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单词 pheasant
释义

pheasantn.

Brit. /ˈfɛznt/, U.S. /ˈfɛznt/
Forms:

α. Middle English feisaunt, Middle English fesannte, Middle English fesantt, Middle English fesauns (plural), Middle English fesauntt, Middle English fesawant, Middle English fesawnt, Middle English fesinitz (plural), Middle English feysan, Middle English feysaunt, Middle English fezaunte, Middle English–1500s fesande, Middle English–1500s fesante, Middle English–1500s fesaund, Middle English–1500s fesaunde, Middle English–1500s fesaunt, Middle English–1500s fesaunte, Middle English–1600s fesant, 1500s faisant, 1500s faysanne, 1500s fayssant, 1500s feasand, 1500s feasaunt, 1500s feasaunte, 1500s feisant, 1500s fesan, 1500s fesaunce (plural), 1500s fessaunt, 1500s feysand, 1500s feysande, 1500s feysant, 1500s–1600s feasant, 1500s–1600s fezant, 1600s feasan, 1600s feazent; English regional 1600s vezen (southern), 1800s fezen, 1800s– fezzan; Scottish pre-1700 fasand, pre-1700 fasiane, pre-1700 fesand, 1700s feasine, 1800s– feesant; Irish English (northern) 1900s– faishin, 1900s– faysan, 1900s– faysant, 1900s– fazian, 1900s– fesan; N.E.D. (1906) also records forms Middle English feysaunce (plural), Middle English feysaund.

β. Middle English–1700s phesant, 1500s pheasante, 1500s pheasaunt, 1500s pheasaunte, 1500s phesante, 1500s phesaunt, 1500s–1600s pheazant, 1500s– pheasant, 1600s phaisant, 1600s phasiant, 1600s pheason, 1600s pheisant, 1600s pheysant; Scottish pre-1700 phasene, pre-1700 phasiane, pre-1700 phesand, pre-1700 phesane, pre-1700 phesine, 1900s– pheasan', 1900s– pheesan; also Irish English (northern) 1800s phaisian, 1900s– phaisan.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French fesant, faisant.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman fesant, fesante, fesaunt, fesaunte, feisaunt, pheasant, pheysaun and Old French faisant, feisant, fesaunt, faissan (late 12th cent., chiefly northern; Middle French faisant , French faisan ) < (perhaps via Old Occitan faisan (second half of the 13th cent.; Occitan faisan )) classical Latin phāsiānus (late 2nd or early 3rd cent. a.d.; compare note below) < ancient Greek ϕασιανός , use as noun (short for ϕασιανὸς ὄρνις : see ornitho- comb. form) of ϕασανός of or relating to the river Phasis < Φᾶσις , the name of a river in Colchis (now the Rion in Georgia) and of a town on its estuary, whence the pheasant is said to have spread into the west + -ανος -an suffix. Compare Catalan faisà (14th cent.), Spanish faisán (1300–5), Italian fagiano (a1294). Compare also Old High German fasan (Middle High German fasant, fasān, German Fasan), Middle Dutch fasaen, also faysant (Dutch fazant, †fasaan), Swedish fasan (1563 as fassan; also †fasant), all ultimately of Romance origin.The final -t is probably an Old French development, showing analogical remodelling of the morphological pattern -anz :-an after words with -anz :-ant . Compare tyrant n., romaunt n., and also -ant suffix3. In forms in -ia- apparently after classical Latin phāsiānus. In classical Latin the feminine form phāsiāna (short for phāsiāna avis Phasian bird) is more common. For earlier currency of the Latin bird name (and also the bird) in Britain compare:1059 Inventory Santæ Crucis apud Waltham (1861) 16 Unicuique canonico..ii. perdices aut unus phasianus.
1.
a. Any of numerous large, long-tailed game birds of the subfamily Phasianinae (family Phasianidae), native to Asia, the males of which typically have showy plumage while the females are plainer and often brown; spec. (also common pheasant; see also ring-necked pheasant n. at ring-necked adj. Compounds) Phasianus colchicus, extensively introduced in western Europe, North America, and elsewhere for hunting, the male of which typically has a dark green head with scarlet wattles and (in some populations) a white collar.Argus, blood, peacock, silver pheasant, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > [noun] > general or unspecified member
pheasantc1299
partridgec1300
quail1625
Lady Amherst's pheasant1844
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > [noun] > genus Phasianus > phasianus colchicus (pheasant)
pheasantc1299
ring pheasant1777
swish-tail1796
ring-neck1825
Colchian pheasant1862
Mongolian pheasant1903
Mongolian1909
Kyrgyz pheasant1922
α.
c1299 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 498 (MED) Uno fesaund empt.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 183 Wiþ fesauns & feldfares and oþer foules grete.
c1430 (c1380) G. Chaucer Parl. Fowls 357 The fesaunt, skornere of the cok by nyghte.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) iv. 124 Dyverse pertryches and feysauntes.
a1500 Sir Orfeo (Harl.) (1966) 296 Of game they fonde grete haunt, Fesaunt, heron, and cormerant.
c1530 A. Barclay Egloges ii. sig. Kij v The crane, the fesant, the pecocke & curlewe.
1535 Bp. J. Fisher Wks. (1876) 370 It is a more goodly beinge..of a goodly Fesaund.
1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. i. ii. f. 75/1 Of chyckens, of hennes, of capons, of faysannes.
1588 T. Kyd tr. T. Tasso Housholders Philos. f. 5 For the desire of Feisants or Partrich.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 39 Sumthing les than the fasiane.
1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 321 Patridges and Feasants are common.
1697 View Penal Laws 122 None shall take Fesants or Partridges with Engins.
1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Fezzan, a pheasant.
β. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. 2223 (MED) A Phesant cam before here yhe.1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 254/1 Phesaunt a byrde, faisant.1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1892) 268 The Phesant and Partridg.a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iv. 744 I haue no Pheazant Cock, nor Hen. View more context for this quotation1635 T. Heywood Hierarchie Blessed Angells i. Comm. 41 Figured like a Wood-hen or shee-pheasant.a1653 G. Daniel Landskip in Idyllia 5 Fame, a peircht Phaisant and the Quest of Kings, Keepes her at Bay.a1657 G. Daniel Poems (1878) II. 37 Fair as the Phasiant.1747 G. Edwards Nat. Hist. Birds II. 69 I have three Sorts of Chinese Cock Pheasants, and the Hens of two of them.1753 T. Gray Long Story in Six Poems 17 A wicked imp..Bewitch'd the children of the peasants,..And suck'd the eggs, and kill'd the pheasants.1806 P. Hawker Diary I. 4 4 brace of pheasants.1873 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ Wooin' o't xxvii She enjoyed occasionally startling a pheasant as it rose with a sudden whirr.1911 J. London Burning Daylight 171 It was more like slaughtering fat, hand-reared pheasants on the English preserves.1994 Outdoor Canada Mar. 36/3 Biologists also listen for..the crowing of cock pheasants and the whistle of the male bobwhite quail.2002 Outdoor Life Feb. 68/2 In Pennsylvania the quarry is pheasants, in Michigan more ruffs and woodcock.
b. Any of various birds related to the pheasants or resembling them, esp. in having long tails; spec. (a) North American any of various grouse, esp. the ruffed grouse, Bonasa umbellus; (b) South African any of various francolins; (c) Australian a lyrebird; (d) Australian = pheasant coucal n. at Compounds 2; (e) Australian the mallee fowl, Leipoa ocellata. (f) British regional the reedling, Panurus biarmicus.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Tetraonidae (grouse) > [noun] > genus Tympanuchus > tympanuchus cupido (prairie-chicken)
pheasant1625
mountain cock1791
prairie fowl1804
prairie hen1804
prairie cock1805
pinnated grouse1811
chicken1812
prairie chicken1832
prairie grouse1851
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Tetraonidae (grouse) > [noun] > genus Bonasa > bonasa umbellus (ruffled grouse)
partridge1578
pheasant1766
birch partridge1823
white flesher1827
ruffled grouse1850
willow grouse1850
pat1933
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > [noun] > member of genus Francolinus
francolin1594
red-necked partridge1783
partridge1785
pheasant1785
red-necked francolin1819
Natal francolin1860
red-necked pheasant1867
redwing partridge1867
redwing1878
red-necked spurfowl1952
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > [noun] > member of Megapodidae (mound-builder) > leipoa ocellata (mallee fowl)
lowan1847
mallee bird1849
mallee hen1862
pheasant1893
mallee fowl1901
1625 W. Morrell New-Eng. 15 The Fowles that in those Bayes and Harbours feede..Are Swans and Geese, Herne, Phesants, Duck & Crane.
1637 T. Morton New Eng. Canaan ii. iv. 70 A kinde of fowles which are commonly called Pheisants, but whether they be pheysants or no, I will not take upon mee, to determine.
1752 J. Robson Acct. Six Years Resid. Hudson's-Bay 12 The hunters and trappers shoot partridges, pheasants, and other game for the subsistence of the factory.
1766 W. Stork Acct. E.-Florida 51 The pheasant is in size like the European, its plumage like that of our partridge.
1785 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman Voy. Cape Good Hope I. iv. 153 I found here two new species of the genus of tetrao, one of which is called partridge and the other pheasant: either sort being nearly of the size of our partridges.
1798 D. Collins Acct. Eng. Colony New S. Wales (1802) II. 88 A few birds which, from the length of the tail feathers, they denominated pheasants.
1805 Z. M. Pike Acct. Exped. Sources Mississippi (1810) 31 Killed three prairie hens, and two pheasants.
1837 N. Polson Subaltern's Sick Leave v. 119 There is also a bird, general all over the Colony, styled ‘pheasant’, though about as like a pheasant of England as a Dutch Boer is to a Bond-street exquisite.
1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha v. 66 He..Heard the pheasant, Bena, drumming.
1883 C. F. Adams in T. Morton's N. Eng. Canaan 194 (note) The Pheasant of Morton and other early writers has been supposed by ornithologists to be the Prairie Hen or Pinnated Grouse (Cupidonia cupido).
1885 C. Swainson Provincial Names Brit. Birds 31 Bearded titmouse... Reed pheasant, or simply, pheasant (Norfolk).
1893 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. II 541 Known in England as the Mallee-bird, but to the colonists as Lowan and ‘Native Pheasant’—the Lipoa ocellata.
1896 R. Wallace Farming Industries Cape Colony i. 15 No true pheasant..is found in Africa... Several species of francolins belonging to the same family..are known as pheasants.
1928 B. Spencer Wanderings in Wild Austral. 551 We came across the Coucal, which is really a cuckoo, but quite unlike most of these in appearance. It is commonly called a ‘pheasant’ because the male bird has a long, black, arching tail.
1951 D. Collins Vic.'s my Home Ground 136 He had a bushman's turn for a phrase, and lyrebirds were pheasants to him.
1970 Standard Encycl. Southern Afr. II. 345/1 Most of the birds of the open veld are well camouflaged, for example the pheasants, partridges and quails, the bustards and korhaans.
2. A pheasant or its flesh used as food.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > game > [noun] > flesh of game birds > specific game birds
partridgec1330
pheasantc1330
grouse1786
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 3121 (MED) Of fesaunce, pertris, & of crane Þer was plente.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xv. 455 He fedde hem with no venysoun ne fesauntes ybake.
a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 23 (MED) For to boyle fesawantes and pertryks.
1539 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 29 b Fesaunt excedeth all fowles in swetenesse and holsomnesse.
1598 Chaucers Dreame in T. Speght Wks. G. Chaucer f. 357/1 The second apple..You nourishes in pleasaunce Better than Partridge or Fesaunce.
1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 231 One past makes up the prince and peasan, Though one eat rootes, the other feasan.
1682 N. Tate & J. Dryden 2nd Pt. Absalom & Achitophel 15 To what wou'd he on Quail and Pheasant swell, That ev'n on Tripe and Carrion cou'd rebell?
1871 M. Collins Marquis & Merchant I. ix. 275 I should like a broiled pheasant.
1994 Minnesota Monthly Dec. 81/2 Richard directs the kitchen staff in creating seasonal menu items, such as pheasant with apple and sausage dressing.
3. sea-pheasant: see sea pheasant n.

Compounds

C1.
pheasant driving n.
ΚΠ
1892 W. W. Greener Breech-loader 224 Pheasant-driving is pursued..for the object of obtaining sporting shots.
1998 Forestry & Brit. Timber (Nexis) Nov. 10 Gamekeepers complain that it also hinders pheasant driving and that birds falling foul of that fencing are easy prey for foxes and dogs.
† pheasant-mew n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1829 Sporting Mag. 23 392 A county..which..has degenerated..into a mere hare-warren and pheasant-mew.
pheasant-plumed adj.
ΚΠ
1850 D. J. Browne Amer. Poultry Yard 41 The dark pheasant-plumed breed, both of Bantams and common poultry.
2002 Sunday Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 20 Oct. 10 An understated..bronze, lizard-inspired suit, teamed with a..pheasant-plumed hat.
pheasant poult n.
ΚΠ
1579 E. Hake Newes out of Powles Churchyarde newly Renued iv. sig. D2v Fat Pheasaunt Powt, and Plouer base for them that after come.
1708 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais Wks. (1737) iv. lix. 243 Phesants, and Phesant poots.
1976 Western Mail (Cardiff) 27 Nov. 9/5 The protection of pheasant poults from predators.
pheasant-shooting n.
ΚΠ
1811 L. Hunt in Examiner 7 July 418/1 The grave Doctors could hardly have ventured to compliment him..on his great prowess in pheasant-shooting.
1989 L. H. C. Kennedy On my Way to Club (1990) (BNC) There was..grouse-shooting in the autumn and pheasant-shooting in the winter.
C2.
pheasant cock n. a male pheasant.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > [noun] > genus Phasianus > phasianus colchicus (pheasant) > male
pheasant cock1324
1324 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 168 (MED) Fesant henne ant fesant cocke.
a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 36 (MED) Þo fesaunt kok, but not þo henne.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §852 The Pea~cocke, and Phesant-Cocke, and Gold-Finch-Cocke, have glorious and fine Colours.
1979 T. Hughes Moortown 95 The pheasant cock's glare-cry.
pheasant colour n. a rich golden brown.
ΚΠ
1588 in J. M. Bestall & D. V. Fowkes Chesterfield Wills & Inventories 1521–1603 (1977) 203 9 yeards pewcke..9 yeards feasand collare..3 yeards feasand culare..towe yeards skye carsie.
1850 D. J. Browne Amer. Poultry Yard 42 The beauty of the breed is with the hens, which are of a pheasant-color in all parts of the body, with a velvety-black neck.
1967 Times 6 Oct. 2 (advt.) Country suit, jacket has centre vent. Pheasant colour.
pheasant-coloured adj. of a rich golden brown.
ΚΠ
1864 R. Jennings Sheep, Swine, & Poultry 347 They [sc. Mexican hen-cocks] are generally pheasant-colored, with occasional changes in plumage from a light yellow to a dark gray.
1990 Guardian (Nexis) 10 Mar. Tipping her head backwards and pouring her windblown grey hair into a pheasant-coloured headscarf.
pheasant coucal n. a coucal, Centropus phasianinus, of New Guinea and northern Australia, which resembles a pheasant in having brown wings and a long brown tail.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Cuculiformes (cuckoos, etc.) > [noun] > family Cuculidae > member of genus Centropus (coucal) > centropus phasianus (pheasant-coucal)
pheasant coucal1801
pheasant cuckoo1827
swamp pheasant1847
1801 J. Latham Gen. Synopsis Birds Suppl. II. 137 Pheasant C[oucal]. This is a beautiful species..the whole of the back and wings varied with rufous, yellow, brown, and black, somewhat similar to a Pheasant or Woodcock.
1944 A. Russell Bush Ways ii. 17 The cuckoos, with the single exception of the pheasant-coucal, build no nests of their own.
1995 Amer. Naturalist 145 310 Large carnivores (raptors and the pheasant coucal..) are omitted from these analyses because, as a group, they appear to behave quite differently.
pheasant cuckoo n. now rare = pheasant coucal n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Cuculiformes (cuckoos, etc.) > [noun] > family Cuculidae > member of genus Centropus (coucal) > centropus phasianus (pheasant-coucal)
pheasant coucal1801
pheasant cuckoo1827
swamp pheasant1847
1827 P. P. King Narr. Surv. Intertropical & Western Coasts Austral. II. 8 Several black cockatoos and the pheasant cuckoo were seen.
1846 J. L. Stokes Discov. Austral. I. vi. 125 I enjoyed some very fair sport; especially with the pheasant-cuckoo.
1999 Conservation Biol. 13 89/2 None of the three forest-dwelling terrestrial insectivores that disappeared during the 1970s or 1980s (Pheasant Cuckoo.., Ocellated Antbird.., and Spectacled Antpitta..) had recolonized the island.
pheasant-duck n. U.S. regional (eastern) (a) the pintail, Anas acuta (cf. sea pheasant n. 2); (b) U.S. a merganser.
ΚΠ
1815 Trans. N.Y. Lit. & Philos. Soc. 1 134 Latham says, that the American widgeon, (anas Americana,) or pheasant duck, as it is called at New-York, has been domesticated.
1888 G. Trumbull Names & Portraits Birds 74 At Morehead, N.C., [the hooded merganser is called] pheasant duck, and more commonly pheasant.
1982 R. Elman Hunter's Field Guide 156 Pintail... Common & regional names..pheasant-duck, water pheasant [etc.].
pheasant-finch n. rare the common African waxbill, Estrilda astrild.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΚΠ
1890 Cent. Dict. 4440/2 Pheasant-finch, an African astrild, Astrilda undulata: so called from its general figure and coloration.
pheasant grouse n. now rare any of certain long-tailed game birds, esp. the North American sharp-tailed grouse, Tympanuchus phasianellus.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Tetraonidae (grouse) > [noun] > genus Tympanuchus > tympanuchus phasianellus (pintail)
pheasant grouse1772
chicken1812
pintail1879
1772 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 62 396 The native Indians call these pheasant grouses.
1871 C. Darwin Descent of Man ii. xiv. 101 The black-cock, capercailzie, pheasant-grouse..are, as is believed, polygamists.
1912 Geogr. Jrnl. 39 346 (note) Other rare species are Lord Derby's parroquet..and Széchenyi's pheasant grouse (Petroophasis szechenyii).
pheasant hen n. a female pheasant.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > [noun] > genus Phasianus > phasianus colchicus (pheasant) > female
pheasant hen1324
1324 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 168 (MED) Fesant henne ant fesant cocke.
1772 S. Neville Diary 16 Oct. (1950) viii. 182 Shot 7 or 8 times, killed only a pheasant hen.
1996 Biometrics 52 243 Fuller..used the variance ratio method to estimate the relationship between spring and autumn counts of pheasant hens in the state of Iowa.
pheasant Malay n. a tall, long-tailed variety of domestic fowl.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > genus Gallus (domestic fowl) > [noun] > types of > Malayan
Chittagong1816
Malay1816
Malay fowl1838
pheasant Malay1850
Malayan fowl1885
1850 D. J. Browne Amer. Poultry Yard 28 The cross between the pheasant-Malay and the Spanish produces a particularly handsome fowl.
1864 R. Jennings Sheep, Swine, & Poultry 356 The Pheasant Malay. This variety is highly valued by many..because it is believed to be a cross between the pheasant and the common fowl.
1993 Weekly Times (Melbourne) (Nexis) 24 Feb. Indian Game are classified as heavy fowl of British origin. However, the breed changed considerably with the introduction of the Pheasant Malay.
pheasant tail n. Angling a type of artificial fly used chiefly for trout fishing, made using a tail feather of a pheasant.
ΚΠ
1925 Times 9 Apr. 5/4 The trout took them well, but liked the dainty ‘pheasant tail’ even better.
1975 V. Canning Kingston Mark x. 165 He had fished this river..throwing a small pheasant-tail fly to..a rising trout.
2003 Santa Fe New Mexican (Nexis) 22 May c2 The fishing is good on the Upper Pecos using bead-head Pheasant Tails, Copper John Barrs, Elk-Hair Caddis and spinners for trout.
pheasant-tailed adj. having a tail resembling that of a pheasant; spec. (a) Australian designating a long-tailed cuckoo-dove of the east coast of Australia, Macropygia amboinensis, which is brown with paler underparts; (b) designating a long-tailed jacana of South-East Asia, Hydrophasianus chirurgus.
ΚΠ
1844 J. Gould Birds Austral. (1848) V. Pl. 75 From what I could personally observe during my residence in New South Wales, the Pheasant-tailed Pigeon resorts entirely to the brushes.
1889 Cent. Dict. at Jacana The pheasant-tailed jacana of India, Hydrophasianus chirurgus..has a very long tail.
1943 C. Barrett Austral. Animal Bk. 157 The white-headed pigeon..and the ‘brownie’, or pheasant-tailed pigeon..belong to the wood-pigeon family.
1991 C. Willock Kingdoms of East (BNC) 95 The male pheasant-tailed jacana takes over once the eggs are laid and broods them.
pheasant wood n. = partridge-wood n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > woods of leguminous trees
rosewood1660
partridge-wood1830
pyinkado1832
partridge cane1843
pheasant wood1852
koko1862
itaka-wood1866
queenwood1873
muninga1888
bubinga1912
sucupira1924
wenge1963
1852 C. Tomlinson Cycl. Useful Arts (1854) I. Introd. p. cxxi Ebony, mahogany, pheasant-wood, rosewood.
1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants Pheasant-wood, another name for Partridge-wood.
1971 F. H. Titmuss Commerc. Timbers of World (ed. 4) 49 It [sc. angelin] may be known in this country as ‘partridge wood’ and in the United States as ‘pheasant wood’.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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