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单词 phocian
释义

Phociann.adj.

Brit. /ˈfəʊʃɪən/, /ˈfəʊsɪən/, U.S. /ˈfoʊsiən/
Forms: late Middle English–1600s Phocean, 1500s Phocayan, 1500s– Phocian.
Origin: Either (i) from a proper name, combined with an English element. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Phōcis , -ian suffix; Latin Phōciī , -an suffix.
Etymology: Either < classical Latin Phōcis (ancient Greek Φωκίς), the name of Phocis, a state in ancient Greece + -ian suffix, or < classical Latin Phōciī inhabitants of Phocis + -an suffix.Old English Focense , Focenses Phocians ( < classical Latin Phōcēnsēs ; compare post-classical Latin Focenses ), occur as ethnonyms in the Old English translation of Orosius Hist. With forms in -ean compare -ean suffix. The form Phocayan is perhaps by confusion with Phocaean n. or perhaps after classical Latin Phocaeus (adjective) of Phocis.
Ancient Greek History.
A. n.
A native or inhabitant of Phocis, a small state in the centre of Ancient Greece.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of ancient or medieval Europe > ancient Greeks and neighbours > [noun] > native or inhabitant of states, regions, or cities
Thebienc1374
Spartiatec1384
myrmidonc1425
Spartanc1425
Phocianc1487
Argive?1532
Locrian1536
Locrensian1542
Achaean1550
Mantinean1550
Mytilenean1550
Tegeate1584
Pylian1585
Epidaurian?1589
Thessalian1608
Olympian1609
Sicyonian1642
Samothracian1653
Dorian1662
Attic1699
Tegean1709
c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica i. 57 In Boecia the streme callyd Cifissus that cometh fro the Phoceans [MS Thophoceans; L. a phoceis, Gk. ἐκ τῶν Φωκέων].
1550 T. Nicolls tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War f. C.xvv His enterprise was discouered by an [sic] Phocian, named Nichomachus [Fr. vng Phocien nommeé Nicomachus, Gk. Νικομάχου ἀνδρὸς Φωκέως].
1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. xl. f. 110 Euen to the Mountaines of Thomao and Pindus, he subiugated the Phocians.
1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) xi. f. 141 Commes ronning thither all in haste and almost out of breth Anætor the Phocayan [L. Phoceus Onetor] who was Pelyes herdman.
1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion x. Illustr. 168 A Colony of Phocians.
1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. II. ii. 55 The first cause of the rupture, (which was afterwards called the Sacred War) arose from the Phocians having ploughed up a piece of ground belonging to the temple of Apollo at Delphos.
1797 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 615/1 The Phocians afterwards formed themselves into a commonwealth.
a1831 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) IX. 617/2 The Amphictyonic council..found themselves induced to impose on the Phocians a heavy fine for their impiety.
1896 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 16 293 The Phocians resorted to the device of burying and covering up large jars for the entanglement of the Thessalian cavalry.
1968 V. Ehrenberg From Solon to Socrates 419 The Phocians heard the rustling of the leaves under the feet of the Persians before they could see them.
1998 Harvard Stud. Classical Philol. 98 61 The West-Greek-speaking Phocians and Locrians who separated the two groups in Classical times.
B. adj.
Of or relating to Phocis or its inhabitants.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Greece > [adjective] > regions of Greece
Macedonc1450
Olympian1523
Ionian?1556
Macedonian1556
Achaean1567
Peloponnesian1569
Molossian1587
Thessalian1594
Thracian1594
Olympic1597
Argive1598
Attic1599
isthmian1603
Pharsalian1605
Aonian1607
Attical1610
Phocian1614
Messenianc1615
Marathonian1623
Bœotic1851
Athoan1869
Thraco-Illyrian1931
Athonite1963
the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of ancient or medieval Europe > ancient Greeks and neighbours > [adjective] > states, regions, and cities
Doric1569
philippic1569
Spartan1582
Dorical1592
Epidaurian1608
Phocian1614
Dorian1662
Mytilenean1724
Samothracian1803
Sicyonian1887
1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia v. 174 A garland greene of Laurell dight, With Phocian [L. Phocaica] vaile of lawne pure white.
1649 C. Wase Electra 51 Who to the Phocian lands Convey'd me secretly, sent by your order.
1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. II. ii. 72 Philip..went on, according to his agreement with the Thebans, to put an end to the Phocian war.
1790 W. Mitford Hist. Greece II. xiv. 160 Not only Delphi was again brought under Lacedæmonian influence, but the Phocian people were gained to the Lacedæmonian interest.
a1831 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) IX. 618/2 Philomelus, the Phocian general, was succeeded by Onomarchus.
1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece V. 269 It was with no more than 1000 Phocian peltasts.
1911 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 448/2 The Dorian population of Delphi..induced a coalition of Greek states to proclaim a ‘Sacred War’ and free the oracle from Phocian supervision.
1995 E. M. Harris Aeschines & Athenian Politics 54 It is also crucial to note that Aeschines does not place his account of the Phocian refusal in his narrative of events that culminated in the decision to send the First Embassy.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.c1487
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