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单词 physeter
释义

physetern.

Brit. /fʌɪˈsiːtə/, U.S. /faɪˈsidər/
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin phȳsētēr.
Etymology: < classical Latin phȳsētēr a kind of whale (Seneca, Pliny) < ancient Greek ϕυσητήρ instrument for blowing, in Hellenistic Greek also a kind of whale < ϕυσᾶν to blow (see physcony n.) + -τήρ, suffix forming agent nouns. Compare Middle French physetere (1552 in Rabelais; French physétère).
1.
a. Any of various whales noted for spouting. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > [noun] > unspecified and miscellaneous types of
huddon?c1370
whirlpoolc1450
thirlepollc1460
physeter1581
whirl-about1605
whirl-whale1606
thurlhead1610
black whale1615
blackfish1688
bonefish1752
pollack1774
Algerine1849
sea-boar1859
oil-butt1937
1581 J. Studley tr. Seneca Hippolytus iv, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 71 It spewes the waters out, As doth Physeter fish.
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. v. 148 When on the Surges I perceaue from farre, Th' Ork, Whirle-poole, Whale, or huffing Physeter.
1668 W. Charleton Onomasticon Zoicon 167 Balæna Physeter..the puffing, or spouting Whale.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Physeter, the Whirl-pool, puffing or spouting Whale.
1786 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 76 444 These bones belonged to physeteres or respiring fishes.
b. spec. A toothed whale of the genus Physeter (family Physeteridae), which now includes only the sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus. Now only: (in form Physeter) the genus itself.Valid publication as a genus name: Linnaeus Syst. Nat. (ed. 10, 1758) I. 76.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > suborder Odontoceti > [noun] > family Physeteridae > genus Physeter (sperm whale)
trumpa1625
spermaceti whale1658
pot-walfish1694
parmacety1705
pot-fish1744
cachalot1747
physeter1753
sperm whale1839
sperm1840
macrocephalus1851
greyhead1859
physeteroid1876
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. The physeter with the upper jaw longer than the under one... The head of this fish is so large, that it is half as long as the body, and thicker than the thickest part of it.
1793 Nat. Hist. Birds, Fish, Insects & Reptiles III. 303 Cetaceous Fish. This division comprehends three genera; 1. The Whale. 2. The Cachalot, Physeter, or Spermaceti Whale. 3. The Dolphin.
1807 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 97 100 The oil of the physeter, which crystallizes into spermaceti.
1833 C. Bell Hand (1834) 298 The Physeter or cachelot whale..is remarkable for having teeth.
1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick xxxii. 149 This whale, among the English of old vaguely known as the Trumpa whale, and the Physeter whale, and the Anvil Headed whale, is the present Cachalot of the French.
1991 R. M. Nowak Walker's Mammals of World (ed. 5) II. 1021/1 Physeter is the only cetacean with a gullet large enough to swallow a man.
2. A filtering apparatus for liquids, in which a partial vacuum is created on one side of the filter, causing liquid to be forced through the filter from the other side by air pressure. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > filtering or percolating > [noun] > filter or percolator > others
filter bed1828
physeter1842
sack-filter1875
biofilter1936
permeator1975
1842 G. W. Francis Dict. Arts Physeter, a filtering machine, consisting of a tub, with an air-tight perforated stage half~way up. The feculent liquid to be filtered is put above the stage, and a syringe, by withdrawing the air from below the stage, occasions the clear part of the liquid to pass through, owing to the pressure of the atmosphere above it.

Derivatives

physeterine adj. and n. [compare scientific Latin †Physeterina (Gray 1825), Physeterinae (Flower 1867)] Obsolete rare (a) adj. of, relating to, or resembling a sperm whale; spec. of or relating to a subfamily Physeterinae including the sperm whale; (b) n. a sperm whale.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΚΠ
1890 Cent. Dict. Physeterine, a. and n.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1581
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