pico-comb. form

Stress is often attracted to this combining form.

Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish pico.

Etymology: < Spanish pico beak, (in phrases) little bit (c1335) < post-classical Latin beccus (see beak n.¹). Compare French pico- (formations in which are found from at least the mid 20th cent.).Formations in English are found from the mid 20th cent., apparently earliest in picogram n. With the specific use in sense 1 compare the following:1915 W. H. Eccles Wireless Telegr. & Teleph. 18 Symbols for multiples and sub-multiples... 10⁻¹²..Pico-..p or μμ.1947 Compt. Rend. de la 14me Conf. (Union Internat. de Chimie) 115 The following prefixes to abbreviations for the names of units should be used to indicate the specified multiples or sub-multiples of these units:..p pico- 10⁻¹²×.1952 Wireless World May 187/2 The prefixes ‘pico’ and ‘nano’ became popular in this country fifteen or twenty years ago, mostly through the technical publications of Philips and others, with ‘pico’ as favourite.

1. Prefixed to the name of a unit of measurement to denote a factor of 10⁻¹² (one million-millionth); symbol p.

picoamp n.

Brit.

/ˈpiːkəʊamp/

/ˈpʌɪkəʊamp/

U.S.

/ˈpikoʊˌæmp/

/ˈpaɪkoʊˌæmp/

ΚΠ

1960 Times 5 July 2/4 Picoamps to megamps. If your experience has brought you into contact with a wide range of light and heavy current devices, [etc.].

1975 Physics Bull. June 249/2 (advt.) Sensitivities down to 1 microvolt, 10 picoamps, and 1 milliohm are founded on Keithley's lifetime of expertise in designing and building low-level instrumentation.

1991 G. H. Tomlinson Electr. Networks & Filters 213 The requirement for input bias current, which is in the range of picoamps to microamps, depending upon the device type, imposes a restriction on the choice of RC impedances.

pico-ammeter n.

Brit.

/ˌpiːkəʊˈamᵻtə/

/ˌpʌɪkəʊˈamᵻtə/

U.S.

/ˌpikoʊˈæ(m)ˌmidər/

/ˌpaɪkoʊˈæ(m)ˌmidər/

ΚΠ

1958 Science 7 Mar. 547/1 Reactor period and power level indications are provided by a combination of a logarithmic picoammeter and a reactor-period meter.

1990 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 333 86 Photomultiplier signals were then recorded using a picoammeter and strip chart recorder.

pico-ampere n.

Brit.

/ˈpiːkəʊˌampɛː/

/ˈpʌɪkəʊˌampɛː/

U.S.

/ˈpikoʊˌæmˌpɪ(ə)r/

/ˈpikoʊˌæmˌpɛ(ə)r/

/ˈpaɪkoʊˌæmˌpɪ(ə)r/

/ˈpaɪkoʊˌæmˌpɛ(ə)r/

ΚΠ

1965 Science 5 Feb. 643/2 Picoampere source.

1989 Nature 21 Sept. 235/1 The current amplitude was extremely variable and..ranged between a few to several hundred picoamperes in cells of a similar size.

1997 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 355 698 The signals from the photodiodes are measured with picoampere meters.

pico-curie n.

Brit.

/ˈpiːkə(ʊ)ˌkjʊəri/

/ˈpiːkə(ʊ)ˌkjɔːri/

/ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)ˌkjʊəri/

/ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)ˌkjɔːri/

U.S.

/ˈpikoʊˌkjʊri/

/ˈpikəˌkjʊri/

/ˈpaɪkoʊˌkjʊri/

/ˈpaɪkəˌkjʊri/

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > measurement of ionizing radiation > [noun] > units of radioactivity

megacurie1947

curie1954

pico-curie1960

Becquerel1975

Bq1975

1960 Science 2 Dec. 1666/2 Since the overall recovery and counting efficiency..was found to be 46 percent, the counts per minute are equal to picocuries of activity.

1994 N.Y. Times 25 Jan. c4/6 Radon concentrations in homes are measured in picocuries per liter.

pico-farad n.

Brit.

/ˈpiːkə(ʊ)ˌfarad/

/ˈpiːkə(ʊ)ˌfarəd/

/ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)ˌfarad/

/ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)ˌfarəd/

U.S.

/ˈpikoʊˌfɛˌræd/

/ˈpikəˌfɛrəd/

/ˈpaɪkoʊˌfɛˌræd/

/ˈpaɪkəˌfɛrəd/

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric charge, electricity > [noun] > unit of measurement > unit of capacitance

farad1873

jar1920

pico-farad1926

1926 Brit. Standard Gloss. Terms Electr. Engin. (Brit. Engin. Standards Assoc.) 26 Picofarad, a unit of electrostatic capacity equal to 10⁻¹² farad. Symbol: μμF.

1976 Gramophone Jan. 1283/1 A slight platform rise of up to about 2 dB from 12 kHz upwards was measured which I take to be a result of the Dual's low capacitance cable, whereas Shure recommend 400 to 500 pico-farads per channel.

1996 Recording Mag. Oct. 88/3 Cable capacitance is generally specified in picofarads per foot.

pico-kelvin n.

Brit.

/ˈpiːkə(ʊ)ˌkɛlvɪn/

/ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)ˌkɛlvɪn/

U.S.

/ˈpikoʊˌkɛlv(ə)n/

/ˈpikəˌkɛlv(ə)n/

/ˈpaɪkoʊˌkɛlv(ə)n/

/ˈpaɪkəˌkɛlv(ə)n/

ΚΠ

1990 Sci. Amer. June 64/1 In laboratories..temperatures measured in nanokelvins and picokelvins are being achieved.

2003 Science 12 Sept. 1513 This lowered the peak condensate density to 5 × 10¹⁰ atoms per cubic centimeter and cooled the entire cloud..to a kinetic temperature of 450 ± 80 picokelvin.

pico-litre n.

Brit.

/ˈpiːkə(ʊ)ˌliːtə/

/ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)ˌliːtə/

U.S.

/ˈpikoʊˌlidər/

/ˈpikəˌlidər/

/ˈpaɪkoʊˌlidər/

/ˈpaɪkəˌlidər/

(also U.S.pico-liter)

ΚΠ

1973 Sci. Amer. Sept. 160/2 (advt.) For electron probe sampling, hundreds of picoliter fluid droplets are positioned automatically under an electron beam.

1994 Sci. News 8 Oct. 227/2 Drop-on-demand fluid jet systems have been designed to dispense picoliters of reagents.

pico-molar adj.

Brit.

/ˌpiːkə(ʊ)ˈməʊlə/

/ˌpʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈməʊlə/

U.S.

/ˌpikoʊˈmoʊlər/

/ˌpaɪkoʊˈmoʊlər/

ΚΠ

1968 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 61 1032 Equilibrium constants of dissociation... ° 0.13 picomolar.

2003 Reprod. Toxicol. 17 191 Picomolar doses of pyridines with single methyl or ethyl substitutions significantly inhibit oviductal functioning.

pico-mole n.

Brit.

/ˈpiːkə(ʊ)məʊl/

/ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)məʊl/

U.S.

/ˈpikoʊˌmoʊl/

/ˈpikəˌmoʊl/

/ˈpaɪkoʊˌmoʊl/

/ˈpaɪkəˌmoʊl/

ΚΠ

1964 Science 27 Nov. 1177/2 The extra influx of ionic calcium..was only ≦ 0.2 picomole/cm² surface membrane.

1996 Independent 2 July ii. 6/2 When she was investigated, it was discovered that the level of oestradiol..was abnormally high: 1,700 (picomoles per litre) instead of the usual 500–700.

pico-newton n.

Brit.

/ˈpiːkə(ʊ)ˌnjuːtn/

/ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)ˌnjuːtn/

U.S.

/ˈpikoʊˌn(j)utn/

/ˈpikəˌn(j)utn/

/ˈpaɪkoʊˌn(j)utn/

/ˈpaɪkəˌn(j)utn/

ΚΠ

1969 Surface Sci. 16 252 The base pressure in the apparatus was estimated to be 3 x 10^-10 Torr. [Note About 4 piconewtons per square meter.]

1995 New Scientist 16 Dec. 18/3 Straightening kinked DNA would require a force of about 6 piconewtons—well within the polymerase's capacity.

pico-volt n.

Brit.

/ˈpiːkə(ʊ)vəʊlt/

/ˈpiːkə(ʊ)vɒlt/

/ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)vəʊlt/

/ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)vɒlt/

U.S.

/ˈpikoʊˌvoʊlt/

/ˈpikəˌvoʊlt/

/ˈpaɪkoʊˌvoʊlt/

/ˈpaɪkəˌvoʊlt/

ΚΠ

1971 Physics Bull. Nov. 678/2 The picovolt measuring system permits the detection of small voltages from sources at low temperatures which would be overwhelmed by thermal voltages in the leads to a room temperature instrument.

1992 Science 10 Jan. 171/2 (caption) Phase diagram taken from the picovolt measurements on a YBCO crystal.

pico-voltmeter n.

Brit.

/ˌpiːkə(ʊ)ˈvəʊltmiːtə/

/ˌpiːkə(ʊ)ˈvɒltmiːtə/

/ˌpʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈvəʊltmiːtə/

/ˌpʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈvɒltmiːtə/

/ˈpiːkə(ʊ)vəʊltˌmiːtə/

/ˈpiːkə(ʊ)vɒltˌmiːtə/

/ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)vəʊltˌmiːtə/

/ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)vɒltˌmiːtə/

U.S.

/ˌpikoʊˈvoʊltˌmidər/

/ˈpikoʊˌvoʊltˌmidər/

/ˌpaɪkoʊˈvoʊltˌmidər/

/ˈpaɪkoʊˌvoʊltˌmidər/

ΚΠ

1971 Physics Bull. Nov. 678/3 The picovoltmeter will be useful for the measurement of low temperatures by means of thermocouples.

1993 Sci. Amer. Feb. 31/1 The picovoltmeter used a superconducting quantum interference device, or squid.

pico-watt n.

Brit.

/ˈpiːkə(ʊ)wɒt/

/ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)wɒt/

U.S.

/ˈpikoʊˌwɑt/

/ˈpikəˌwɑt/

/ˈpaɪkoʊˌwɑt/

/ˈpaɪkəˌwɑt/

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > [noun] > watt > small unit

pico-watt1967

1967 D. H. Hamsher Communication Syst. Engin. Handbk. xvi. 10 The noise power measurement without any weighting of the frequency response of the instrument is expressed usually in picowatts (10⁻¹² watt = pw).

1977 Sci. Amer. Feb. 62/2 At the earth station the 30-metre dish antenna collects a scant three picowatts of energy and feeds it into a low-noise receiver.

1990 R. L. Forward Rocheworld 273 That brain still used a significant number of picowatts per thought.

2. Forming words with the sense ‘extremely small’, as piconet n.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pico-
释义	pico-comb. form Stress is often attracted to this combining form. Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish pico. Etymology: < Spanish pico beak, (in phrases) little bit (c1335) < post-classical Latin beccus (see beak n.¹). Compare French pico- (formations in which are found from at least the mid 20th cent.).Formations in English are found from the mid 20th cent., apparently earliest in picogram n. With the specific use in sense 1 compare the following:1915 W. H. Eccles Wireless Telegr. & Teleph. 18 Symbols for multiples and sub-multiples... 10⁻¹²..Pico-..p or μμ.1947 Compt. Rend. de la 14me Conf. (Union Internat. de Chimie) 115 The following prefixes to abbreviations for the names of units should be used to indicate the specified multiples or sub-multiples of these units:..p pico- 10⁻¹²×.1952 Wireless World May 187/2 The prefixes ‘pico’ and ‘nano’ became popular in this country fifteen or twenty years ago, mostly through the technical publications of Philips and others, with ‘pico’ as favourite. 1. Prefixed to the name of a unit of measurement to denote a factor of 10⁻¹² (one million-millionth); symbol p. picoamp n. Brit. /ˈpiːkəʊamp/ , /ˈpʌɪkəʊamp/ , U.S. /ˈpikoʊˌæmp/ , /ˈpaɪkoʊˌæmp/ ΚΠ 1960 Times 5 July 2/4 Picoamps to megamps. If your experience has brought you into contact with a wide range of light and heavy current devices, [etc.]. 1975 Physics Bull. June 249/2 (advt.) Sensitivities down to 1 microvolt, 10 picoamps, and 1 milliohm are founded on Keithley's lifetime of expertise in designing and building low-level instrumentation. 1991 G. H. Tomlinson Electr. Networks & Filters 213 The requirement for input bias current, which is in the range of picoamps to microamps, depending upon the device type, imposes a restriction on the choice of RC impedances. pico-ammeter n. Brit. /ˌpiːkəʊˈamᵻtə/ , /ˌpʌɪkəʊˈamᵻtə/ , U.S. /ˌpikoʊˈæ(m)ˌmidər/ , /ˌpaɪkoʊˈæ(m)ˌmidər/ ΚΠ 1958 Science 7 Mar. 547/1 Reactor period and power level indications are provided by a combination of a logarithmic picoammeter and a reactor-period meter. 1990 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 333 86 Photomultiplier signals were then recorded using a picoammeter and strip chart recorder. pico-ampere n. Brit. /ˈpiːkəʊˌampɛː/ , /ˈpʌɪkəʊˌampɛː/ , U.S. /ˈpikoʊˌæmˌpɪ(ə)r/ , /ˈpikoʊˌæmˌpɛ(ə)r/ , /ˈpaɪkoʊˌæmˌpɪ(ə)r/ , /ˈpaɪkoʊˌæmˌpɛ(ə)r/ ΚΠ 1965 Science 5 Feb. 643/2 Picoampere source. 1989 Nature 21 Sept. 235/1 The current amplitude was extremely variable and..ranged between a few to several hundred picoamperes in cells of a similar size. 1997 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 355 698 The signals from the photodiodes are measured with picoampere meters. pico-curie n. Brit. /ˈpiːkə(ʊ)ˌkjʊəri/ , /ˈpiːkə(ʊ)ˌkjɔːri/ , /ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)ˌkjʊəri/ , /ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)ˌkjɔːri/ , U.S. /ˈpikoʊˌkjʊri/ , /ˈpikəˌkjʊri/ , /ˈpaɪkoʊˌkjʊri/ , /ˈpaɪkəˌkjʊri/ ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > measurement of ionizing radiation > [noun] > units of radioactivity megacurie1947 curie1954 pico-curie1960 Becquerel1975 Bq1975 1960 Science 2 Dec. 1666/2 Since the overall recovery and counting efficiency..was found to be 46 percent, the counts per minute are equal to picocuries of activity. 1994 N.Y. Times 25 Jan. c4/6 Radon concentrations in homes are measured in picocuries per liter. pico-farad n. Brit. /ˈpiːkə(ʊ)ˌfarad/ , /ˈpiːkə(ʊ)ˌfarəd/ , /ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)ˌfarad/ , /ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)ˌfarəd/ , U.S. /ˈpikoʊˌfɛˌræd/ , /ˈpikəˌfɛrəd/ , /ˈpaɪkoʊˌfɛˌræd/ , /ˈpaɪkəˌfɛrəd/ ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric charge, electricity > [noun] > unit of measurement > unit of capacitance farad1873 jar1920 pico-farad1926 1926 Brit. Standard Gloss. Terms Electr. Engin. (Brit. Engin. Standards Assoc.) 26 Picofarad, a unit of electrostatic capacity equal to 10⁻¹² farad. Symbol: μμF. 1976 Gramophone Jan. 1283/1 A slight platform rise of up to about 2 dB from 12 kHz upwards was measured which I take to be a result of the Dual's low capacitance cable, whereas Shure recommend 400 to 500 pico-farads per channel. 1996 Recording Mag. Oct. 88/3 Cable capacitance is generally specified in picofarads per foot. pico-kelvin n. Brit. /ˈpiːkə(ʊ)ˌkɛlvɪn/ , /ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)ˌkɛlvɪn/ , U.S. /ˈpikoʊˌkɛlv(ə)n/ , /ˈpikəˌkɛlv(ə)n/ , /ˈpaɪkoʊˌkɛlv(ə)n/ , /ˈpaɪkəˌkɛlv(ə)n/ ΚΠ 1990 Sci. Amer. June 64/1 In laboratories..temperatures measured in nanokelvins and picokelvins are being achieved. 2003 Science 12 Sept. 1513 This lowered the peak condensate density to 5 × 10¹⁰ atoms per cubic centimeter and cooled the entire cloud..to a kinetic temperature of 450 ± 80 picokelvin. pico-litre n. Brit. /ˈpiːkə(ʊ)ˌliːtə/ , /ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)ˌliːtə/ , U.S. /ˈpikoʊˌlidər/ , /ˈpikəˌlidər/ , /ˈpaɪkoʊˌlidər/ , /ˈpaɪkəˌlidər/ (also U.S.pico-liter) ΚΠ 1973 Sci. Amer. Sept. 160/2 (advt.) For electron probe sampling, hundreds of picoliter fluid droplets are positioned automatically under an electron beam. 1994 Sci. News 8 Oct. 227/2 Drop-on-demand fluid jet systems have been designed to dispense picoliters of reagents. pico-molar adj. Brit. /ˌpiːkə(ʊ)ˈməʊlə/ , /ˌpʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈməʊlə/ , U.S. /ˌpikoʊˈmoʊlər/ , /ˌpaɪkoʊˈmoʊlər/ ΚΠ 1968 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 61 1032 Equilibrium constants of dissociation... ° 0.13 picomolar. 2003 Reprod. Toxicol. 17 191 Picomolar doses of pyridines with single methyl or ethyl substitutions significantly inhibit oviductal functioning. pico-mole n. Brit. /ˈpiːkə(ʊ)məʊl/ , /ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)məʊl/ , U.S. /ˈpikoʊˌmoʊl/ , /ˈpikəˌmoʊl/ , /ˈpaɪkoʊˌmoʊl/ , /ˈpaɪkəˌmoʊl/ ΚΠ 1964 Science 27 Nov. 1177/2 The extra influx of ionic calcium..was only ≦ 0.2 picomole/cm² surface membrane. 1996 Independent 2 July ii. 6/2 When she was investigated, it was discovered that the level of oestradiol..was abnormally high: 1,700 (picomoles per litre) instead of the usual 500–700. pico-newton n. Brit. /ˈpiːkə(ʊ)ˌnjuːtn/ , /ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)ˌnjuːtn/ , U.S. /ˈpikoʊˌn(j)utn/ , /ˈpikəˌn(j)utn/ , /ˈpaɪkoʊˌn(j)utn/ , /ˈpaɪkəˌn(j)utn/ ΚΠ 1969 Surface Sci. 16 252 The base pressure in the apparatus was estimated to be 3 x 10^-10 Torr. [Note About 4 piconewtons per square meter.] 1995 New Scientist 16 Dec. 18/3 Straightening kinked DNA would require a force of about 6 piconewtons—well within the polymerase's capacity. pico-volt n. Brit. /ˈpiːkə(ʊ)vəʊlt/ , /ˈpiːkə(ʊ)vɒlt/ , /ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)vəʊlt/ , /ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)vɒlt/ , U.S. /ˈpikoʊˌvoʊlt/ , /ˈpikəˌvoʊlt/ , /ˈpaɪkoʊˌvoʊlt/ , /ˈpaɪkəˌvoʊlt/ ΚΠ 1971 Physics Bull. Nov. 678/2 The picovolt measuring system permits the detection of small voltages from sources at low temperatures which would be overwhelmed by thermal voltages in the leads to a room temperature instrument. 1992 Science 10 Jan. 171/2 (caption) Phase diagram taken from the picovolt measurements on a YBCO crystal. pico-voltmeter n. Brit. /ˌpiːkə(ʊ)ˈvəʊltmiːtə/ , /ˌpiːkə(ʊ)ˈvɒltmiːtə/ , /ˌpʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈvəʊltmiːtə/ , /ˌpʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈvɒltmiːtə/ , /ˈpiːkə(ʊ)vəʊltˌmiːtə/ , /ˈpiːkə(ʊ)vɒltˌmiːtə/ , /ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)vəʊltˌmiːtə/ , /ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)vɒltˌmiːtə/ , U.S. /ˌpikoʊˈvoʊltˌmidər/ , /ˈpikoʊˌvoʊltˌmidər/ , /ˌpaɪkoʊˈvoʊltˌmidər/ , /ˈpaɪkoʊˌvoʊltˌmidər/ ΚΠ 1971 Physics Bull. Nov. 678/3 The picovoltmeter will be useful for the measurement of low temperatures by means of thermocouples. 1993 Sci. Amer. Feb. 31/1 The picovoltmeter used a superconducting quantum interference device, or squid. pico-watt n. Brit. /ˈpiːkə(ʊ)wɒt/ , /ˈpʌɪkə(ʊ)wɒt/ , U.S. /ˈpikoʊˌwɑt/ , /ˈpikəˌwɑt/ , /ˈpaɪkoʊˌwɑt/ , /ˈpaɪkəˌwɑt/ ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > [noun] > watt > small unit pico-watt1967 1967 D. H. Hamsher Communication Syst. Engin. Handbk. xvi. 10 The noise power measurement without any weighting of the frequency response of the instrument is expressed usually in picowatts (10⁻¹² watt = pw). 1977 Sci. Amer. Feb. 62/2 At the earth station the 30-metre dish antenna collects a scant three picowatts of energy and feeds it into a low-noise receiver. 1990 R. L. Forward Rocheworld 273 That brain still used a significant number of picowatts per thought. 2. Forming words with the sense ‘extremely small’, as piconet n. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < comb. form1926
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