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physicn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French fisike; Latin physicum, French fisike; Latin physica. Etymology: In sense 1 originally < Anglo-Norman fisike remedy (1212, rare; compare Old French fisiques (plural) medicines (in an isolated example)) and its etymon post-classical Latin physicum remedy (4th cent.), use as noun of neuter of classical Latin physicus physic adj.; subsequently reinforced by association with senses 3 and 4; compare also physic adj. In other senses < Anglo-Norman fisike, fisice, fisyk, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French phisique, Old French phisike, phesike, Old French, Middle French fisique (French physique ) art or science of medicine (c1160 as fusique ), natural science (c1265; 1708 denoting the modern science of physics) and its etymon classical Latin physica natural science, in post-classical Latin also medical science (from 12th cent. in British and continental sources; compare earlier physica , neuter plural, in this sense: see physics n. 2), use as noun of feminine of physicus physic adj., after ancient Greek ϕυσική, use as noun (short for ϕυσικὴ ἐπιστήμη) of feminine of ϕυσικός. Compare Old Occitan fizica, fezica, physica, etc., medicine, natural science (13th cent.; Occitan fisica), Catalan física medical science (1268 as fesica), Spanish física natural science, medical science (c1250), medical treatment (1275); also Middle Dutch fisike, physike, visike natural science, medicine, also remedy (Dutch fysica physics), Middle High German fisike natural science, in early modern German also ‘medical science’ (German Physik, now only denoting the modern science of physics). I. Medical, curative, and extended uses. the world > health and disease > healing > art or science of medicine > [noun] the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun] > a medicine or medicament the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > purgative c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) 3162 (MED) He..nom wiþ him spicerie þat to fysike drou. c1387–95 G. Chaucer 443 For gold in phisik is a cordial, Therfore he loued gold in special. c1450 (?a1400) (Ashm.) 4280 (MED) For na febill at we fele na fysyke vs nedis. 1471 J. Paston in (2004) I. 565 My lechecrafte and fesyk..hathe cost me sythe Estern Day more then v li. a1500 in A. Zettersten (1968) 34 Colonytes..is goode for the fysyke. 1591 J. Harington Briefe Apol. Poetrie in tr. L. Ariosto sig. ¶iijv Tasso..likeneth Poetrie to the Phisicke that men giue vnto little children when they are sick. 1605 Abp. G. Abbot (rev. ed.) sig. T3 The people..do vse it [sc. Tobacco] as phisicke to purge themselues of humors. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) v. iii. 49 Throw Physicke to the Dogs, Ile none of it. View more context for this quotation a1631 J. Donne (1953) VI. 237 Affliction is my Physick; that purges, that cleanses me. 1696 N. Tate & N. Brady civ. 14 Herbs, for Man's use, of various Pow'r, That either Food or Physick yield. 1730 J. Wesley (1830) I. 11 A little money, food or physic. 1748 182 The Salt in the Air..shrinks up the Fibres of their Guts, and makes them [sc. seamen] generally very costive, insomuch as to require a double quantity of physic to purge them. 1757 J. Bartlet (new ed.) 45 Bleed him [sc. a horse], and give him the mercurial physic above prescribed. 1831 W. Youatt iv. 56 The spring grass is the best physic that can possibly be administered to the horse... It carries off every humour which may be lurking about the animal. 1862 Mrs. H. Wood II. vi. 62 And, Janey, you'll take the physic, like a precious lamb; and heaps of nice things you shall have after it, to drive the taste out. 1871 ‘G. Eliot’ (1872) I. i. x. 156 As bad as the wrong physic—nasty to take, and sure to disagree. 1920 H. J. Laski ii. 33 He was administering physic to the patients of Dr. Thomas. 1954 L. Armstrong vii. 112 A serious 'flu epidemic had hit New Orleans. Everybody was down with it, except me. That was because I was physic-minded. I never missed a week without a physic. 1990 R. Long (BNC) 106 This servant had asked for a physic as his mistress was unwell. 2. 1340 (1866) 54 (MED) Þo þet libbeþ be fisike, hy healdeþ þe mesure of ypocras þet is lite an strait. c1390 G. Chaucer 4028 Attempree diete was al hir phisyk. c1450 Treat. Fishing in J. McDonald et al. (1963) 135 (MED) Now will y cheys of..fyschyng..to treyt..for the reson of physyke. c1500 (Ashm.) 166 (MED) Loke þou go to bede bytyme; Erly to ryse is fysyke fyne. 1591 R. Greene sig. B2v Dinner being done, counting it Phisicke to sit a while, the olde Countesse [etc.]. 1700 J. Dryden To my Kinsman J. Driden in 98 Who Nature to repair, Draws Phisick from the Fields, in Draughts of Vital Air. the world > action or operation > amending > [noun] > remedy > mental, moral, or spiritual a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) viii. 2218 (MED) The wofull peine of loves maladie, Ayein the which mai no phisique availe. a1500 (a1450) (Trin. Cambr.) 6876 (MED) If I here kyssid..It were the best fisykke that I cowde haue. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin ii. vii. f. 41v To craue the Physycke of grace that ys in Christe. 1656 T. Burton 16 Dec. (1828) I. 150 He is a madman. It is good physic to whip him. 1703 W. Burkitt Matt. v. 4 Sorrow for Sin is Physick on Earth, but 'tis Food in Hell. 1783 G. Crabbe (ed. 2) 6 Where mental wealth the poor in thought may find; and mental physic the diseas'd mind. 1861 E. Atherstone v. 79 Chains and darkness now Best physic for thee seem. 1999 (Nexis) 26 Mar. 4 There is an ancient remedy, a primitive physic, to purge the social body of its ills. 3. the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > [noun] c1385 G. Chaucer 2760 Farewel, phisik, go ber the man to cherche. a1400 tr. Lanfranc (Ashm.) (1894) 254 (MED) To þis lyme þer comeþ manie sijknessis, & summe þerof falliþ for cirurgie..& summe falliþ to phisik. 1503 c. 36 §1 The same Sir William..lay both at Surgery and Fesyk..by the space of ii yeres and more. 1568 Ecclus. xviii. 18 Goe to phisicke or euer thou be sicke. 1651 A. Conway Let. 3 Dec. in (1992) ii. 61 Had I not beene hindered from writing..by my being in Phisicke, I should have told you..my brother had writt to me. 1700 H. Prideaux (1875) 194 An end will soon be made beyond ye remedy of physic and repentance. 1703 II. ix. 531 The Lord Goring being not then well, but engaged in a course of Physick. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 263 Appollo fond first art of fisik [?a1475 anon. tr. medicynes; L. medicinæ] among þe Grees. ?a1425 (Egerton) (1889) 60 (MED) Þare vsed sayn Paule sum tyme þe craft of phisic. 1481 W. Caxton tr. i. xii. 38 Phisyke..is a mestier or a crafte that entendeth to the helthe of mannes body. 1523 c. 5 §3 Suffred to excercyse or practyse in Physyk. 1541 T. Elyot (new ed.) iv. sig. b4v So shall the noble and moste necessarye science of phisyke [1561 phisicke], with the ministers thereof, escape the sclaunder, which they haue of long tyme susteyned. 1662 in M. Wood (1940) IX. 299 [The council] graunts libertie to..mountebanks to sett up a stage..for showing of his skill in physick. 1700 S. L. tr. C. Frick Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer 4 Any service suitable to my profession, which was Physick. 1741 C. Lucas 26 Neither thinking the knowledge of simple or compound medicines material, or necessary, nor their preparation or composition his proper occupation, they lay themselves out for practising physic and surgery. 1813 J. Thomson Introd. p. i. The practice of Medicine has long been divided into two departments, Physic and Surgery. 1871 T. Watson Introd. Lect. This art of Physic..needs to be begun under the protecting eye..of a master in the craft. 1990 H. Le Rougetel (BNC) 21 Sloane himself reckoned that such an opportunity to travel and at the same time pursue the practice of physic was too good an opportunity to miss. the world > health and disease > healing > healer > physician > [noun] > collectively c1390 (a1376) W. Langland (Vernon) (1867) A. vii. 256 I dar legge boþe myn Eres Þat Fisyk schal his Forred hod for his lyflode sulle. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) v. 2654 (MED) Phisique hath don the besinesse Of sondri cures manyon To make him hol. a1449 J. Lydgate (1934) ii. 778 (MED) Rekne vp phesyk with all ther letuaryes, Grocerys, mercerys, with ther greet habundaunce. 1576 G. Gascoigne 984 That Phisicke thriue not ouer fast by murder. a1682 Sir T. Browne (1690) 7 Amply satisfied that his Disease should dye with himself, nor revive in a Posterity to puzzle Physick. a1771 T. Gray (?1780) 1 Lord! Sister, says Physic to Law, I declare [etc.]. the world > health and disease > healing > art or science of medicine > [noun] > knowledge or theory of c1387–95 G. Chaucer 411 With vs ther was a doctour of phisik; In al this world ne was ther noon hym lyk To speke of phisik and of surgerye. c1475 (?c1400) (1842) 96 (MED) Sum tyme man is holpun bi treyst þat he haþ in o þing..and not bi þat þing, as phisek techiþ and experiens. 1509 S. Hawes (1845) xvi. 62 Of phisike it is the properte To ayde the body in every sekenes. 1542 c. 40 The science of phisicke dothe comprehend, include, and conteyne, the knowledge of surgery as a speciall membre and parte of the same. 1663 S. Pepys 27 Feb. (1971) IV. 59 To Chyrurgeons hall..where..we had a fine dinner and good learned company, many Doctors of Physique. 1758 W. Blackstone Study of Law i, in (1765) I. 14 The gentleman of the faculty of physic. 1808 19 468 To admit ‘certificates from schools of physic may prevent the possibility of ascertaining a regular education’. 1991 M. Clynes (1992) (BNC) 75 King James was interested in medicine and was absorbed in all aspects of the study of physic and the human body. †II. As a general branch of science. the world > matter > physics > [noun] c1330 (Auch.) (1933) 172 (MED) Þerinne was paint..þe seuen ars..grammarie, Musike, and astronomie..Rettorike and ek fisike. c1450 (?a1400) (Ashm.) 4611 (MED) Is þar na lare in ȝoure land, labour of scolis, Fesike, ne no philosofy? a1500 (c1477) T. Norton (BL Add.) (1975) 1567 (MED) Þe phisik of mynys..excedith al othire engynys, And restith only in the wisdom of man. 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye I. 76 Physick, which is the studie of naturall things: metaphysick, which is of supernaturall things. 1685 R. Baxter 1 Cor. ii True Physick is the Knowledge of the knowable Works of God, and God in them. 1743 A. Pope (rev. ed.) iv. 645 Physic of Metaphysic begs defence, And Metaphysic calls for aid on Sense! 1883 A. Barratt 171 This is the only form in which the question of mind and matter has any meaning to Physic, for Physic knows nothing of either mind or matter except as objects and physical phenomena. Compounds (Certain compounds may originally have been formed on physic adj. 1.) C1. General attributive and objective. 1756 C. Lucas ii. 217 The incorporated bands of the physic-craft that call themselves the college of physicians. 1613 S. Purchas 93 Hee was their Æsculapius or Physicke-god. 1706 E. Baynard in J. Floyer (rev. ed.) ii. 93 Brought to the Physick-Rack, viz. Bleedings,..Diet-drinks, Oyntments. 1823 J. Badcock 165 The valetudinary, consumptive, and physic-taking..fall victims of the ship's motion. 1903 W. M. Besant 236 The ‘nonsense-confused compounds’ which Burton ridiculed half a century later were in great demand, however, and the amount of general physic-taking was marvellous. C2. the world > health and disease > healing > veterinary medicine and surgery > [noun] > medicines or applications > large pill 1831 W. Youatt xvi. 398 The most effectual and safest physic ball. 1877 24 Nov. 447/2 Give a physic ball; give a drachm, daily, of carbonate of iron, and one scruple of sulphate of quinine. 1901 18 Mar. 2/5 For this reason it [sc. bran] is an excellent preparation for a physic ball. 1987 S. Stewart vii. 71 I dosed all the horses once a month with a physic-ball. the world > health and disease > healing > pharmacy > [noun] > prescription or recipe 1614 T. Adams i. 19 It is..a Physick-bill of hell, that they must not wash, till they haue drunke. 1711 Ld. Shaftesbury III. Misc. v. iii. 340 To..be scrupulous in our Choice, and (as the current Physick-Bills admonish us) beware of Counterfeits. 1770 M. Page Invoice 15 Feb. in F. Mason (1968) 126 Physick Bill..4 oz. Lucatellus' Balsam. c1863 J. H. Pepper Sci. Amusements in R. E. Peterson (rev. ed.) 435 The grave son of Æsculapius at once and most tenderly inquired (oh, that dreadful physic-bill!) after the health of the juvenile. the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > medicine chest, bag, etc. > [noun] > chest a1661 B. Holyday tr. Juvenal (1673) ii. 23 No babes they leave behind. Big Lyde's physick-box can this ne're gain. 1789 J. Byng Diary 6 June in (1938) IV. 129 Mine was missing..with all my little comforts, and my greater comforts, all my Sheets, Physick Box, [etc.]. 1900 H. Lawson 55 An' if yer don't get yer physic-box an' come wi' me, by the great God I'll—. the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > digit > finger > [noun] > ring finger 1621 J. Molle tr. P. Camerarius v. ii. 321 The Ring-finger or Physicke-finger. 1948 R. Graves 226 Alder, physic finger, By power of divination Diagnose all maladies Of a doubtful mind. the world > health and disease > healing > art or science of medicine > medical training > [noun] > medical school 1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré iii. x. 97 Which I haue sometimes shewed in the Physicke schooles, at such time as I there dissected Anatomyes. 1767 B. Gooch I. 371 A man, who was executed, and dissected in the physic-schools. a1658 J. Cleveland (1677) 164 Ἐκλείπεσθαι is a Physick-word, and signifies the Labour of a Disease. Derivatives the world > health and disease > healing > [adverb] 1581 R. Mulcaster xi. 59 Musick..was vsed in the olde time Physicklike, to stay mourning and greife. 1689 G. Harvey xviii. 137 The description..ought to be razed by their Physickships out of their Pharmaceutic Records. the world > health and disease > healing > healer > physician > [noun] 1689 G. Harvey xvii. 128 If any young Physickster has an itch to experiment. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † physicadj. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin physicus. Etymology: < classical Latin physicus natural, of or relating to physical nature, scientific, in post-classical Latin also medical (4th cent.) < ancient Greek ϕυσικός natural, of or relating to physical nature, in Byzantine Greek also belonging to occult laws of nature, magical < ϕύσις nature (see physis n.) + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare Middle French phisique natural (c1480), French physique material, physical (1651), relating to physics or physical science (1680), Italian fisico relating to medicine (13th cent.), relating to nature (1321). Compare physic n., physical adj. N.E.D. (1906) gives the pronunciation as (fi·zik) /ˈfɪzɪk/. Obsolete. the world > health and disease > healing > art or science of medicine > [adjective] the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > [adjective] > used in medical treatment ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 116 To declare what ar nodacions comyng in þe flesh wiþ ycchyng..is forsoþ more phisic [?c1425 Paris phisik; L. physicum] þan sirurgic. a1500 in C. Brown (1939) 275 I askid a mastir off ffysyke lore How I myght make hyme dry and vanysh away. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More sig. Ni My companion..caried with him phisick bokes, certein smal woorkes of Hippocrates, and Galenes Microtechne. 1577 (title page) The physick benefit of each herb, plant, and flower. a1617 S. Hieron (1620) I. 25 The physick potion..is cleane against the stomacke. 1620 T. Venner ii. 28 Red wine is..good for physicke vses, to stop cholericke vomitings. 1692 J. Ray (ed. 2) i. 203 The chief Physick-Herbs. 1736 in XI. 446 A Root call'd Physick Root, filarie or five leaf'd Physick. 1819 16 Suppl. 101/1 The physic dance was very much in use formerly [by the Cherokee Indians]. 2. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > systematic knowledge, science > [adjective] > based on science 1563 T. Hill (new ed.) 21 A phisicke experiment of Democritus. 1669 T. Gale i. ii. 14 Some Physic Contemplations of Job. 1669 T. Gale ii. viii. 99 There are three Kinds of Theologie; the first is called Mythic..another Physic. 1807 J. Barlow iv. 156 O'er great, o'er small extends his physic laws. 1820 tr. A. R. Mengs in H. Fuseli II. iv. 8 Invisible physic and metaphysic ideas. the world > matter > physics > [adjective] > relating to physics 1883 J. B. Thomas in 8 Jan. 204 Sensitive, nutritive, physic, and chemic phenomena. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online September 2021). physicv. Inflections: Present participle physicking; past tense and past participle physicked; Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: physic n. 1. the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by medicine or drug > treat with drugs [verb (transitive)] the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatments removing or dispersing matter > remove or disperse [verb (transitive)] > purge c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. xx. 321 I may wel suffre..That frere flaterer be fette and phisike [c1400 C text fysyke] ȝow syke. 1575 G. Turberville 279 The Italians order of phisicking his hawke. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. i. 82 I will physicke your ranckenesse. View more context for this quotation 1733 G. Cheyne i. vi. 50 The Animals..are physick'd almost out of their Lives. 1787 J. Byng Diary 26 July in (1934) I. 263 Time was, when an abundant yeomanry..cou'd support the numerous poor; and..did not suffer them to be physick'd, fed etc at the parish charge. 1831 W. Youatt xxii. 382 In physicking a horse, whatever is to be done should be done at once. 1876 H. R. F. Bourne II. xii. 258 Locke laid down the rule..that children ought to be physicked as little as possible. 1960 J. Barth ii. xix. 325 Then he put a towel round his neck and told Mrs. Webb he had physicked himself, and not to allow any visitors whilst he was a-purging. 1986 24 Feb. 68/3 That's bitter water—sodium sulphate. It would physic you something awful. the mind > emotion > pleasure > state of being consoled or relieved > be relieved of [verb (transitive)] > to relieve one's heart or mind 1589 T. Nashe To Students in R. Greene Epist. sig. **2 I wold perswade them to phisicke their faculties of seeing & hearing. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) ii. iii. 49 The labour we delight in, Physicks paine. View more context for this quotation 1641 J. Milton 15 Then was the Liturgie given to a number of moderate Divines, and Sir Tho. Smith a Statesman to bee purg'd, and Physick't. 1764 C. Churchill i. 3 Vice, within the guilty breast, Could not be physic'd into rest. 1819 Ld. Byron xix. 128 A mind diseased no remedy can physic. 1992 (Nexis) 24 Oct. 23 It is an intelligent and commendable venture which needed to be physicked, given a purge. society > authority > punishment > fine > [verb (transitive)] 1821 P. Egan v. (Farmer) You may be most preciously physicked in your clie. 1827 R. M. Bird Caridorf in (1941) XII. 110 I have physicked a tailor for some loose habits. society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > heat > melt > treat or inoculate molten metal 1876 Heeley in (1878) IV. 475 If with their present plants they could not effectually eliminate sulphur by puddling, ought they not to try to do so by physicking? Derivatives the world > health and disease > healing > healer > physician > [noun] 1649 2 The midwives..refused subjection to him, and set up some other hand-some-handed young physikers in the same trade. 1826 M. R. Mitford II. 179 Dr. Tubb..bleeder, shaver, and physicker of man and beast. 1998 (Nexis) 26 Feb. F1 Television's ‘Brother Cadfael’ is an herbal sleuth as well as his order's physicker, or physician. the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > [noun] > administration of treatment 1610 G. Markham 35 Generall obseruations in the Physicking of Horses. 1839 C. Dickens viii. 68 ‘Now,’ said Squeers,..‘is that physicking over?’ 1997 (Nexis) 26 Jan. d8 During the 17th century in Britain, physicking often called for a purge to drain the substance. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
