behovebehoovev.

/bɪˈhəʊv/

/bɪˈhuːv/

Forms: Old English behófian, Middle English behouen, bihouen, (Middle English bihofen, biheouen, bioue, behafe), Middle English bihoue, byhoue, (Middle English behowe, byhufe, behowue, behowf), Middle English–1500s behuif, Middle English–1600s behoue, (Middle English behofe), 1500s behooue, ( bihoove, behoofe, behuf, behof), 1500s– behoove, Middle English– behove. past tense behoved, (Middle English byhod). For contracted impersonal forms, see bus v.¹

Etymology: Old English bi- , behófian (corresponding to Middle Low German behoven , Middle Dutch and Dutch behoeven ), < bihóf n.: see behoof n. Lit. ‘to be of behoof or use.’ Historically, it rhymes with move, prove, but being now mainly a literary word, it is generally made to rhyme with rove, grove, by those who know it only in books. Compare prove, proof: behove, behoof. The spelling with -oo- is now restricted to the United States.

†1. transitive. To have use for or need of, to require; to be in want of. (Object originally genitive.) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > need or want > need [verb (transitive)]

behovec890

to have mister ofc1300

needa1382

requirec1392

misterc1450

lack1530

note1710

c890 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. iv. v Mycel wund behófaþ mycles læcedomes.

c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 440 Þeah þa scearp þanclan witan..þisse engliscan geþeodnesse ne behofien.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 63 Swa bi-houeð þe saule fode.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 281/2 Somme sekenes in the legge whiche behoueth a medycyne.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Chron. (1812) I. 626 One of the most strongest townes of the worlde; for it behoveth mo than ii. C. M. men to besiege it rounde.

a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) i. 39 He had all those Endowments..which are behoved in a Scholar.

†2. To be physically of use, needful, or necessary to; (only in 3rd person). Obsolete. Object originally dative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > be necessary to or for a person [verb (transitive)]

behove1154

need?c1225

(it) needs onea1387

1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1137 §6 Al þat heom behoued.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 65 He us ȝeue..þet us bihoueð ulche dei.

c1230 Hali Meid. 27 Me beheoueð his help.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 177 Ech [erne] ys in a roche hym sulf..Vor hem byhoueþ muche mete.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2349 Alle harneys þat be-houes to werre.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes ii. xxxi. 142 Gonnes and the pouldre that behoueth therto.

c1522 T. More Treat. Memorare Nouissima in Wks. (1557) I. 90 Labour..to geate that thee and thyne behoueth.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 942 Behoves him now both Oare and Saile.

a. To be morally needful or requisite to; to be incumbent, proper, or due.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > [verb (transitive)]

birc950

oughtOE

behovec1175

dowa1225

liea1225

owea1250

it stands one upona1393

liea1400

busc1400

hovec1450

to stand (a person) in (also on) handc1555

import1561

stand1602

befit1604

to stand on ——1608

to lie with1885

society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (intransitive)]

shallc700

behovec1175

fallc1175

sita1393

fit1574

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 109 Þan alden bihouað duȝende þewas.

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (1865) I. 67 Ouþer vnderstondynge bihoueþ of þe ryueres of Paradys, þan auctours writeþ.

?1548 J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature iii. sig. Cv Those are perswaded, all thynges them to behoue.

c1572 W. Forrest Theophilus 358 in Anglia (1884) 7 91 I will..Informe him what doth behoue in þis case.

a1677 J. Taylor Contempl. State Man (1684) ii. vi. 240 They informed him of the King's Testament, and what behoved him.

1860 R. C. Trench Serm. in Westm. Abbey xiv. 158 If this behoves in the time of a great joy, it behoves still more in the time of a great sorrow.

b. To befit, be due to; to belong, pertain, suit.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (transitive)] > be due to or belong to as right

befallc1175

concern1451

behove1470

appertain1483

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1816) II. 221 This shield behoveth to no man but unto sir Galahad.

1485 W. Caxton tr. Paris & Vienne (1957) 57 Now see I wel that now me byhoueth noo hoope ne truste.

1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) i. vii. sig. f.ii v It behoueth unto all the moost grete clerkes.

1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. xx. 827 We wold haue them in reuerence as to their case behooveth.

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles vi. ix. 233 With honour, as behoved To page the monarch dearly loved.

1881 D. G. Rossetti Ballads & Sonnets 119 To such bright cheer and courtesy That name might best behove.

4. quasi-impersonal (the subject being a clause). In early Middle English without it, which is now ordinarily used.

a. with the thing incumbent expressed by an infinitive, and with personal object: It is incumbent upon or necessary for (a person) to do (something).

ΚΠ

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 16706 Bihofeþþ..Þe manness sune onn erþe. To wurrþenn hofenn upp.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Sam. iv. 10 To whom it hadde bihouid [a1425 it bihofte] me to ȝeue mede.

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 927 A gret cite..Yow byhod haue.

1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. eviij^v/1 Vs byhoueth fyrst to passe by thys brydge.

1591 E. Spenser Virgil's Gnat in Complaints sig. K She..Obseru'd th' appointed way, as her behooued.

1611 Bible (King James) Heb. ii. 17 In all things it behooued him to bee made like vnto his brethren.

1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης iii. 23 Wherfore did he goe at all, it behooving him to know there were two Statutes that declar'd he ought first to have acquainted the Parlament.

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters iii. 341 It behooves the more weakly..to be more cautious.

1792 E. Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 33 It greatly behoved government to keep its temper.

1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. II. 354 It behoved him to keep on good terms with his pupils.

a1854 H. Reed Lect. Eng. Lit. (1878) i. 28 What books does it behoove me to know?

1952 M. McCarthy Groves of Academe (1953) iii. 40 It behooved him to tread warily with Domna.

1955 Sci. Amer. Aug. 71/1 It behooves us to know as much as possible about this problem.

b. without personal object: It is proper or due. archaic.

ΚΠ

a1240 Wohunge in Cott. Hom. 275 Bihoues þurh þi grace ȝapliche to wite me.

1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 945 God war worthy mare to be lufed Þan any creature, and swa byhufed.

1563 J. Shute First Groundes Archit. sig. Diiii^v Now it behoueth to make mention of an other order.

1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 29 Two..things, The which to measure it doth more behove.

1876 A. C. Swinburne Erechtheus 1452 Yet no pause behoves it make.

c. the thing incumbent expressed by a clause. archaic.

ΚΠ

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xviii. 6 Behofas [c975 Rushw. beþearfeþ] him þæt he gehongiga coern-stan.

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. John xviii. 14 Behofað þætte an monn sie dead fore ðæm folce.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 17966 Itt bihofeþþ wel Þatt he nu forrþwarrd waxe.

a1240 Sawles Warde 247.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum 403 It behouys that the blynde bere the halte.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vi. 114 And than behufit [1489 Adv. behuffyt], he chesit him ane Of thir twa.

1533 W. Tyndale Souper of Lorde 31 It behoveth, that the son of man must die.

1547 Certain Serm. or Homilies Read. Script. ii, in J. Griffiths Two Bks. Homilies (1859) i. 15 It behooveth not, that such..should set aside reading.

a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) i. v. 126 It behooves, likewise, that you give some roome and place to those that speake to you.

1860 G. J. Adler tr. C. C. Fauriel Hist. Provençal Poetry xvii. 389 It well behooves that every faithful friend..should dread to disclose..his passion.

†d. the thing incumbent elliptically omitted. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 75 He nis nawiht alse leful alse him bi-houede.

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxxix/1 The sacramentis freely to make and bere to whom it behouythe.

1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 19 If he be of such worth as behoovs him.

a. Used, owing to confusion between the accusative and nominative (see first two quots.), as a personal verb: To be under obligation (to do); = must needs, ought, have. Of northern origin, and since 1500 only Scottish.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > [verb (intransitive)]

haveeOE

oweOE

byrc1175

needc1395

busc1400

had needa1425

behovec1475

fall1681

note1789

ought1816

oughta1840

c1340 R. Rolle Prose Treat. (1866) 5 Þe nam of Ihesu es helefull and nedys by-houys be lufed of all.

c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋557 A servaunt of God bihoveth nought to chide.]

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 31 Swelk men be howuen tak hede.

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 101 The..craft that he behoueth to obserue & kepe.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xv. 103 We behufit fyrst to reueil it.

1637 G. Gillespie Dispute against Eng.-Popish Ceremonies ii. ix. 52 He behooved to offend the Iewes.

1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. II. viii. 45 They behoved to esteem them traitors.

1832 W. Hamilton in Edinb. Rev. Oct. 161 He behoved..clearly to determine the value of the principal terms.

†b. To owe. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > indebtedness > owe [verb (transitive)]

shallc975

owec1175

ought1483

behove1496

rest1503

tick1674

to run up1684

ought1822

1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) iv. 24/2 He that moche hath byhoueth moche. And he that hath lesse byhoueth lesse.

6. error for behote n.

ΚΠ

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur i. xxxix. 72 ‘Then I behove you,’ said Balin, ‘part of his blood to heal your son withal.’

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. Cxviv/2 Promyttynge and behofynge by ye fayth of his body worde of his Princehode, and kyngis sonne.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	behove
释义	† behovebyhoueadj. Etymology: < behove v. Obsolete. In want. Cf. biheve n. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > [adjective] > poor havelessOE unrichOE waedlec1000 armOE nakedOE helplessc1175 wantsomec1175 poora1200 barec1220 needfula1225 misease?c1225 unwealya1300 needyc1325 feeblec1330 poorful1372 mischievousc1390 miseasedc1390 indigentc1400 meanc1400 naughtyc1400 succourless1412 unwealthyc1412 behove1413 misterousa1425 misterfulc1480 miserablec1485 beggarly1545 starved1563 threadbare1577 penurious1590 fortuneless1596 wealthless1605 wantful1607 necessitous1611 inopulent1613 titheless1615 egene1631 starveling1638 necessitated1646 inopious1656 parsimonious1782 unopulent1782 lacking1805 bushed1819 obolary1820 ill-to-do1853 down at heel1856 po'1866 needsome1870 down-at-heeled1884 rocky1921 1413 J. Lydgate Pilgr. of Sowle (1483) i. xv. 13 I that am poure and hugely byhoue, Of help I pray yow of almysdede. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2021). behovebehoovev. /bɪˈhəʊv//bɪˈhuːv/ Forms: Old English behófian, Middle English behouen, bihouen, (Middle English bihofen, biheouen, bioue, behafe), Middle English bihoue, byhoue, (Middle English behowe, byhufe, behowue, behowf), Middle English–1500s behuif, Middle English–1600s behoue, (Middle English behofe), 1500s behooue, ( bihoove, behoofe, behuf, behof), 1500s– behoove, Middle English– behove. past tense behoved, (Middle English byhod). For contracted impersonal forms, see bus v.¹ Etymology: Old English bi- , behófian (corresponding to Middle Low German behoven , Middle Dutch and Dutch behoeven ), < bihóf n.: see behoof n. Lit. ‘to be of behoof or use.’ Historically, it rhymes with move, prove, but being now mainly a literary word, it is generally made to rhyme with rove, grove, by those who know it only in books. Compare prove, proof: behove, behoof. The spelling with -oo- is now restricted to the United States. †1. transitive. To have use for or need of, to require; to be in want of. (Object originally genitive.) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > need or want > need [verb (transitive)] behovec890 to have mister ofc1300 needa1382 requirec1392 misterc1450 lack1530 note1710 c890 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. iv. v Mycel wund behófaþ mycles læcedomes. c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 440 Þeah þa scearp þanclan witan..þisse engliscan geþeodnesse ne behofien. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 63 Swa bi-houeð þe saule fode. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 281/2 Somme sekenes in the legge whiche behoueth a medycyne. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Chron. (1812) I. 626 One of the most strongest townes of the worlde; for it behoveth mo than ii. C. M. men to besiege it rounde. a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) i. 39 He had all those Endowments..which are behoved in a Scholar. †2. To be physically of use, needful, or necessary to; (only in 3rd person). Obsolete. Object originally dative. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > be necessary to or for a person [verb (transitive)] behove1154 need?c1225 (it) needs onea1387 1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1137 §6 Al þat heom behoued. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 65 He us ȝeue..þet us bihoueð ulche dei. c1230 Hali Meid. 27 Me beheoueð his help. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 177 Ech [erne] ys in a roche hym sulf..Vor hem byhoueþ muche mete. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2349 Alle harneys þat be-houes to werre. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes ii. xxxi. 142 Gonnes and the pouldre that behoueth therto. c1522 T. More Treat. Memorare Nouissima in Wks. (1557) I. 90 Labour..to geate that thee and thyne behoueth. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 942 Behoves him now both Oare and Saile. View more context for this quotation 3. a. To be morally needful or requisite to; to be incumbent, proper, or due. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > [verb (transitive)] birc950 oughtOE behovec1175 dowa1225 liea1225 owea1250 it stands one upona1393 liea1400 busc1400 hovec1450 to stand (a person) in (also on) handc1555 import1561 stand1602 befit1604 to stand on ——1608 to lie with1885 society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (intransitive)] shallc700 behovec1175 fallc1175 sita1393 fit1574 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 109 Þan alden bihouað duȝende þewas. 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (1865) I. 67 Ouþer vnderstondynge bihoueþ of þe ryueres of Paradys, þan auctours writeþ. ?1548 J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature iii. sig. Cv Those are perswaded, all thynges them to behoue. c1572 W. Forrest Theophilus 358 in Anglia (1884) 7 91 I will..Informe him what doth behoue in þis case. a1677 J. Taylor Contempl. State Man (1684) ii. vi. 240 They informed him of the King's Testament, and what behoved him. 1860 R. C. Trench Serm. in Westm. Abbey xiv. 158 If this behoves in the time of a great joy, it behoves still more in the time of a great sorrow. b. To befit, be due to; to belong, pertain, suit. ΘΚΠ society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (transitive)] > be due to or belong to as right befallc1175 concern1451 behove1470 appertain1483 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1816) II. 221 This shield behoveth to no man but unto sir Galahad. 1485 W. Caxton tr. Paris & Vienne (1957) 57 Now see I wel that now me byhoueth noo hoope ne truste. 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) i. vii. sig. f.ii v It behoueth unto all the moost grete clerkes. 1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. xx. 827 We wold haue them in reuerence as to their case behooveth. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles vi. ix. 233 With honour, as behoved To page the monarch dearly loved. 1881 D. G. Rossetti Ballads & Sonnets 119 To such bright cheer and courtesy That name might best behove. 4. quasi-impersonal (the subject being a clause). In early Middle English without it, which is now ordinarily used. a. with the thing incumbent expressed by an infinitive, and with personal object: It is incumbent upon or necessary for (a person) to do (something). ΚΠ c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 16706 Bihofeþþ..Þe manness sune onn erþe. To wurrþenn hofenn upp. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Sam. iv. 10 To whom it hadde bihouid [a1425 it bihofte] me to ȝeue mede. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 927 A gret cite..Yow byhod haue. 1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. eviij^v/1 Vs byhoueth fyrst to passe by thys brydge. 1591 E. Spenser Virgil's Gnat in Complaints sig. K She..Obseru'd th' appointed way, as her behooued. 1611 Bible (King James) Heb. ii. 17 In all things it behooued him to bee made like vnto his brethren. View more context for this quotation 1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης iii. 23 Wherfore did he goe at all, it behooving him to know there were two Statutes that declar'd he ought first to have acquainted the Parlament. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters iii. 341 It behooves the more weakly..to be more cautious. 1792 E. Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 33 It greatly behoved government to keep its temper. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. II. 354 It behoved him to keep on good terms with his pupils. a1854 H. Reed Lect. Eng. Lit. (1878) i. 28 What books does it behoove me to know? 1952 M. McCarthy Groves of Academe (1953) iii. 40 It behooved him to tread warily with Domna. 1955 Sci. Amer. Aug. 71/1 It behooves us to know as much as possible about this problem. b. without personal object: It is proper or due. archaic. ΚΠ a1240 Wohunge in Cott. Hom. 275 Bihoues þurh þi grace ȝapliche to wite me. 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 945 God war worthy mare to be lufed Þan any creature, and swa byhufed. 1563 J. Shute First Groundes Archit. sig. Diiii^v Now it behoueth to make mention of an other order. 1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 29 Two..things, The which to measure it doth more behove. 1876 A. C. Swinburne Erechtheus 1452 Yet no pause behoves it make. c. the thing incumbent expressed by a clause. archaic. ΚΠ c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xviii. 6 Behofas [c975 Rushw. beþearfeþ] him þæt he gehongiga coern-stan. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. John xviii. 14 Behofað þætte an monn sie dead fore ðæm folce. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 17966 Itt bihofeþþ wel Þatt he nu forrþwarrd waxe. a1240 Sawles Warde 247. c1440 Gesta Romanorum 403 It behouys that the blynde bere the halte. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vi. 114 And than behufit [1489 Adv. behuffyt], he chesit him ane Of thir twa. 1533 W. Tyndale Souper of Lorde 31 It behoveth, that the son of man must die. 1547 Certain Serm. or Homilies Read. Script. ii, in J. Griffiths Two Bks. Homilies (1859) i. 15 It behooveth not, that such..should set aside reading. a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) i. v. 126 It behooves, likewise, that you give some roome and place to those that speake to you. 1860 G. J. Adler tr. C. C. Fauriel Hist. Provençal Poetry xvii. 389 It well behooves that every faithful friend..should dread to disclose..his passion. †d. the thing incumbent elliptically omitted. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1175 Lamb. Hom. 75 He nis nawiht alse leful alse him bi-houede. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxxix/1 The sacramentis freely to make and bere to whom it behouythe. 1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 19 If he be of such worth as behoovs him. 5. a. Used, owing to confusion between the accusative and nominative (see first two quots.), as a personal verb: To be under obligation (to do); = must needs, ought, have. Of northern origin, and since 1500 only Scottish. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > [verb (intransitive)] haveeOE oweOE byrc1175 needc1395 busc1400 had needa1425 behovec1475 fall1681 note1789 ought1816 oughta1840 c1340 R. Rolle Prose Treat. (1866) 5 Þe nam of Ihesu es helefull and nedys by-houys be lufed of all. c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋557 A servaunt of God bihoveth nought to chide.] c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 31 Swelk men be howuen tak hede. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 101 The..craft that he behoueth to obserue & kepe. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xv. 103 We behufit fyrst to reueil it. 1637 G. Gillespie Dispute against Eng.-Popish Ceremonies ii. ix. 52 He behooved to offend the Iewes. 1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. II. viii. 45 They behoved to esteem them traitors. 1832 W. Hamilton in Edinb. Rev. Oct. 161 He behoved..clearly to determine the value of the principal terms. †b. To owe. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > indebtedness > owe [verb (transitive)] shallc975 owec1175 ought1483 behove1496 rest1503 tick1674 to run up1684 ought1822 1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) iv. 24/2 He that moche hath byhoueth moche. And he that hath lesse byhoueth lesse. 6. error for behote n. ΚΠ 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur i. xxxix. 72 ‘Then I behove you,’ said Balin, ‘part of his blood to heal your son withal.’ c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. Cxviv/2 Promyttynge and behofynge by ye fayth of his body worde of his Princehode, and kyngis sonne. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1413v.c890
随便看	taxi out taxi plane taxi queue taxi rank taxi ride taxi service taxi squad taxi squadder taxi stage taxi stand taxi station taxi strip taxi track taxi wallah taxi work taxi- taxi-dance hall taxi-truck taxiarch taxicab taxicab distance taxicab door taxicab driver taxicab geometry taxicab metric

† behovebyhoueadj.

behovebehoovev.