单词 | picro- |
释义 | picro-comb. form 1. Used with the sense ‘bitter’, esp. in the names of magnesium minerals (noted for often having a bitter taste). picrochromite n. Brit. /ˌpɪkrə(ʊ)ˈkrəʊmʌɪt/ , U.S. /ˌpɪkroʊˈkroʊˌmaɪt/ , /ˌpɪkrəˈkroʊˌmaɪt/ Mineralogy a chromite of magnesium, MgCr2O4, belonging to the spinel group, whose pure form is known only as a synthetic product and which occurs naturally as a brittle black mineral that contains a substantial amount of ferrous iron replacing magnesium.ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > spinel group AB2 O4 > others picotite1814 franklinite1820 hausmannite1831 hercynite1849 jacobsite1869 hetaerolite1877 trippkeite1881 sapphirine1883 water-spinel1883 manganomagnetite1890 chrome-spinel1892 magnesiochromite1892 magnochromite1892 picrochromite1920 trevorite1921 ulvöspinel1947 taaffeite1951 nickel spinel1961 1920 E. S. Simpson in Mineral. Mag. 19 100 Dealing with the minerals of the spinel-chromite series.., the four variables, which constitute two pairs, are MgO, FeO, Al2O3, Cr2O3. Four mineral species are possible, the pure forms of which are (1) MgO.Al2O3 spinel, (2) MgO.Cr2O3 picrochromite, (3) FeO.Al2O3 hercynite, and (4) FeO.Cr2O3 chromite. [Note] New name required to complete the series and to designate already known minerals. 1939 Special Rep. Iron & Steel Inst. No. 26. 202 Picrochromite was prepared in a manner similar to that used for spinel but employing equivalent amounts of magnesia and chromic oxide. 1997 Meteoritics & Planetary Sci. 32 343 We classify this spinel as an Fe,Al-bearing picrochromite. picroerythrin n. Brit. /ˌpɪkrəʊᵻˈrɪθrɪn/ , U.S. /ˌpɪkroʊəˈrɪθrən/ Chemistry rare a bitter crystalline compound obtained by boiling erythrin with water, alkalis, or ethanol.ΚΠ 1846 E. Schunck in London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 29 262 This substance is a product of the action of boiling water on erythric acid. I shall call it Picro-erythrin. 1967 New Phytologist 66 166 Polyols have not yet been detected as components of insoluble polymers in lichens, but do occur in other combined forms such as erythrin and picroerythrin. picroilmenite n. Brit. /ˌpɪkrəʊˈɪlmᵻnʌɪt/ , U.S. /ˌpɪkroʊˈɪlməˌnaɪt/ [after German Pikroilmenit (E. Hussak 1895, in Min. u. Petrogr. Mittheilungen 14 408)] Mineralogy a magnesian variety of ilmenite, (Mg,Fe)TiO3.ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > corundum group A2 03 > ilmenite menaccanite1792 iserine1805 menacanea1806 ilmenite1827 iserite1868 picroilmenite1900 1900 Mineral. Mag. 12 389 Picroilmenite... The same as picrotitanite, a variety of ilmenite rich in magnesium. 1972 Mineral. Abstr. 23 338/1 Picroilmenite occurs, associated with diamond, in the kimberlites and in the Carboniferous, Jurassic, and Cretaceous formations [in the Anabar area, western Yakutia]. 2000 Internat. Geol. Rev. 42 758 These heterogeneities are mainly caused by the presence of sigmoidal oriented lamellae of ilmenite, picroilmenite (geikielite), and corundum. picrolite n. Brit. /ˈpɪkrə(ʊ)lʌɪt/ , U.S. /ˈpɪkrəˌlaɪt/ [after German Pikrolit (J. F. L. Hausmann 1808, in Efemeriden der Berg- u. Hüttenkunde 4 401)] Mineralogy a variety of serpentine occurring as fibrous or columnar crystals varying in colour from dark green to greyish, probably identical with antigorite.ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > phyllosilicate > [noun] > serpentine > fibrous asbestos1608 earth flax1649 thrum-stone1681 picrolite1816 chrysotile1850 byssus1864 1816 R. Jameson Min. (ed. 2) I. 536 Picrolite. 1854 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 4) 490 Pennsylvania... Lancaster Co...At Wood's Chrome Mine,..marmolite, picrolite, hydromagensite, [etc.]. 1960 F. H. Pough Field Guide Rocks & Minerals (ed. 3) ii. 253 Serpentine... Varieties: Fibrous and silky: chrysotile. Columnar: picrolite... Micaceous: marmolite. 1991 Antiquity 65 862/1 Non-lithic cultural items include over 125 Dentalium, Columbella and Conus shell beads, seven picrolite beads, pendants or pendant ‘blanks’, and an incised and perforated stone disc. picromerite n. Brit. /pᵻˈkrɒmərʌɪt/ , U.S. /pᵻˈkrɑməˌraɪt/ [ < picro- comb. form + ancient Greek μεριδ-, μερίς part (see mero- comb. form1, and note at that entry), after Italian Picromeride (G. Guarini et al. Memoria sulla incendio vesuviano (1855) v. 192)] Mineralogy a mineral that is a sulphate of magnesium and potassium, K2Mg(SO4)2·6H2O, crystallizing in the monoclinic system and usually occurring as colourless or white masses and crusts.ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphates > [noun] > sulphates of two elements > potassium magnesium picromerite1866 langbeinite1898 1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 642 Picromerite, potassio-magnesic sulphate..crystallised from solutions of saline crusts. 1951 C. Palache et al. Dana's Syst. Mineral. (ed. 7) II. 452 Picromerite also occurs in the oceanic salt deposits (in which it has commonly been referred to as schoenite). 1991 Chinese Jrnl. Geochem. 10 232 The process of isothermal evaporation–crystallization of picromerite from brines. picropharmacolite n. Brit. /ˌpɪkrə(ʊ)ˈfɑːməkəlʌɪt/ , U.S. /ˌpɪkroʊˌfɑrˈmækəˌlaɪt/ [after German Picro-pharmacolith (Stromeyer 1819, in Ann. der Physik 61 185); compare pharmacolite n.] Mineralogy a mineral of the monoclinic system that is a hydrated arsenate of calcium and magnesium, (Ca,Mg)3(AsO4)2·6H2O, occurring as colourless to white needles, incrustations, and concretions.ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > arsenates > [noun] > others of one element picropharmacolite1823 arsenicite1843 rösslerite1862 hœrnesite1868 schultenite1926 legrandite1932 rooseveltite1947 sainfeldite1964 1823 W. Phillips Elem. Introd. Mineral. (ed. 3) 178 The analysis..of picropharmacolite has been published. 1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 387 Picropharmacolite from Riechelsdorf..is probably pharmacolite having the lime partly replaced by magnesia. 1996 Mineral. Rec. 27 417 The mine has produced..the first arsenolite and picropharmacolite reported from South Africa. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > inosilicates single chain > [noun] > pyroxene > other pyroxenes asbestos1608 baikalite1794 basaltin1794 Labrador hornblende1794 coccolite1801 omphacite1821 jeffersonite1822 lherzolite1823 hudsonite1842 chladnite1850 funkite1850 picrophyll1854 lavrovite1868 breislakite1869 1854 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 4) 252 Magnesian hydrous silicates... Serpentine section... Picrophyll, Monradite, [etc.]. 1868 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 5) 406 Pyrallolite..Picrophyll... These are names of pyroxene in different stages of alteration, between true pyroxene and either serpentine or steatite. ΚΠ 1852 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit., & Art (ed. 2) 1393/1 Picrophyllite, a species of serpentine in dark green foliated masses. picrosmine n. Brit. /pᵻˈkrɒsmɪn/ , /pᵻˈkrɒsmʌɪn/ , U.S. /pᵻˈkrɔsmən/ , /pᵻˈkrɑsmən/ , /pᵻˈkrɔsˌmaɪn/ , /pᵻˈkrɑsˌmaɪn/ [ < picro- comb. form + ancient Greek ὀσμή odour (see osmo- comb. form1), after German Pikrosmin (W. Haidinger in F. Mohs Grund-Riss der Mineral. (1824) II. 666), so called on account of its property of emitting a bitter odour when moistened] Mineralogy = picrolite n.ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > phyllosilicate > [noun] > other phyllosilicates pimelite1808 picrosmine1825 stilpnomelane1850 allophite1874 thalenite1899 sanbornite1932 niocalite1956 rhodesite1957 innelite1960 tosudite1964 pecoraite1969 1825 W. Haidinger tr. F. Mohs Treat. Min. III. 137 Picrosmine. 1871 Amer. Naturalist 5 502 A green magnesian silicate allied to picrosmine. 1956 Mineral. Mag. 31 125 List of specimens studied... 3. Antigorite..picrosmine, Tyrol. 2. Chemistry. Forming the names of derivatives of picric acid. a. ΚΠ 1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 640 Picramine, or hydrate of picrammonium, cannot be isolated on account of its ready oxidability. ΚΠ 1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 640 Picramine, or hydrate of picrammonium, cannot be isolated on account of its ready oxidability. b. ΚΠ 1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 404 A picro-acetate of lead..is deposited..when a boiling mixture of potassic picrate and an excess of lead-acetate is left to cool. picrocarmine n. Brit. /ˌpɪkrə(ʊ)ˈkɑːmʌɪn/ , /ˌpɪkrə(ʊ)ˈkɑːmɪn/ , U.S. /ˌpɪkroʊˈkɑrˌmaɪn/ , /ˌpɪkroʊˈkɑrmən/ a solution of picric acid, carmine, and ammonia used as a red histological stain.ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > material > [noun] > staining material osmium tetroxide1869 picrocarmine1872 rose bengal1878 stain1880 erythrosin1884 Gram stain1884 vesuvin1885 Nile blue1888 pyronin1895 Janus green1898 counterstain1899 Nissl stain1899 Leishman stain1904 trypan blue1911 quinacrine mustard1957 the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > stains picrocarmine1872 erythrosin1884 1872 G. R. Cutter tr. H. Frey Microscope & Microsc. Technol. 160 (heading) Picro-carmine staining. 1880 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 20 230 By using osmic acid, followed by picrocarmine, it is easy to preserve the ectoderm with its clothing of cilia. 1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) xi. 207 Stain it with picrocarmine. 1984 20th Cent. Lit. 30 124 In a showman's display of orchids or gladiolas, one receives the effect of vials of picrocarmine, magenta, gamboge and violet. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic compounds > [noun] > other organic compounds > picric acid and salts picric acid1838 picrate1854 picronitrate1864 1864 Year-bk. Med. 1863 (New Sydenham Soc.) 175 Experiments with picro-nitrate of potash on trichinised rabbits. 1875 tr. H. W. von Ziemssen et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. III. 642 Picric acid in the form of picronitrate of potassa and soda. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < comb. form1816 |
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