 1968 V. Ehrenberg From Solon to Socrates 419 The Phocians heard the rustling of the leaves under the feet of the Persians before they could see them. 1998 Harvard Stud. Classical Philol. 98 61 The West-Greek-speaking Phocians and Locrians who separated the two groups in Classical times. B. adj. Of or relating to Phocis or its inhabitants. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Greece > [adjective] > regions of Greece Macedonc1450 Olympian1523 Ionian?1556 Macedonian1556 Achaean1567 Peloponnesian1569 Molossian1587 Thessalian1594 Thracian1594 Olympic1597 Argive1598 Attic1599 isthmian1603 Pharsalian1605 Aonian1607 Attical1610 Phocian1614 Messenianc1615 Marathonian1623 Bœotic1851 Athoan1869 Thraco-Illyrian1931 Athonite1963 the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of ancient or medieval Europe > ancient Greeks and neighbours > [adjective] > states, regions, and cities Doric1569 philippic1569 Spartan1582 Dorical1592 Epidaurian1608 Phocian1614 Dorian1662 Mytilenean1724 Samothracian1803 Sicyonian1887 1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia v. 174 A garland greene of Laurell dight, With Phocian [L. Phocaica] vaile of lawne pure white. 1649 C. Wase Electra 51 Who to the Phocian lands Convey'd me secretly, sent by your order. 1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. II. ii. 72 Philip..went on, according to his agreement with the Thebans, to put an end to the Phocian war. 1790 W. Mitford Hist. Greece II. xiv. 160 Not only Delphi was again brought under Lacedæmonian influence, but the Phocian people were gained to the Lacedæmonian interest. a1831 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) IX. 618/2 Philomelus, the Phocian general, was succeeded by Onomarchus. 1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece V. 269 It was with no more than 1000 Phocian peltasts. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 448/2 The Dorian population of Delphi..induced a coalition of Greek states to proclaim a ‘Sacred War’ and free the oracle from Phocian supervision. 1995 E. M. Harris Aeschines & Athenian Politics 54 It is also crucial to note that Aeschines does not place his account of the Phocian refusal in his narrative of events that culminated in the decision to send the First Embassy. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.c1487
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