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单词 picro-
释义

picro-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.
Forms: Before a vowel sometimes picr-
Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Greek πικρο-, πικρός.
Etymology: < ancient Greek πικρο-, combining form (in e.g. πικρολογία bitterness of language, πικρόχολος full of bitter bile) of πικρός sharp, bitter (perhaps < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek ποικίλος : see poikilo- comb. form); compare -o- connective. Compare German pikro- (formations in which are found from at least the early 19th cent.), French picro- (formations in which are found from at least the early 19th cent.), and Italian picro- (formations in which are found from at least the mid 19th cent.).Formations in English are found from the early 19th cent.; apparently earliest in picrotoxin n.
1. Used with the sense ‘bitter’, esp. in the names of magnesium minerals (noted for often having a bitter taste).
picrochromite n.
Brit. /ˌpɪkrə(ʊ)ˈkrəʊmʌɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌpɪkroʊˈkroʊˌmaɪt/
,
/ˌpɪkrəˈkroʊˌmaɪt/
Mineralogy a chromite of magnesium, MgCr2O4, belonging to the spinel group, whose pure form is known only as a synthetic product and which occurs naturally as a brittle black mineral that contains a substantial amount of ferrous iron replacing magnesium.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > spinel group AB2 O4 > others
picotite1814
franklinite1820
hausmannite1831
hercynite1849
jacobsite1869
hetaerolite1877
trippkeite1881
sapphirine1883
water-spinel1883
manganomagnetite1890
chrome-spinel1892
magnesiochromite1892
magnochromite1892
picrochromite1920
trevorite1921
ulvöspinel1947
taaffeite1951
nickel spinel1961
1920 E. S. Simpson in Mineral. Mag. 19 100 Dealing with the minerals of the spinel-chromite series.., the four variables, which constitute two pairs, are MgO, FeO, Al2O3, Cr2O3. Four mineral species are possible, the pure forms of which are (1) MgO.Al2O3 spinel, (2) MgO.Cr2O3 picrochromite, (3) FeO.Al2O3 hercynite, and (4) FeO.Cr2O3 chromite. [Note] New name required to complete the series and to designate already known minerals.
1939 Special Rep. Iron & Steel Inst. No. 26. 202 Picrochromite was prepared in a manner similar to that used for spinel but employing equivalent amounts of magnesia and chromic oxide.
1997 Meteoritics & Planetary Sci. 32 343 We classify this spinel as an Fe,Al-bearing picrochromite.
picroerythrin n.
Brit. /ˌpɪkrəʊᵻˈrɪθrɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌpɪkroʊəˈrɪθrən/
Chemistry rare a bitter crystalline compound obtained by boiling erythrin with water, alkalis, or ethanol.
ΚΠ
1846 E. Schunck in London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 29 262 This substance is a product of the action of boiling water on erythric acid. I shall call it Picro-erythrin.
1967 New Phytologist 66 166 Polyols have not yet been detected as components of insoluble polymers in lichens, but do occur in other combined forms such as erythrin and picroerythrin.
picroilmenite n.
Brit. /ˌpɪkrəʊˈɪlmᵻnʌɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌpɪkroʊˈɪlməˌnaɪt/
[after German Pikroilmenit (E. Hussak 1895, in Min. u. Petrogr. Mittheilungen 14 408)] Mineralogy a magnesian variety of ilmenite, (Mg,Fe)TiO3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > corundum group A2 03 > ilmenite
menaccanite1792
iserine1805
menacanea1806
ilmenite1827
iserite1868
picroilmenite1900
1900 Mineral. Mag. 12 389 Picroilmenite... The same as picrotitanite, a variety of ilmenite rich in magnesium.
1972 Mineral. Abstr. 23 338/1 Picroilmenite occurs, associated with diamond, in the kimberlites and in the Carboniferous, Jurassic, and Cretaceous formations [in the Anabar area, western Yakutia].
2000 Internat. Geol. Rev. 42 758 These heterogeneities are mainly caused by the presence of sigmoidal oriented lamellae of ilmenite, picroilmenite (geikielite), and corundum.
picrolite n.
Brit. /ˈpɪkrə(ʊ)lʌɪt/
,
U.S. /ˈpɪkrəˌlaɪt/
[after German Pikrolit (J. F. L. Hausmann 1808, in Efemeriden der Berg- u. Hüttenkunde 4 401)] Mineralogy a variety of serpentine occurring as fibrous or columnar crystals varying in colour from dark green to greyish, probably identical with antigorite.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > phyllosilicate > [noun] > serpentine > fibrous
asbestos1608
earth flax1649
thrum-stone1681
picrolite1816
chrysotile1850
byssus1864
1816 R. Jameson Min. (ed. 2) I. 536 Picrolite.
1854 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 4) 490 Pennsylvania... Lancaster Co...At Wood's Chrome Mine,..marmolite, picrolite, hydromagensite, [etc.].
1960 F. H. Pough Field Guide Rocks & Minerals (ed. 3) ii. 253 Serpentine... Varieties: Fibrous and silky: chrysotile. Columnar: picrolite... Micaceous: marmolite.
1991 Antiquity 65 862/1 Non-lithic cultural items include over 125 Dentalium, Columbella and Conus shell beads, seven picrolite beads, pendants or pendant ‘blanks’, and an incised and perforated stone disc.
picromerite n.
Brit. /pᵻˈkrɒmərʌɪt/
,
U.S. /pᵻˈkrɑməˌraɪt/
[ < picro- comb. form + ancient Greek μεριδ-, μερίς part (see mero- comb. form1, and note at that entry), after Italian Picromeride (G. Guarini et al. Memoria sulla incendio vesuviano (1855) v. 192)] Mineralogy a mineral that is a sulphate of magnesium and potassium, K2Mg(SO4)2·6H2O, crystallizing in the monoclinic system and usually occurring as colourless or white masses and crusts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphates > [noun] > sulphates of two elements > potassium magnesium
picromerite1866
langbeinite1898
1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 642 Picromerite, potassio-magnesic sulphate..crystallised from solutions of saline crusts.
1951 C. Palache et al. Dana's Syst. Mineral. (ed. 7) II. 452 Picromerite also occurs in the oceanic salt deposits (in which it has commonly been referred to as schoenite).
1991 Chinese Jrnl. Geochem. 10 232 The process of isothermal evaporation–crystallization of picromerite from brines.
picropharmacolite n.
Brit. /ˌpɪkrə(ʊ)ˈfɑːməkəlʌɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌpɪkroʊˌfɑrˈmækəˌlaɪt/
[after German Picro-pharmacolith (Stromeyer 1819, in Ann. der Physik 61 185); compare pharmacolite n.] Mineralogy a mineral of the monoclinic system that is a hydrated arsenate of calcium and magnesium, (Ca,Mg)3(AsO4)2·6H2O, occurring as colourless to white needles, incrustations, and concretions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > arsenates > [noun] > others of one element
picropharmacolite1823
arsenicite1843
rösslerite1862
hœrnesite1868
schultenite1926
legrandite1932
rooseveltite1947
sainfeldite1964
1823 W. Phillips Elem. Introd. Mineral. (ed. 3) 178 The analysis..of picropharmacolite has been published.
1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 387 Picropharmacolite from Riechelsdorf..is probably pharmacolite having the lime partly replaced by magnesia.
1996 Mineral. Rec. 27 417 The mine has produced..the first arsenolite and picropharmacolite reported from South Africa.
picrophyll n. [ < picro- comb. form + ancient Greek ϕύλλον leaf (see phyllo- comb. form), after German Pikrophyll (A. F. Svanberg 1839, in Ann. der Physik u. Chem. 50 662)] Mineralogy Obsolete a greenish-grey substance originally thought to be a variety of pyroxene but now recognized as a mixture of uranite and talc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > inosilicates single chain > [noun] > pyroxene > other pyroxenes
asbestos1608
baikalite1794
basaltin1794
Labrador hornblende1794
coccolite1801
omphacite1821
jeffersonite1822
lherzolite1823
hudsonite1842
chladnite1850
funkite1850
picrophyll1854
lavrovite1868
breislakite1869
1854 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 4) 252 Magnesian hydrous silicates... Serpentine section... Picrophyll, Monradite, [etc.].
1868 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 5) 406 Pyrallolite..Picrophyll... These are names of pyroxene in different stages of alteration, between true pyroxene and either serpentine or steatite.
picrophyllite n. Obsolete rare = picrophyll n.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΚΠ
1852 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit., & Art (ed. 2) 1393/1 Picrophyllite, a species of serpentine in dark green foliated masses.
picrosmine n.
Brit. /pᵻˈkrɒsmɪn/
,
/pᵻˈkrɒsmʌɪn/
,
U.S. /pᵻˈkrɔsmən/
,
/pᵻˈkrɑsmən/
,
/pᵻˈkrɔsˌmaɪn/
,
/pᵻˈkrɑsˌmaɪn/
[ < picro- comb. form + ancient Greek ὀσμή odour (see osmo- comb. form1), after German Pikrosmin (W. Haidinger in F. Mohs Grund-Riss der Mineral. (1824) II. 666), so called on account of its property of emitting a bitter odour when moistened] Mineralogy = picrolite n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > phyllosilicate > [noun] > other phyllosilicates
pimelite1808
picrosmine1825
stilpnomelane1850
allophite1874
thalenite1899
sanbornite1932
niocalite1956
rhodesite1957
innelite1960
tosudite1964
pecoraite1969
1825 W. Haidinger tr. F. Mohs Treat. Min. III. 137 Picrosmine.
1871 Amer. Naturalist 5 502 A green magnesian silicate allied to picrosmine.
1956 Mineral. Mag. 31 125 List of specimens studied... 3. Antigorite..picrosmine, Tyrol.
2. Chemistry. Forming the names of derivatives of picric acid.
a.
picramine n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 640 Picramine, or hydrate of picrammonium, cannot be isolated on account of its ready oxidability.
picrammonium n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 640 Picramine, or hydrate of picrammonium, cannot be isolated on account of its ready oxidability.
b.
picro-acetate n. Obsolete a combined picrate and acetate.
ΚΠ
1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 404 A picro-acetate of lead..is deposited..when a boiling mixture of potassic picrate and an excess of lead-acetate is left to cool.
picrocarmine n.
Brit. /ˌpɪkrə(ʊ)ˈkɑːmʌɪn/
,
/ˌpɪkrə(ʊ)ˈkɑːmɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌpɪkroʊˈkɑrˌmaɪn/
,
/ˌpɪkroʊˈkɑrmən/
a solution of picric acid, carmine, and ammonia used as a red histological stain.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > material > [noun] > staining material
osmium tetroxide1869
picrocarmine1872
rose bengal1878
stain1880
erythrosin1884
Gram stain1884
vesuvin1885
Nile blue1888
pyronin1895
Janus green1898
counterstain1899
Nissl stain1899
Leishman stain1904
trypan blue1911
quinacrine mustard1957
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > stains
picrocarmine1872
erythrosin1884
1872 G. R. Cutter tr. H. Frey Microscope & Microsc. Technol. 160 (heading) Picro-carmine staining.
1880 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 20 230 By using osmic acid, followed by picrocarmine, it is easy to preserve the ectoderm with its clothing of cilia.
1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) xi. 207 Stain it with picrocarmine.
1984 20th Cent. Lit. 30 124 In a showman's display of orchids or gladiolas, one receives the effect of vials of picrocarmine, magenta, gamboge and violet.
picronitrate n. Chemistry Obsolete = picrate n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic compounds > [noun] > other organic compounds > picric acid and salts
picric acid1838
picrate1854
picronitrate1864
1864 Year-bk. Med. 1863 (New Sydenham Soc.) 175 Experiments with picro-nitrate of potash on trichinised rabbits.
1875 tr. H. W. von Ziemssen et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. III. 642 Picric acid in the form of picronitrate of potassa and soda.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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comb. form1816
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