behindadv.prep.n.

Brit.

/bᵻˈhʌɪnd/, U.S.

/bəˈhaɪnd/,

/biˈhaɪnd/

Forms: Old English behindan, (Northumbrian bihianda), Middle English bihinden, Middle English ( Orm.) bihinndenn, Middle English bihinde, Middle English byhynde, Middle English bihynde, by-hynden, bi-henden, bi-hynde, bi-hind, beheinde, Middle English–1500s behynde, Middle English–1600s behinde, Middle English– behind.

Etymology: Old English bi- , behindan , identical with Old Saxon bihindan , < bi- , be- prefix + hindan , Old High German hintana , modern German hinten , Gothic hindana adverb, ‘from behind,’ ‘behind,’ < root hind- in hinder n.¹, hindmost adj., with adverbial suffix -ana , originally meaning direction from : the notion of position is given by be- prefix. Behind is used both absolutely (as adverb), and with an object (as preposition), the latter originating in an Old English dative of reference, behindan him ‘in the rear as to him’; in Gothic hindana took a genitive, hindana Iaurdanaus ‘from the back of the Jordan.’ In its sense-development the word is one, though for practical purposes the adverbial and prepositional construction are here treated separately.

A. adv.

I. In relation to an object in motion.

1. In a place whence those to whom the reference is made have departed; remaining after the others have gone. Esp. used with leave v.¹ 4a (let obsolete), remain, stay, abide.

a. literal.

ΚΠ

c900 Anglo-Saxon Chron. an. 894 Ða Deniscan sæton þær be hindan.

a1000 Boeth. Metr. xxiv. 29 Þu..þone hehstan heofon behindan lætest.

a1000 Boeth. Metr. xxvi. 23 He let him behindan hyrnde ciolas.

c1305 St. Swithin 99 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 46 Ne lef þu noȝt bihynde.

c1450 Rob. Hood (Ritson) i. i. 46 We shall abide behynde.

c1500 Merchant & Son in J. O. Halliwell Nugæ Poeticæ (1844) 26 Here ys a fytt of thys matere; the bettur ys behynde.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 105 He..leaves the Scythian Arrow far behind .

1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. iii. 24 Too generous to attempt leaving us behind.

1782 W. Cowper John Gilpin 60 Betty screaming came downstairs, ‘The wine is left behind!’

1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (1875) I. 64 Even the slaves were not left behind.

b. figurative. In the position, condition, or state which a person or thing has left: e.g. in existence after one's death.

ΚΠ

c1400 St. Alexius 20 Richesse he lete al Bihynde.

a1631 J. Donne Poems (1650) 15 To leave this world behinde, is death.

1652 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged 68 Gross humours Winter hath left behinde.

?1695 Babes in Wood (single sheet) They dy'd, And left two Babes behind.

1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 8 All evils..That opulence departed, leaves behind.

1829 R. Southey Sir Thomas More II. 138 When they were advanced from a private station, they left behind them the leisure.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 73 The salt is left entirely behind, and nothing but pure water evaporated.

c. In the time which one has lived beyond, in the past.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > [adverb]

erea822

fernOE

whileOE

erera1000

whilereOE

onceOE

somewhile1154

whilomc1175

herebeforec1200

somewhilesa1250

yorea1250

orc1275

rather?a1300

erewhilec1305

sometimea1325

sometimec1330

at or in sometime1340

in arrear1340

heretoforea1375

fernyear1377

once upon a timec1380

behinds1382

beforetimea1393

of olda1393

erenow1393

umquhilea1400

erst14..

fornec1400

yore whilec1400

of before1402

late1423

abefore1431

beforetimes1449

whilesc1480

sometime1490

aforrow?a1513

behind1526

quondamc1540

in foretime(s?c1550

erstwhile1569

erstwhiles1569

aleare1581

erewhiles1584

sometimes1597

formerly1599

anciently1624

olim1645

somewhile since1652

quondamly1663

forepassed1664

sometimea1684

backward1691

historically1753

time back1812

had-been1835

when1962

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Phil. iii. 13 Forȝetinge..tho thingis that ben bihyndis.]

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Phil. iii. 13 I forget that which is behynde.

1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets l. sig. D3^v My greefe lies onward and my ioy behind .

1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lxxvi. 106 As in the winters left behind, Again our ancient games had place.

†2. After one has left (a company), in one's absence. Obsolete, and now expressed by ‘behind one's back’: see B. 9.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > absence of movement > [adverb] > in reference to remaining or leaving behind

behinda1000

the world > space > place > absence > [adverb] > in one's absence

behinda1000

a1000 Bi manna Lease (Gr.) 4 Eorl oðerne..mid teon~wordum tæleð behindan, spreceð fagere beforan.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 143 Þe þet spekeð faire biforen and false bihinden.

1413 J. Lydgate Pilgr. of Sowle (1483) iii. iii. 51 Ye have shewed them in presence good chere..but behynde ye have ben fals traytours.

a. In the rear of anything moving; following, in the train; not so far forward. to come behind: to follow, come after. to fall behind: to fall into the rear through not going so fast or ‘keeping up’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > following behind > [adverb]

thereafterc897

afterOE

behind1393

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark v. 27 [Wif] cwom in ðreat bihianda.]

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. iv. 37 Ther connynge clerkus shulleþ clocke by-hynde.

1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. viii. sig. Kii^v The further ye go, the further behynde.

1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle v. ii. sig. Eiiii^v As proude coms behinde..as any goes before.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 117 Late to lag behind, with truant pace.

1854 C. Patmore Betrothal xii, in Angel in House I. 178 Her laughing sisters lagg'd behind.

1857 M. Howitt Web-spinner I am wearied with a long day's chase, My friends are far behind.

†b. of following in time: Later. those that come behind: posterity. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > after, afterwards, or later

sitheneOE

aftereOE

sithOE

eftOE

latterOE

aftOE

sithencea1170

sithrec1175

thereup?c1225

baftc1275

furtherc1290

eftsoon1297

therewithala1300

afterwardc1300

afterwardsc1300

soc1300

therewithc1369

eftersoonsa1400

suingly?a1425

at after1425

followingly?c1425

afterhand1438

syne1489

by posteriority1523

in sequel1524

still1526

later1527

subsequently1537

senthis?1553

lately1565

subsequent1568

behindc1600

sequelarly1600

posterior1628

in prosecutiona1641

subsequentiallya1683

artera1746

posteriorly1799

ulteriorly1818

later on1829

c1600 Rob. Hood (Ritson) i. v. 420 Least his fame should be buried clean From those that came behind.

1628 T. Hobbes tr. Thucydides Peloponnesian War (1822) 40 Men..are many times to fall first to action, the which ought to come behind.

4. figurative (from A. 1) In reserve, kept back, not yet brought forward or mentioned; still to come.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > occurrence > future events > [adverb] > still to come

behind1250

1250 Laȝamon Brut 18012 He hadde bihinde ehtetene þousend.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Bvii Smoke, the more it encreaseth, the lesse is behynde.

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 276^v There is but a veraye litle litle tyme of my life behinde.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) v. i. 538 Wee'll show What's yet behinde .

1630 J. Wadsworth Eng. Spanish Pilgrime (new ed.) v. 46 He..told what was behinde of his former discourse.

1687 T. Brown Saints in Uproar in Wks. (1730) I. 73 The oddest and most comical scene is still behind.

1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 67. ⁋2 The expectation of some new possession, or of some enjoyment yet behind.

1818 T. B. Macaulay in G. O. Trevelyan Life & Lett. Macaulay (1876) I. ii. 96 But stronger evidence is behind.

5. figurative (from 3.)

a. Of progress, advancement, or attainment; hence, of rank, order, subordination.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [adverb] > in an advanced stage > not

behindc1200

behindhand1542

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 213 Þenne man bipecheð oðer · he him makeð to ben bihinden of þat he weneð to ben biforen.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 6073 Qua for pouert ys be-hinde.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Cor. i. 7 So that ye are behynde [ Wyclif fail, 1611 come behinde] in no gyfte.

1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. iii. xviii. 73 You..shall see Your selues to come behinde in Armes.

1788 F. Burney Diary 31 Jan. (1842) IV. 42 Mrs. Montagu, who was behind with no one in kind speeches.

1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. iv. 462 The opponents were not behind in violence.

b. In reference to the fulfilment of an obligation, esp. of paying money due: In arrear. Const. with money unpaid, or the person to whom it is due; in fulfilling an obligation.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > indebtedness > [adverb] > in arrears

in arrearagesa1325

behindc1375

in rerage (also in rerages)a1400

behindhand1530

in arrears1620

in arrear1621

back1875

c1375 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 252 So many men in þis world ben byhynde of dette of love.

1454 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 133 His wages beyng be-hynde.

1493 Festivall (1515) 20 Ye that be behynde [in making shrift]..come and shryve you.

1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII xi If the seid annuell rentes..be behynde.

1596 T. Danett tr. P. de Commynes Hist. (1614) 239 Maximilian was behind with them for certaine moneths pay.

1614 R. Tailor Hogge hath lost Pearle in I. Reed Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Plays (1780) VI. 381 I am behind with my landlord a year.

1697 Countess D'Aunoy's Trav. (1706) 86 A man of good quality..much behind in the world.

1765 Act 5 Geo. II c. 17 §3 in Enactments Parl. conc. Univ. Oxf. & Cambr. (1869) 75 In case the rent or rents..shall be behind or unpaid.

1885 Manch. Examiner 21 July 5/2 If the tenant falls behind with his instalments.

a. After due time; late or slow in coming forward. Obsolete exc. Scottish.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > [adverb] > late or too late

lateOE

behindc1330

overlatea1400

lately?1440

arrear1477

behindhandc1550

tarde1557

lateward1572

tardy1586

too-late1620

out of time1760

tardily1821

not before time1837

postponedly1851

about time1856

belatedly1896

c1330 Assumpt. Virg. 808 Euer art þou bi-hynde, Whare hast þou so longe bene?

1414 T. Brampton Paraphr. Seven Penit. Psalms lxv. 25 Lete noȝt thi mercy be behynde.

1727 P. Walker Life A. Peden 38 (Jam.) He was never behind with any that put their trust in him.

1787 J. Beattie Scoticisms 14 I fear I shall be behind, i.e. not arrive in time.—Late, too late.

b. Of a watch or clock: Slow.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [adverb] > slow or fast

behind1787

1787 J. Beattie Scoticisms 15 My watch is behind, before: slow, fast, are better.

II. In relation to objects at rest.

a. On the back side, at the back; in the rear of anything stationary having a recognized front.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > position at the back > [adverb]

baftc885

afterwardOE

afterOE

at-hind1016

abackOE

behindc1220

backc1300

arrear1393

hinda1400

baftsc1400

dererec1410

abaft1495

ahind1768

retrally1825

a-rear1849

c1220 Sawles Warde in Cott. Hom. 251 Speoweð ham eft ut biuoren ant bihinden.

c1305 Judas Iscar. 83 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 109 He smot him wiþ a ston bihynde in þe pate.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy xxiii. 9540 He was brochit þurgh the body with a big speire, Þat a trunchyn of þe tre tut out behynd.

c1540 Pilgrim's Tale 66 in F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) App. i. 79 In myn eyr behynd I herde a bussinge.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) v. i. 44 Caska, like a Curre, behinde Strooke Cæsar on the necke.

1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 1. 5 The Servants behind..were unable to contain from laughing.

1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc iv. 388 From behind a voice was heard.

1828 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. 149 A..smooth surface, concave from behind forwards.

1837 F. Marryat Snarleyyow (ed. 2) I. viii. 76 She had..a back-door into the street behind.

1873 T. D. Price MS. Diary 19 Nov. Had Barney [ sc. a horse] shod behind [= on its hind feet].

†b. figurative. At one's back, supporting, backing up.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [adverb]

behind1630

supportinglya1664

supportively1932

1630 J. Wadsworth Eng. Spanish Pilgrime (new ed.) vii. 71 The remainder of the regiment..[was] giuen to Sir Iames Creeton, there being behind Captain Lucy..with diuerse other..Captaines.

c. At the back or on the farther side of some object, so as to be hidden. Chiefly figurative.

ΚΠ

a1887 Mod. That seems fair enough, but is there anything behind?

d. elliptical for behind the scenes at scene n. Phrases 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > stage > [adverb] > behind stage

behind the scenes1668

behind1824

backstage1898

1824 J. Decastro Mem. 8 To visit the theatre whenever he was so disposed, either in front or behind.

1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. xx. 171 But the idea, Amy, of you coming behind! I never did!

1885 G. B. Shaw Wks. (1932) VI. 202 I am going to take a peep behind: that is, if non-performers may be admitted.

1926 R. Macaulay Crewe Train ii. ii. 64 Leonard's fate will be settled by the time the curtain goes up. He's gone behind, poor Leonard.

8. Towards the rear, backwards. (With look or equivalent verbs.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in backward direction

hindwarda1300

behindc1340

backwardc1386

arrear1393

awkwardc1440

behindwardc1440

back-half1470

backc1500

backwardly1552

rearward1604

tailwards1617

aversely1646

hindlongs1668

rearwards1835

rearwardly1856

arseling1887

c1340 Ayenb. 130 Yzyþ aboue and beneþe, and beuore and behynde.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Judges xx. 40 Beniamyn biholdynge bihynde..turnede the face.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1623) ii. i. 160 She that could..See Suitors following, and not looke behind.

1692 E. Walker tr. Epictetus Enchiridion (1737) xii Run, Nor look behind.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 143 Th' unwary Lover cast his Eyes behind .

1799 W. Wordsworth Lucy Gray xvi O'er rough and smooth she trips along, And never looks behind.

1867 Alford Forward (hymn) Seek the things before us, Not a look behind.

9. To the back, into the rear. †to put behind (obsolete): to put into the rear, out of sight, into the background, or into a subordinate position.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > be unimportant [verb (transitive)] > be unimportant to > be of lesser importance to

to put behindc1380

yield1617

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > degrading or debasement > degrade [verb (transitive)] > consign to inferior position

to put behindc1380

relegate1752

c1380 J. Wyclif Three Treat. i. 61 Shrift to God is put bihynde..but privey shrift newe foundun is autorisid as nedeful to soulis heele.

c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1544) i. iii. 6 a The pride of Nembroth there was put behind.

c1450 Rob. Hood (Ritson) i. i. 1072 I dyd holpe a pore yeman, With wronge was put behynde.

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 90 Put not His bidding be hynd.

a1887 Mod. Go behind and look for it.

B. prep.

I. With the object in motion.

a. In a place left by (one who has gone on). Usually with leave, remain, stay, expressed or understood.

ΚΠ

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8913 He wass þa bihinndenn hemm Bilefedd att te temmple.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 15879 Lafte þei not bihynden hem: þe fals feloun Iudas.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. CCCiiii^v To leue our beest behynde vs.

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iv. ii. 84 Leaue me heere in wretchednesse, behinde ye.

1874 F. W. Farrar Life Christ I. 477 Leaving behind him those Phœnician shrines.

a1887 Mod. She has resolved to stay behind me for a few days.

b. figurative. In a condition or state left by (one); in existence, in life, in the world after one is ‘gone’.

ΚΠ

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. i. 16 He left behinde him, my selfe, and a sister.

a1694 J. Tillotson Wks. (1820) I. 475 Piety and virtue are not only delightful for the present, but they leave peace and contentment behind them.

1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia II. xxix. 32 The old Egyptians have left behind them monuments of industry.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 463 The last King who has left behind him a reputation for just and mild government.

c. figurative. In time left by (one); in time past.

ΚΠ

1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 93 When the centuries behind me like a fruitful land reposed.

†2. After the departure of (a person); in the absence of. Obsolete. (Now, behind his back: see A. 9.)

ΚΠ

c1300 Beket 1374 To deme a man bihynden him thou wost hit nere no lawe.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 10 Þo þet misziggeþ guode men behinde ham.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1816) I. 357 Many speak more behind him than they will say to his face.

a. In the rear of (one moving); following, after.

ΚΠ

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 185 By-hynde this god..I saw comynge of ladyis nynetene.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iv. i. 11 She will out-strip all praise And make it halt, behinde her.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 143 And close behind him follow'd she.

1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the First 9 Joy behind joy, in endless Perspective!

1808 W. Scott Marmion i. vii. 28 Behind him rode two gallant squires.

b. with reference to any kind of progress, attainment, or position or order attained: Inferior to.

ΚΠ

1526 Bible (Tyndale) 2 Cor. xi. 5 I suppose that I was not behynde the chefe apostles.

1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. vi. 58 Beasts though otherwise behind men, may..in actions of sense and phancy goe beyond them.

1625 C. Burges New Discouery Personal Tithes 24 The practise of such as are behind him in estate.

1823 C. Lamb Mackery End in Elia 178 Bridget in some things is behind her years.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 68 They were some centuries behind their neighbours in knowledge.

c. To be behind the times: see time n. 6a. Also attributive.

ΚΠ

1905 Daily Chron. 14 Feb. 6/3 A slow-going, old-fashioned, behind-the-times country.

4. Later than, after (the set time), i.e. after the set time has passed. In ‘behind time’ there is an expression of blame not present in ‘after time’.

ΚΠ

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iv. i. 181 If you..come one minute behinde your houre.

1632 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. xxvi. 98 We be but half-hungered of Christ here, and many a time dine behind noon.

1853 C. Brontë Villette II. xvii. 19 ‘Ten minutes behind his time,’ said she.

II. With the object at rest.

a. In the space lying to the rear of, on the back side of (a person, or object that has a front and back). behind fortifications, etc.: inside of, so as to be defended by them.

ΚΠ

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 165 He is buuen us and bineþen, biforen and bihinden.

a1225 Juliana 73 Bihinden hare schuldren.

c1300 K. Alis. 2013 Y wol..faste bynde, His honden his rug byhynde.

c1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 553 He hadde, bihinden his paleys, A fair gardin.

1611 Bible (King James) Exod. xiv. 19 The pillar of the cloud..stood behinde them.

1760 S. Johnson Idler 9 Feb. 41 They..wondered how a Youth of Spirit could spend the Prime of Life behind a Counter.

1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. iii. 55 Next morning I took my daughter behind me, and set out on my return home.

1849 C. Kingsley Prose Idylls (1875) 295 The gentleman from Lloyd's with the pen behind his ear.

b. figurative. At the back of (any one) as a support; backing (one) up.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > position at the back > at the back of or behind [preposition]

afterOE

in (also on) the rearward of1591

in (also at, within) (the) rear of1604

on, upon the back (of)1614

back of1694

rearward1778

behind1882

in back ofa1910

1882 Pall Mall Gaz. 24 June 1 The great arbitragists who have behind them the wealthy financial houses in London.

a. On the farther side of (an object) from the spectator or point of reference; beyond.

ΚΠ

a1400 Chester Pl. 209 Alas! that I were awaie Ferre behynde France!

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 653 Þe burde byhynde þe dor for busmar laȝed.

1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Gothick Warre iv. 120 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian All behinde the end of the Euxine is Lazica.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 106 Behind the Mountain, or beyond the Flood.

1820 J. Keats Eve of St. Agnes in Lamia & Other Poems 88 He stood, hid..Behind a broad hall-pillar.

1832 H. Martineau Life in Wilds i. 3 The mountains behind the Cape of Good Hope.

b. figurative. At the back of, hidden by; on the side remote from one's observation.

ΚΠ

1866 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 1st Ser. 198 Behind every phenomenon we must assume a power.

c. behind the scenes: see behind the scenes at scene n. Phrases 4. behind-scene = behind-the-scenes at scene n. Phrases 4c.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > privacy > [adjective] > out of public view

behind-scene1841

behind the scenes1841

offstage1904

back room1941

backstage1950

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > privacy > [adverb] > out of public view

out of the way1554

behind the curtain1677

in pectore1679

in petto1712

behind the scenes1841

in (or into, out of) purdah1912

offstage1959

1841 E. FitzGerald Let. 16 Jan. (1889) I. 64 And go right through it [sc. a picture] into some behind-scene world on the other side.

1968 J. Wainwright Web of Silence 100 It hit the headlines..but it didn't help the behind-scene manœuvring.

7. Backwards from (oneself), towards what lies in the rear of. (With look and equivalent verbs.)

ΚΠ

c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iii. xii. 108 Yif he loke byhynden hym.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xix. 26 The wijf of hym [Lot], biholdynge bihynde her.

1611 Bible (King James) Judges xx. 40 The Benjamites looked behind them.

1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 6. ⁋13 Venturing to look behind him.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §14. 94 The prospect..behind us..grew worse.

a. Into the space lying to the rear of, to the back or farther side of.

ΚΠ

1250 Laȝamon Brut 26057 Arthur..storte bi-hinde an treo.

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 643 By-hyndyn the mast begynnyth he to fle.

1611 Bible (King James) Matt. xxvi. 23 Get thee behind mee, Satan.

1611 Bible (King James) 2 Kings ix. 19 Turne thee behinde me.

1887 N.E.D. at Behind Mod. The mouse ran behind the sideboard. The sun has sunk behind the mountains.

b. figurative. Out of attention or consideration.

ΚΠ

1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic III. v. i. 179 The plan of Don John..I put entirely behind me.

III. phr.

9. behind (one's) back has been used as a more emphatic expression for behind (one), in all senses; but now spec. in sense A. 2, in which behind-backs also occurs in Scottish use.

ΚΠ

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xxii. 13 Abraham..sawe bihynd his bak a wether among the thornes.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 980 Þe balleful burde..Blusched byhynden her bak.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1816) I. 307 To say of me wrong or shame behind my back.

1611 Bible (King James) Exod. xxiii. 35 Thou hast forgotten me, and cast me behinde thy backe [1388 Wyclif, behynde thi bodi] .

1645 S. Rutherford Tryal & Trivmph of Faith (1845) 78 The Father and the Son are speaking of thee behind backs.

1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 109. ⁋5 Sir Andrew Freeport has said behind my Back, that, etc.

1782 T. Newton Wks. II. xxii. 460 The flatterer will..trumpet forth your praises behind your back.

c1817 J. Hogg Tales & Sketches IV. 14 Tibby was sitting behind backs enjoying the meal.

1864 M. B. Smedley Linnet's Trial I. iii. i. 303 I should be very sorry not to defend people behind their backs.

C. n.

1. (colloquial and vulgar): The back side or rear part (of the person or of a garment); the posteriors.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > back

behind1786

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > back > buttock(s) > [noun]

flitcha700

arse-endseOE

culec1220

buttockc1300

tail1303

toutec1305

nagea1325

fundamentc1325

tail-end1377

brawna1382

buma1387

bewschers?a1400

crouponc1400

rumplec1430

lendc1440

nachec1440

luddocka1475

rearwarda1475

croupc1475

rumpc1475

dock1508

hurdies1535

bunc1538

sitting place1545

bottom?c1550

prat1567

nates1581

backside1593

crupper1594

posteriorums1596

catastrophe1600

podex1601

posterior1605

seat1607

poop1611

stern1631

cheek1639

breeka1642

doup1653

bumkin1658

bumfiddle1661

assa1672

butt1675

quarter1678

foundation1681

toby1681

bung1691

rear1716

fud1722

moon1756

derrière1774

rass1790

stern-post1810

sit-down1812

hinderland1817

hinderling1817

nancy1819

ultimatum1823

behinda1830

duff?1837

botty1842

rear end1851

latter end1852

hinder?1857

sit1862

sit-me-down1866

stern-works1879

tuchus1886

jacksy-pardy1891

sit-upon1910

can1913

truck-end1913

sitzfleisch1916

B.T.M.1919

fanny1919

bot1922

heinie1922

beam1929

yas yas1929

keister1931

batty1935

bim1935

arse-end1937

twat1937

okole1938

bahookie1939

bohunkus1941

quoit1941

patoot1942

rusty-dusty1942

dinger1943

jacksie1943

zatch1950

ding1957

booty1959

patootie1959

buns1960

wazoo1961

tush1962

1786 H. Mackenzie in Lounger No. 54. 215 Two young Ladies..with new Hats on their heads, new Bosoms, and new Behinds in a band-box.

a1830 King George IV in Sat. Rev. (1862) 8 Feb. Go and do my bidding—tell him he lies, and kick his behind in my name!

1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. ix. 113 That I might not have the front of my trowsers torn as well as the behind.

1926 D. H. Lawrence Let. 19 Jan. (1932) 647 Lucky I'm not a professional behind-kicker.

1928 G. B. Shaw Intell. Woman's Guide Socialism lxxiv. 362 You can say ‘If I catch you doing that again I will..smack your behind’.

a. Australian Rules Football. A scoring kick that earns one point (see quot. 1968¹). Also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > Australian football > [noun] > actions or manoeuvres

free1859

handball1859

hand-balling1867

goal-kicking1871

handballing1883

behind1888

ball-up1890

minor1903

handpass1931

1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 23 July 6/2 The visitors won by five goals and ten behinds to four goals and eight behinds.

1890 Melbourne Punch 14 Aug. 107/2 South Melbourne 3 goals 10 behinds.

1968 R. D. Eagleson & I. McKie Terminol. Austral. Nat. Football i. 14 A behind is scored when the ball, after being kicked, is touched by or touches any player before passing through the goal posts; or when it touches a goal post; or when it passes immediately above a goal post or between a goal post and a behind post; or when it is kicked or knocked through the goal posts by one of the defending players.

1968 R. D. Eagleson & I. McKie Terminol. Austral. Nat. Football i. 15 Behind line, the line between the goal and behind posts.

1968 R. D. Eagleson & I. McKie Terminol. Austral. Nat. Football i. 15 Behind post, a post seven yards to the side of a goal post, and not as tall as the goal post.

b. (See quots.)

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > other forms of football > [noun] > Eton > player

wall1864

behind1898

1898 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport II. 143 [article Eton football] Each side consists of the ‘bully’, outsides, and behinds, but all except the behinds are commonly spoken of as ‘the bully’.

1898 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport II. 143 The ‘behinds’ are ‘short’ and ‘long behind’ and ‘goals’.

Compounds

† behind-back adv. (also behind-backs) Obsolete see A. 9.

behind-forth adv. obsolete from behind forward.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > [adverb] > from behind

behind-fortha1398

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. lxvii. 1219 Þe leopard..reseþ on him byhyndeforþ wiþ bytyng and wiþ clowes.

behind-rider n. a rear guard.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier with special duty > [noun] > member of rearguard

behind-rider1471

1471 Hist. Arriv. Edw. IV (1838) 14 A good bande of speres and archars his behynd-rydars.

behind-sight n. (as contrast to foresight) backward view, retrospection.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 8 Feb. 1/1 If our foresight were as good as our ‘behindsight,’ many disasters would never happen.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	behind
释义	behindadv.prep.n. Brit. /bᵻˈhʌɪnd/, U.S. /bəˈhaɪnd/, /biˈhaɪnd/ Forms: Old English behindan, (Northumbrian bihianda), Middle English bihinden, Middle English ( Orm.) bihinndenn, Middle English bihinde, Middle English byhynde, Middle English bihynde, by-hynden, bi-henden, bi-hynde, bi-hind, beheinde, Middle English–1500s behynde, Middle English–1600s behinde, Middle English– behind. Etymology: Old English bi- , behindan , identical with Old Saxon bihindan , < bi- , be- prefix + hindan , Old High German hintana , modern German hinten , Gothic hindana adverb, ‘from behind,’ ‘behind,’ < root hind- in hinder n.¹, hindmost adj., with adverbial suffix -ana , originally meaning direction from : the notion of position is given by be- prefix. Behind is used both absolutely (as adverb), and with an object (as preposition), the latter originating in an Old English dative of reference, behindan him ‘in the rear as to him’; in Gothic hindana took a genitive, hindana Iaurdanaus ‘from the back of the Jordan.’ In its sense-development the word is one, though for practical purposes the adverbial and prepositional construction are here treated separately. A. adv. I. In relation to an object in motion. 1. In a place whence those to whom the reference is made have departed; remaining after the others have gone. Esp. used with leave v.¹ 4a (let obsolete), remain, stay, abide. a. literal. ΚΠ c900 Anglo-Saxon Chron. an. 894 Ða Deniscan sæton þær be hindan. a1000 Boeth. Metr. xxiv. 29 Þu..þone hehstan heofon behindan lætest. a1000 Boeth. Metr. xxvi. 23 He let him behindan hyrnde ciolas. c1305 St. Swithin 99 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 46 Ne lef þu noȝt bihynde. c1450 Rob. Hood (Ritson) i. i. 46 We shall abide behynde. c1500 Merchant & Son in J. O. Halliwell Nugæ Poeticæ (1844) 26 Here ys a fytt of thys matere; the bettur ys behynde. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 105 He..leaves the Scythian Arrow far behind . View more context for this quotation 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. iii. 24 Too generous to attempt leaving us behind. 1782 W. Cowper John Gilpin 60 Betty screaming came downstairs, ‘The wine is left behind!’ 1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (1875) I. 64 Even the slaves were not left behind. b. figurative. In the position, condition, or state which a person or thing has left: e.g. in existence after one's death. ΚΠ c1400 St. Alexius 20 Richesse he lete al Bihynde. a1631 J. Donne Poems (1650) 15 To leave this world behinde, is death. 1652 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged 68 Gross humours Winter hath left behinde. ?1695 Babes in Wood (single sheet) They dy'd, And left two Babes behind. 1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 8 All evils..That opulence departed, leaves behind. 1829 R. Southey Sir Thomas More II. 138 When they were advanced from a private station, they left behind them the leisure. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 73 The salt is left entirely behind, and nothing but pure water evaporated. c. In the time which one has lived beyond, in the past. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > [adverb] erea822 fernOE whileOE erera1000 whilereOE onceOE somewhile1154 whilomc1175 herebeforec1200 somewhilesa1250 yorea1250 orc1275 rather?a1300 erewhilec1305 sometimea1325 sometimec1330 at or in sometime1340 in arrear1340 heretoforea1375 fernyear1377 once upon a timec1380 behinds1382 beforetimea1393 of olda1393 erenow1393 umquhilea1400 erst14.. fornec1400 yore whilec1400 of before1402 late1423 abefore1431 beforetimes1449 whilesc1480 sometime1490 aforrow?a1513 behind1526 quondamc1540 in foretime(s?c1550 erstwhile1569 erstwhiles1569 aleare1581 erewhiles1584 sometimes1597 formerly1599 anciently1624 olim1645 somewhile since1652 quondamly1663 forepassed1664 sometimea1684 backward1691 historically1753 time back1812 had-been1835 when1962 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Phil. iii. 13 Forȝetinge..tho thingis that ben bihyndis.] 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Phil. iii. 13 I forget that which is behynde. 1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets l. sig. D3^v My greefe lies onward and my ioy behind . View more context for this quotation 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lxxvi. 106 As in the winters left behind, Again our ancient games had place. View more context for this quotation †2. After one has left (a company), in one's absence. Obsolete, and now expressed by ‘behind one's back’: see B. 9. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > [adverb] > in reference to remaining or leaving behind behinda1000 the world > space > place > absence > [adverb] > in one's absence behinda1000 a1000 Bi manna Lease (Gr.) 4 Eorl oðerne..mid teon~wordum tæleð behindan, spreceð fagere beforan. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 143 Þe þet spekeð faire biforen and false bihinden. 1413 J. Lydgate Pilgr. of Sowle (1483) iii. iii. 51 Ye have shewed them in presence good chere..but behynde ye have ben fals traytours. 3. a. In the rear of anything moving; following, in the train; not so far forward. to come behind: to follow, come after. to fall behind: to fall into the rear through not going so fast or ‘keeping up’. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > following behind > [adverb] thereafterc897 afterOE behind1393 c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark v. 27 [Wif] cwom in ðreat bihianda.] 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. iv. 37 Ther connynge clerkus shulleþ clocke by-hynde. 1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. viii. sig. Kii^v The further ye go, the further behynde. 1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle v. ii. sig. Eiiii^v As proude coms behinde..as any goes before. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 117 Late to lag behind, with truant pace. View more context for this quotation 1854 C. Patmore Betrothal xii, in Angel in House I. 178 Her laughing sisters lagg'd behind. 1857 M. Howitt Web-spinner I am wearied with a long day's chase, My friends are far behind. †b. of following in time: Later. those that come behind: posterity. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > after, afterwards, or later sitheneOE aftereOE sithOE eftOE latterOE aftOE sithencea1170 sithrec1175 thereup?c1225 baftc1275 furtherc1290 eftsoon1297 therewithala1300 afterwardc1300 afterwardsc1300 soc1300 therewithc1369 eftersoonsa1400 suingly?a1425 at after1425 followingly?c1425 afterhand1438 syne1489 by posteriority1523 in sequel1524 still1526 later1527 subsequently1537 senthis?1553 lately1565 subsequent1568 behindc1600 sequelarly1600 posterior1628 in prosecutiona1641 subsequentiallya1683 artera1746 posteriorly1799 ulteriorly1818 later on1829 c1600 Rob. Hood (Ritson) i. v. 420 Least his fame should be buried clean From those that came behind. 1628 T. Hobbes tr. Thucydides Peloponnesian War (1822) 40 Men..are many times to fall first to action, the which ought to come behind. 4. figurative (from A. 1) In reserve, kept back, not yet brought forward or mentioned; still to come. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > occurrence > future events > [adverb] > still to come behind1250 1250 Laȝamon Brut 18012 He hadde bihinde ehtetene þousend. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Bvii Smoke, the more it encreaseth, the lesse is behynde. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 276^v There is but a veraye litle litle tyme of my life behinde. a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) v. i. 538 Wee'll show What's yet behinde . View more context for this quotation 1630 J. Wadsworth Eng. Spanish Pilgrime (new ed.) v. 46 He..told what was behinde of his former discourse. 1687 T. Brown Saints in Uproar in Wks. (1730) I. 73 The oddest and most comical scene is still behind. 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 67. ⁋2 The expectation of some new possession, or of some enjoyment yet behind. 1818 T. B. Macaulay in G. O. Trevelyan Life & Lett. Macaulay (1876) I. ii. 96 But stronger evidence is behind. 5. figurative (from 3.) a. Of progress, advancement, or attainment; hence, of rank, order, subordination. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [adverb] > in an advanced stage > not behindc1200 behindhand1542 c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 213 Þenne man bipecheð oðer · he him makeð to ben bihinden of þat he weneð to ben biforen. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 6073 Qua for pouert ys be-hinde. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Cor. i. 7 So that ye are behynde [ Wyclif fail, 1611 come behinde] in no gyfte. 1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. iii. xviii. 73 You..shall see Your selues to come behinde in Armes. 1788 F. Burney Diary 31 Jan. (1842) IV. 42 Mrs. Montagu, who was behind with no one in kind speeches. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. iv. 462 The opponents were not behind in violence. b. In reference to the fulfilment of an obligation, esp. of paying money due: In arrear. Const. with money unpaid, or the person to whom it is due; in fulfilling an obligation. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > indebtedness > [adverb] > in arrears in arrearagesa1325 behindc1375 in rerage (also in rerages)a1400 behindhand1530 in arrears1620 in arrear1621 back1875 c1375 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 252 So many men in þis world ben byhynde of dette of love. 1454 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 133 His wages beyng be-hynde. 1493 Festivall (1515) 20 Ye that be behynde [in making shrift]..come and shryve you. 1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII xi If the seid annuell rentes..be behynde. 1596 T. Danett tr. P. de Commynes Hist. (1614) 239 Maximilian was behind with them for certaine moneths pay. 1614 R. Tailor Hogge hath lost Pearle in I. Reed Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Plays (1780) VI. 381 I am behind with my landlord a year. 1697 Countess D'Aunoy's Trav. (1706) 86 A man of good quality..much behind in the world. 1765 Act 5 Geo. II c. 17 §3 in Enactments Parl. conc. Univ. Oxf. & Cambr. (1869) 75 In case the rent or rents..shall be behind or unpaid. 1885 Manch. Examiner 21 July 5/2 If the tenant falls behind with his instalments. 6. a. After due time; late or slow in coming forward. Obsolete exc. Scottish. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > [adverb] > late or too late lateOE behindc1330 overlatea1400 lately?1440 arrear1477 behindhandc1550 tarde1557 lateward1572 tardy1586 too-late1620 out of time1760 tardily1821 not before time1837 postponedly1851 about time1856 belatedly1896 c1330 Assumpt. Virg. 808 Euer art þou bi-hynde, Whare hast þou so longe bene? 1414 T. Brampton Paraphr. Seven Penit. Psalms lxv. 25 Lete noȝt thi mercy be behynde. 1727 P. Walker Life A. Peden 38 (Jam.) He was never behind with any that put their trust in him. 1787 J. Beattie Scoticisms 14 I fear I shall be behind, i.e. not arrive in time.—Late, too late. b. Of a watch or clock: Slow. ΘΚΠ the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [adverb] > slow or fast behind1787 1787 J. Beattie Scoticisms 15 My watch is behind, before: slow, fast, are better. II. In relation to objects at rest. 7. a. On the back side, at the back; in the rear of anything stationary having a recognized front. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > position at the back > [adverb] baftc885 afterwardOE afterOE at-hind1016 abackOE behindc1220 backc1300 arrear1393 hinda1400 baftsc1400 dererec1410 abaft1495 ahind1768 retrally1825 a-rear1849 c1220 Sawles Warde in Cott. Hom. 251 Speoweð ham eft ut biuoren ant bihinden. c1305 Judas Iscar. 83 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 109 He smot him wiþ a ston bihynde in þe pate. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy xxiii. 9540 He was brochit þurgh the body with a big speire, Þat a trunchyn of þe tre tut out behynd. c1540 Pilgrim's Tale 66 in F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) App. i. 79 In myn eyr behynd I herde a bussinge. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) v. i. 44 Caska, like a Curre, behinde Strooke Cæsar on the necke. View more context for this quotation 1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 1. 5 The Servants behind..were unable to contain from laughing. 1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc iv. 388 From behind a voice was heard. 1828 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. 149 A..smooth surface, concave from behind forwards. 1837 F. Marryat Snarleyyow (ed. 2) I. viii. 76 She had..a back-door into the street behind. 1873 T. D. Price MS. Diary 19 Nov. Had Barney [ sc. a horse] shod behind [= on its hind feet]. †b. figurative. At one's back, supporting, backing up. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [adverb] behind1630 supportinglya1664 supportively1932 1630 J. Wadsworth Eng. Spanish Pilgrime (new ed.) vii. 71 The remainder of the regiment..[was] giuen to Sir Iames Creeton, there being behind Captain Lucy..with diuerse other..Captaines. c. At the back or on the farther side of some object, so as to be hidden. Chiefly figurative. ΚΠ a1887 Mod. That seems fair enough, but is there anything behind? d. elliptical for behind the scenes at scene n. Phrases 4. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > stage > [adverb] > behind stage behind the scenes1668 behind1824 backstage1898 1824 J. Decastro Mem. 8 To visit the theatre whenever he was so disposed, either in front or behind. 1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. xx. 171 But the idea, Amy, of you coming behind! I never did! 1885 G. B. Shaw Wks. (1932) VI. 202 I am going to take a peep behind: that is, if non-performers may be admitted. 1926 R. Macaulay Crewe Train ii. ii. 64 Leonard's fate will be settled by the time the curtain goes up. He's gone behind, poor Leonard. 8. Towards the rear, backwards. (With look or equivalent verbs.) ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in backward direction hindwarda1300 behindc1340 backwardc1386 arrear1393 awkwardc1440 behindwardc1440 back-half1470 backc1500 backwardly1552 rearward1604 tailwards1617 aversely1646 hindlongs1668 rearwards1835 rearwardly1856 arseling1887 c1340 Ayenb. 130 Yzyþ aboue and beneþe, and beuore and behynde. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Judges xx. 40 Beniamyn biholdynge bihynde..turnede the face. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1623) ii. i. 160 She that could..See Suitors following, and not looke behind. 1692 E. Walker tr. Epictetus Enchiridion (1737) xii Run, Nor look behind. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 143 Th' unwary Lover cast his Eyes behind . View more context for this quotation 1799 W. Wordsworth Lucy Gray xvi O'er rough and smooth she trips along, And never looks behind. 1867 Alford Forward (hymn) Seek the things before us, Not a look behind. 9. To the back, into the rear. †to put behind (obsolete): to put into the rear, out of sight, into the background, or into a subordinate position. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > be unimportant [verb (transitive)] > be unimportant to > be of lesser importance to to put behindc1380 yield1617 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > degrading or debasement > degrade [verb (transitive)] > consign to inferior position to put behindc1380 relegate1752 c1380 J. Wyclif Three Treat. i. 61 Shrift to God is put bihynde..but privey shrift newe foundun is autorisid as nedeful to soulis heele. c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1544) i. iii. 6 a The pride of Nembroth there was put behind. c1450 Rob. Hood (Ritson) i. i. 1072 I dyd holpe a pore yeman, With wronge was put behynde. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 90 Put not His bidding be hynd. a1887 Mod. Go behind and look for it. B. prep. I. With the object in motion. 1. a. In a place left by (one who has gone on). Usually with leave, remain, stay, expressed or understood. ΚΠ c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8913 He wass þa bihinndenn hemm Bilefedd att te temmple. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 15879 Lafte þei not bihynden hem: þe fals feloun Iudas. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. CCCiiii^v To leue our beest behynde vs. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iv. ii. 84 Leaue me heere in wretchednesse, behinde ye. View more context for this quotation 1874 F. W. Farrar Life Christ I. 477 Leaving behind him those Phœnician shrines. a1887 Mod. She has resolved to stay behind me for a few days. b. figurative. In a condition or state left by (one); in existence, in life, in the world after one is ‘gone’. ΚΠ a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. i. 16 He left behinde him, my selfe, and a sister. View more context for this quotation a1694 J. Tillotson Wks. (1820) I. 475 Piety and virtue are not only delightful for the present, but they leave peace and contentment behind them. 1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia II. xxix. 32 The old Egyptians have left behind them monuments of industry. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 463 The last King who has left behind him a reputation for just and mild government. c. figurative. In time left by (one); in time past. ΚΠ 1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 93 When the centuries behind me like a fruitful land reposed. †2. After the departure of (a person); in the absence of. Obsolete. (Now, behind his back: see A. 9.) ΚΠ c1300 Beket 1374 To deme a man bihynden him thou wost hit nere no lawe. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 10 Þo þet misziggeþ guode men behinde ham. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1816) I. 357 Many speak more behind him than they will say to his face. 3. a. In the rear of (one moving); following, after. ΚΠ c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 185 By-hynde this god..I saw comynge of ladyis nynetene. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iv. i. 11 She will out-strip all praise And make it halt, behinde her. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 143 And close behind him follow'd she. View more context for this quotation 1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the First 9 Joy behind joy, in endless Perspective! 1808 W. Scott Marmion i. vii. 28 Behind him rode two gallant squires. b. with reference to any kind of progress, attainment, or position or order attained: Inferior to. ΚΠ 1526 Bible (Tyndale) 2 Cor. xi. 5 I suppose that I was not behynde the chefe apostles. 1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. vi. 58 Beasts though otherwise behind men, may..in actions of sense and phancy goe beyond them. 1625 C. Burges New Discouery Personal Tithes 24 The practise of such as are behind him in estate. 1823 C. Lamb Mackery End in Elia 178 Bridget in some things is behind her years. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 68 They were some centuries behind their neighbours in knowledge. c. To be behind the times: see time n. 6a. Also attributive. ΚΠ 1905 Daily Chron. 14 Feb. 6/3 A slow-going, old-fashioned, behind-the-times country. 4. Later than, after (the set time), i.e. after the set time has passed. In ‘behind time’ there is an expression of blame not present in ‘after time’. ΚΠ a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iv. i. 181 If you..come one minute behinde your houre. View more context for this quotation 1632 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. xxvi. 98 We be but half-hungered of Christ here, and many a time dine behind noon. 1853 C. Brontë Villette II. xvii. 19 ‘Ten minutes behind his time,’ said she. II. With the object at rest. 5. a. In the space lying to the rear of, on the back side of (a person, or object that has a front and back). behind fortifications, etc.: inside of, so as to be defended by them. ΚΠ c1175 Lamb. Hom. 165 He is buuen us and bineþen, biforen and bihinden. a1225 Juliana 73 Bihinden hare schuldren. c1300 K. Alis. 2013 Y wol..faste bynde, His honden his rug byhynde. c1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 553 He hadde, bihinden his paleys, A fair gardin. 1611 Bible (King James) Exod. xiv. 19 The pillar of the cloud..stood behinde them. View more context for this quotation 1760 S. Johnson Idler 9 Feb. 41 They..wondered how a Youth of Spirit could spend the Prime of Life behind a Counter. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. iii. 55 Next morning I took my daughter behind me, and set out on my return home. 1849 C. Kingsley Prose Idylls (1875) 295 The gentleman from Lloyd's with the pen behind his ear. b. figurative. At the back of (any one) as a support; backing (one) up. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > position at the back > at the back of or behind [preposition] afterOE in (also on) the rearward of1591 in (also at, within) (the) rear of1604 on, upon the back (of)1614 back of1694 rearward1778 behind1882 in back ofa1910 1882 Pall Mall Gaz. 24 June 1 The great arbitragists who have behind them the wealthy financial houses in London. 6. a. On the farther side of (an object) from the spectator or point of reference; beyond. ΚΠ a1400 Chester Pl. 209 Alas! that I were awaie Ferre behynde France! c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 653 Þe burde byhynde þe dor for busmar laȝed. 1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Gothick Warre iv. 120 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian All behinde the end of the Euxine is Lazica. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 106 Behind the Mountain, or beyond the Flood. View more context for this quotation 1820 J. Keats Eve of St. Agnes in Lamia & Other Poems 88 He stood, hid..Behind a broad hall-pillar. 1832 H. Martineau Life in Wilds i. 3 The mountains behind the Cape of Good Hope. b. figurative. At the back of, hidden by; on the side remote from one's observation. ΚΠ 1866 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 1st Ser. 198 Behind every phenomenon we must assume a power. c. behind the scenes: see behind the scenes at scene n. Phrases 4. behind-scene = behind-the-scenes at scene n. Phrases 4c. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > privacy > [adjective] > out of public view behind-scene1841 behind the scenes1841 offstage1904 back room1941 backstage1950 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > privacy > [adverb] > out of public view out of the way1554 behind the curtain1677 in pectore1679 in petto1712 behind the scenes1841 in (or into, out of) purdah1912 offstage1959 1841 E. FitzGerald Let. 16 Jan. (1889) I. 64 And go right through it [sc. a picture] into some behind-scene world on the other side. 1968 J. Wainwright Web of Silence 100 It hit the headlines..but it didn't help the behind-scene manœuvring. 7. Backwards from (oneself), towards what lies in the rear of. (With look and equivalent verbs.) ΚΠ c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iii. xii. 108 Yif he loke byhynden hym. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xix. 26 The wijf of hym [Lot], biholdynge bihynde her. 1611 Bible (King James) Judges xx. 40 The Benjamites looked behind them. View more context for this quotation 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 6. ⁋13 Venturing to look behind him. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §14. 94 The prospect..behind us..grew worse. 8. a. Into the space lying to the rear of, to the back or farther side of. ΚΠ 1250 Laȝamon Brut 26057 Arthur..storte bi-hinde an treo. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 643 By-hyndyn the mast begynnyth he to fle. 1611 Bible (King James) Matt. xxvi. 23 Get thee behind mee, Satan. View more context for this quotation 1611 Bible (King James) 2 Kings ix. 19 Turne thee behinde me. View more context for this quotation 1887 N.E.D. at Behind Mod. The mouse ran behind the sideboard. The sun has sunk behind the mountains. b. figurative. Out of attention or consideration. ΚΠ 1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic III. v. i. 179 The plan of Don John..I put entirely behind me. III. phr. 9. behind (one's) back has been used as a more emphatic expression for behind (one), in all senses; but now spec. in sense A. 2, in which behind-backs also occurs in Scottish use. ΚΠ 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xxii. 13 Abraham..sawe bihynd his bak a wether among the thornes. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 980 Þe balleful burde..Blusched byhynden her bak. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1816) I. 307 To say of me wrong or shame behind my back. 1611 Bible (King James) Exod. xxiii. 35 Thou hast forgotten me, and cast me behinde thy backe [1388 Wyclif, behynde thi bodi] . View more context for this quotation 1645 S. Rutherford Tryal & Trivmph of Faith (1845) 78 The Father and the Son are speaking of thee behind backs. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 109. ⁋5 Sir Andrew Freeport has said behind my Back, that, etc. 1782 T. Newton Wks. II. xxii. 460 The flatterer will..trumpet forth your praises behind your back. c1817 J. Hogg Tales & Sketches IV. 14 Tibby was sitting behind backs enjoying the meal. 1864 M. B. Smedley Linnet's Trial I. iii. i. 303 I should be very sorry not to defend people behind their backs. C. n. 1. (colloquial and vulgar): The back side or rear part (of the person or of a garment); the posteriors. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > back behind1786 the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > back > buttock(s) > [noun] flitcha700 arse-endseOE culec1220 buttockc1300 tail1303 toutec1305 nagea1325 fundamentc1325 tail-end1377 brawna1382 buma1387 bewschers?a1400 crouponc1400 rumplec1430 lendc1440 nachec1440 luddocka1475 rearwarda1475 croupc1475 rumpc1475 dock1508 hurdies1535 bunc1538 sitting place1545 bottom?c1550 prat1567 nates1581 backside1593 crupper1594 posteriorums1596 catastrophe1600 podex1601 posterior1605 seat1607 poop1611 stern1631 cheek1639 breeka1642 doup1653 bumkin1658 bumfiddle1661 assa1672 butt1675 quarter1678 foundation1681 toby1681 bung1691 rear1716 fud1722 moon1756 derrière1774 rass1790 stern-post1810 sit-down1812 hinderland1817 hinderling1817 nancy1819 ultimatum1823 behinda1830 duff?1837 botty1842 rear end1851 latter end1852 hinder?1857 sit1862 sit-me-down1866 stern-works1879 tuchus1886 jacksy-pardy1891 sit-upon1910 can1913 truck-end1913 sitzfleisch1916 B.T.M.1919 fanny1919 bot1922 heinie1922 beam1929 yas yas1929 keister1931 batty1935 bim1935 arse-end1937 twat1937 okole1938 bahookie1939 bohunkus1941 quoit1941 patoot1942 rusty-dusty1942 dinger1943 jacksie1943 zatch1950 ding1957 booty1959 patootie1959 buns1960 wazoo1961 tush1962 1786 H. Mackenzie in Lounger No. 54. 215 Two young Ladies..with new Hats on their heads, new Bosoms, and new Behinds in a band-box. a1830 King George IV in Sat. Rev. (1862) 8 Feb. Go and do my bidding—tell him he lies, and kick his behind in my name! 1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. ix. 113 That I might not have the front of my trowsers torn as well as the behind. 1926 D. H. Lawrence Let. 19 Jan. (1932) 647 Lucky I'm not a professional behind-kicker. 1928 G. B. Shaw Intell. Woman's Guide Socialism lxxiv. 362 You can say ‘If I catch you doing that again I will..smack your behind’. 2. a. Australian Rules Football. A scoring kick that earns one point (see quot. 1968¹). Also attributive. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > Australian football > [noun] > actions or manoeuvres free1859 handball1859 hand-balling1867 goal-kicking1871 handballing1883 behind1888 ball-up1890 minor1903 handpass1931 1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 23 July 6/2 The visitors won by five goals and ten behinds to four goals and eight behinds. 1890 Melbourne Punch 14 Aug. 107/2 South Melbourne 3 goals 10 behinds. 1968 R. D. Eagleson & I. McKie Terminol. Austral. Nat. Football i. 14 A behind is scored when the ball, after being kicked, is touched by or touches any player before passing through the goal posts; or when it touches a goal post; or when it passes immediately above a goal post or between a goal post and a behind post; or when it is kicked or knocked through the goal posts by one of the defending players. 1968 R. D. Eagleson & I. McKie Terminol. Austral. Nat. Football i. 15 Behind line, the line between the goal and behind posts. 1968 R. D. Eagleson & I. McKie Terminol. Austral. Nat. Football i. 15 Behind post, a post seven yards to the side of a goal post, and not as tall as the goal post. b. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > other forms of football > [noun] > Eton > player wall1864 behind1898 1898 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport II. 143 [article Eton football] Each side consists of the ‘bully’, outsides, and behinds, but all except the behinds are commonly spoken of as ‘the bully’. 1898 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport II. 143 The ‘behinds’ are ‘short’ and ‘long behind’ and ‘goals’. Compounds † behind-back adv. (also behind-backs) Obsolete see A. 9. behind-forth adv. obsolete from behind forward. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > [adverb] > from behind behind-fortha1398 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. lxvii. 1219 Þe leopard..reseþ on him byhyndeforþ wiþ bytyng and wiþ clowes. behind-rider n. a rear guard. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier with special duty > [noun] > member of rearguard behind-rider1471 1471 Hist. Arriv. Edw. IV (1838) 14 A good bande of speres and archars his behynd-rydars. behind-sight n. (as contrast to foresight) backward view, retrospection.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 8 Feb. 1/1 If our foresight were as good as our ‘behindsight,’ many disasters would never happen. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < adv.prep.n.c900
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