pidginn.

Brit.

/ˈpɪdʒ(ᵻ)n/, U.S.

/ˈpɪdʒᵻn/

Forms: 1800s– pidgeon, 1800s– pidgin, 1800s– pidjin, 1800s– pidjun, 1800s– pigeon.

Origin: A borrowing from Chinese Pidgin English. Etymon: Chinese Pidgin English pidgin.

Etymology: < Chinese Pidgin English pidgin business < English business n.Numerous 19th-cent. sources give this etymology; compare1845 J. R. Peters Misc. Remarks upon Chinese vii. 73 Pidgeon, is the common Chinese pronunciation of business.1850 J. Berncastle Voy. China II. 65 The Chinese not being able to pronounce the word ‘business’, called it ‘bigeon’, which has degenerated into ‘pigeon’, so that this word is in constant use.1873 Macmillan's Mag. Nov. 45 The strange jargon known as ‘Pigeon English’..derives its name from a series of changes in the word Business... The Chinaman contracted it to Busin, and then through the change of Pishin to Pigeon. The development in Chinese Pidgin English was perhaps via an intermediate form /ˈpɪdʒɪnɪs/ (with replacement of English /z/ before a consonant by /dʒɪ/), the final syllable of which was taken as a plural inflection and dropped. The spelling pigeon has been commonly used in sense 1b, as if a use of pigeon n.

a. Business; an action, occupation, or affair. Now archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > duties > [noun]

wikec1000

workOE

wikenc1175

misterc1225

curec1300

officec1330

ward1338

duty1375

parta1382

businessc1400

commissionc1450

besoigne1474

roomth?1504

function1533

exercitation1737

pidgin1807

job1841

biz1862

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > affair, business, concern > [noun]

thingeOE

charec897

cause1393

gleea1400

affaira1425

articlea1425

conversement1455

concernment1495

subject?1541

gear1545

concerning1604

concern1659

interest1674

lookout1795

show1797

pidgin1807

put-in1853

chip1896

thang1932

1807 R. Morrison Jrnl. in Jrnl. Asian Pacific Communication (1990) 1 93 Ting-qua led me into a Poo Saat Mew, a temple of Poo Saat. ‘This Jos’, pointing to the idol, said he ‘take care of fire “pigeon”, fire “business”’.

1834 Dublin Univ. Mag. 4 145/1 ‘I wish you would tell me where Stubbs is at present.’ ‘Tubbs! Tubbs! massa me tell him true, my no sabe dat pigeon!’

1862 W. Tarrant Hongkong i. 119 It only stopped the private ‘pidgin’ for a time;—‘the wicked and corrupt of government’ of a later day permitting the old thing over and over again.

2003 Daily Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 25 July 30 The slightly more witty but also historical New Zealand version mind your own pigeon (pigeon here being derived from pidgin, business, as in Pidgin English).

b. to be a person's pigeon: to be a person's concern, responsibility, or area of interest or expertise.

ΘΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > be occupied or busy (in or at something) [verb (intransitive)] > conduct affairs > be someone's business or affair

to be a person's pigeon1902

1902 Bulletin (Sydney) 27 Dec. 32/1 Guarding a house is ‘not their pidgin’ as the Chinese say... One dog one billet is their motto.

1904 R. Kipling Traffics & Discov. 293 ‘What about their musketry average?’ I went on. ‘Not my pidgin,’ said Bayley.

1924 G. H. L. Mallory Let. 11 May in E. F. Norton et al. Fight for Everest: 1924 (1925) ii. 233 Geoffrey Bruce whose ‘pigeon’ it is to deal with the porters.

1961 L. P. Hartley Two for River 45 Well, you do something, Thomas Henry, it's your pigeon.

1989 P. D. James Devices & Desires xxiv. 173 This isn't his pigeon. He's probably in bed.

2. Originally: pidgin English. Subsequently gen.: a language containing lexical and other features from two or more languages, characteristically with simplified grammar and a smaller vocabulary than the languages from which it is derived, used for communication between people not having a common language; a lingua franca.Frequently used to denote languages which are spoken as a second language by all their users, but also for the first languages of certain regions. Cf. Creole n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [noun] > creole or mixed language

patroillart1340

mixed language1592

jargon1643

lingua franca1666

Frank1681

polyglot1715

olla podrida1850

pidgin1869

Creole1871

Mischsprache1930

creolized language1932

Melanesian Pidgin1942

1869 Galaxy Apr. 599 An Englishman lately translated into Pigeon the familiar address ‘My name is Norval; on the Grampian Hills my father feeds his flocks’, and the result was—‘My name b'long Norval. Top side Keh-lam-pian hill; my fader chow-chow he sheep’.

a1894 R. L. Stevenson In South Seas (1896) i. ii. 9 The natives themselves have often scraped up a little English, and in the French zone (though far less commonly) a little French–English, or an efficient pidgin, what is called to the westward ‘Beach-la-Mar’, comes easy to the Polynesian.

1915 Lit. Digest 4 Dec. 1314/2 We are presented with the story of the Garden of Eden, done into Pidgin.

1943 R. A. Hall Melanesian Pidgin Eng. 9 In the absence of native speakers, Pidgin does not present the same constant features of pronunciation and grammatical usage as do major languages.

1978 Verbatim Feb. 10/1 Both authors hold to..the Creolist theory, which traces the present-day Black English vernacular to a Plantation Creole, to a plantation-maritime pidgin, to an African origin.

1996 Eng. Today Oct. 54/1 A language that some scholars today..call Cameroon Pidgin, an English-related West African coastal pidgin.

Compounds

C1.

pidgin English n. a pidgin in which the chief language is English. Also depreciative: a simplified, imperfect, or debased form of English.Chiefly used to denote the English-based pidgins of southern China and Melanesia.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > pidgins and creoles > [noun] > English-based > Pacific

pidgin English1853

business English1855

Ningre Tongo1858

trade English1896

Pitcairnese1937

Tok Pisin1943

Sranan Tongo1953

Neo-Melanesian1955

1853 B. Taylor Let. 8 Sept. in N.Y. Daily Tribune (1854) 11 July 6/5 Whoever first invented the ‘pigeon English’, as it is called—the jargon used by foreigners in their intercourse with Chinese—deserves an immortality of ridicule.

1855 Knickerbocker June 574 A majority of the Chinese who have dealings with us outsiders, speak what is called by them ‘pigeon or business English’.

1872 A. D. Carlisle Round World x. 106 The dialect..current between Englishmen and Chinamen..goes by the name of Pigeon-English.

1891 Argus (Melbourne) 7 Nov. 13/4 That ridiculous pigeon-English which the whites have used..throughout Queensland..as their medium of communication with the blacks.

1943 T. W. Lawson Thirty Seconds over Tokyo vi. 82 We were afraid to believe what our new-found knowledge of pidgin-English and gesture-language was telling us.

1996 Independent 24 Feb. (Weekend section) 9/1 Often speaking only Kriol or pidgin English the aboriginal people of the Red Centre are not an easy subject to study.

C2. attributive. Designating a language in pidginized form, esp. in pidgin language. Also in extended use, designating a simplified or hybrid form of something.

1874 W. M. Baines Narr. Edward Crewe 115 Natives will persist in talking easy ‘pigeon’ Maori to new ‘pakehas’.

1883 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 4 518 ‘Pidgin-Melanesian’..is the work of trepang-catchers, whale-men, sandalwood hunters, and missionaries, and a pretty mess it is.

1920 Bull. School Oriental Stud. (1964) 1 iii. 75 This kind of ‘pidgin’ language is used not only to Englishmen, but also by educated natives when talking among themselves.

1944 French Rev. 17 259 A form of Pidgin French known as petit nègre.

1965 P. Strevens Papers in Lang. ix. 120 Esperanto is, in fact, a kind of glorified Pidgin Indo-European.

1968 Economist 14 Dec. 4/1 The Soviet graduates, to whom you refer, are as little satisfied with pidgin marxism as young opinion in the British 1930s was with Mr. Neville Chamberlain.

1991 Lang. in Society 20 481 The chapter on other lexifier languages covers such varieties as Juba Arabic,..Bazaar Malay,..and Pidgin Basque.

1998 A. Dalby Dict. Langs. 187/2 A pidgin language with its roots in Bulu and Ewondo.

Derivatives

ˈpidginist n. Linguistics a student of or expert in pidgin languages; cf. creolist n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [noun] > creole or mixed language > student of

pidginist1915

1915 Lit. Digest 4 Dec. 1314/2 They [sc. Esperantists] have no advantage on the Pidginists. In proof of this, we are presented with the story of the Garden of Eden, done into Pidgin.

1972 J. L. Dillard Black Eng. iii. 112 John Reinecke, in some respects the most remarkable Pidginist of them all.

1987 Eng. World-wide 8 100 The existence of KanE was not widely known among pidginists and creolists before Tom Dutton's pioneering work.

2004 D. T. Tryon & J.-M. Charpentier Pacific Pidgins & Creoles iii. 61 All Pacific pidginists..are in agreement in recognising that pidginisation is the result of different concomitant processes which build up in greater or lesser proportions according to place and circumstance.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pidgin
释义	pidginn. Brit. /ˈpɪdʒ(ᵻ)n/, U.S. /ˈpɪdʒᵻn/ Forms: 1800s– pidgeon, 1800s– pidgin, 1800s– pidjin, 1800s– pidjun, 1800s– pigeon. Origin: A borrowing from Chinese Pidgin English. Etymon: Chinese Pidgin English pidgin. Etymology: < Chinese Pidgin English pidgin business < English business n.Numerous 19th-cent. sources give this etymology; compare1845 J. R. Peters Misc. Remarks upon Chinese vii. 73 Pidgeon, is the common Chinese pronunciation of business.1850 J. Berncastle Voy. China II. 65 The Chinese not being able to pronounce the word ‘business’, called it ‘bigeon’, which has degenerated into ‘pigeon’, so that this word is in constant use.1873 Macmillan's Mag. Nov. 45 The strange jargon known as ‘Pigeon English’..derives its name from a series of changes in the word Business... The Chinaman contracted it to Busin, and then through the change of Pishin to Pigeon. The development in Chinese Pidgin English was perhaps via an intermediate form /ˈpɪdʒɪnɪs/ (with replacement of English /z/ before a consonant by /dʒɪ/), the final syllable of which was taken as a plural inflection and dropped. The spelling pigeon has been commonly used in sense 1b, as if a use of pigeon n. 1. a. Business; an action, occupation, or affair. Now archaic. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > duties > [noun] wikec1000 workOE wikenc1175 misterc1225 curec1300 officec1330 ward1338 duty1375 parta1382 businessc1400 commissionc1450 besoigne1474 roomth?1504 function1533 exercitation1737 pidgin1807 job1841 biz1862 the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > affair, business, concern > [noun] thingeOE charec897 cause1393 gleea1400 affaira1425 articlea1425 conversement1455 concernment1495 subject?1541 gear1545 concerning1604 concern1659 interest1674 lookout1795 show1797 pidgin1807 put-in1853 chip1896 thang1932 1807 R. Morrison Jrnl. in Jrnl. Asian Pacific Communication (1990) 1 93 Ting-qua led me into a Poo Saat Mew, a temple of Poo Saat. ‘This Jos’, pointing to the idol, said he ‘take care of fire “pigeon”, fire “business”’. 1834 Dublin Univ. Mag. 4 145/1 ‘I wish you would tell me where Stubbs is at present.’ ‘Tubbs! Tubbs! massa me tell him true, my no sabe dat pigeon!’ 1862 W. Tarrant Hongkong i. 119 It only stopped the private ‘pidgin’ for a time;—‘the wicked and corrupt of government’ of a later day permitting the old thing over and over again. 2003 Daily Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 25 July 30 The slightly more witty but also historical New Zealand version mind your own pigeon (pigeon here being derived from pidgin, business, as in Pidgin English). b. to be a person's pigeon: to be a person's concern, responsibility, or area of interest or expertise. ΘΠ the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > be occupied or busy (in or at something) [verb (intransitive)] > conduct affairs > be someone's business or affair to be a person's pigeon1902 1902 Bulletin (Sydney) 27 Dec. 32/1 Guarding a house is ‘not their pidgin’ as the Chinese say... One dog one billet is their motto. 1904 R. Kipling Traffics & Discov. 293 ‘What about their musketry average?’ I went on. ‘Not my pidgin,’ said Bayley. 1924 G. H. L. Mallory Let. 11 May in E. F. Norton et al. Fight for Everest: 1924 (1925) ii. 233 Geoffrey Bruce whose ‘pigeon’ it is to deal with the porters. 1961 L. P. Hartley Two for River 45 Well, you do something, Thomas Henry, it's your pigeon. 1989 P. D. James Devices & Desires xxiv. 173 This isn't his pigeon. He's probably in bed. 2. Originally: pidgin English. Subsequently gen.: a language containing lexical and other features from two or more languages, characteristically with simplified grammar and a smaller vocabulary than the languages from which it is derived, used for communication between people not having a common language; a lingua franca.Frequently used to denote languages which are spoken as a second language by all their users, but also for the first languages of certain regions. Cf. Creole n. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [noun] > creole or mixed language patroillart1340 mixed language1592 jargon1643 lingua franca1666 Frank1681 polyglot1715 olla podrida1850 pidgin1869 Creole1871 Mischsprache1930 creolized language1932 Melanesian Pidgin1942 1869 Galaxy Apr. 599 An Englishman lately translated into Pigeon the familiar address ‘My name is Norval; on the Grampian Hills my father feeds his flocks’, and the result was—‘My name b'long Norval. Top side Keh-lam-pian hill; my fader chow-chow he sheep’. a1894 R. L. Stevenson In South Seas (1896) i. ii. 9 The natives themselves have often scraped up a little English, and in the French zone (though far less commonly) a little French–English, or an efficient pidgin, what is called to the westward ‘Beach-la-Mar’, comes easy to the Polynesian. 1915 Lit. Digest 4 Dec. 1314/2 We are presented with the story of the Garden of Eden, done into Pidgin. 1943 R. A. Hall Melanesian Pidgin Eng. 9 In the absence of native speakers, Pidgin does not present the same constant features of pronunciation and grammatical usage as do major languages. 1978 Verbatim Feb. 10/1 Both authors hold to..the Creolist theory, which traces the present-day Black English vernacular to a Plantation Creole, to a plantation-maritime pidgin, to an African origin. 1996 Eng. Today Oct. 54/1 A language that some scholars today..call Cameroon Pidgin, an English-related West African coastal pidgin. Compounds C1. pidgin English n. a pidgin in which the chief language is English. Also depreciative: a simplified, imperfect, or debased form of English.Chiefly used to denote the English-based pidgins of southern China and Melanesia. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > pidgins and creoles > [noun] > English-based > Pacific pidgin English1853 business English1855 Ningre Tongo1858 trade English1896 Pitcairnese1937 Tok Pisin1943 Sranan Tongo1953 Neo-Melanesian1955 1853 B. Taylor Let. 8 Sept. in N.Y. Daily Tribune (1854) 11 July 6/5 Whoever first invented the ‘pigeon English’, as it is called—the jargon used by foreigners in their intercourse with Chinese—deserves an immortality of ridicule. 1855 Knickerbocker June 574 A majority of the Chinese who have dealings with us outsiders, speak what is called by them ‘pigeon or business English’. 1872 A. D. Carlisle Round World x. 106 The dialect..current between Englishmen and Chinamen..goes by the name of Pigeon-English. 1891 Argus (Melbourne) 7 Nov. 13/4 That ridiculous pigeon-English which the whites have used..throughout Queensland..as their medium of communication with the blacks. 1943 T. W. Lawson Thirty Seconds over Tokyo vi. 82 We were afraid to believe what our new-found knowledge of pidgin-English and gesture-language was telling us. 1996 Independent 24 Feb. (Weekend section) 9/1 Often speaking only Kriol or pidgin English the aboriginal people of the Red Centre are not an easy subject to study. C2. attributive. Designating a language in pidginized form, esp. in pidgin language. Also in extended use, designating a simplified or hybrid form of something. Π 1874 W. M. Baines Narr. Edward Crewe 115 Natives will persist in talking easy ‘pigeon’ Maori to new ‘pakehas’. 1883 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 4 518 ‘Pidgin-Melanesian’..is the work of trepang-catchers, whale-men, sandalwood hunters, and missionaries, and a pretty mess it is. 1920 Bull. School Oriental Stud. (1964) 1 iii. 75 This kind of ‘pidgin’ language is used not only to Englishmen, but also by educated natives when talking among themselves. 1944 French Rev. 17 259 A form of Pidgin French known as petit nègre. 1965 P. Strevens Papers in Lang. ix. 120 Esperanto is, in fact, a kind of glorified Pidgin Indo-European. 1968 Economist 14 Dec. 4/1 The Soviet graduates, to whom you refer, are as little satisfied with pidgin marxism as young opinion in the British 1930s was with Mr. Neville Chamberlain. 1991 Lang. in Society 20 481 The chapter on other lexifier languages covers such varieties as Juba Arabic,..Bazaar Malay,..and Pidgin Basque. 1998 A. Dalby Dict. Langs. 187/2 A pidgin language with its roots in Bulu and Ewondo. Derivatives ˈpidginist n. Linguistics a student of or expert in pidgin languages; cf. creolist n. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [noun] > creole or mixed language > student of pidginist1915 1915 Lit. Digest 4 Dec. 1314/2 They [sc. Esperantists] have no advantage on the Pidginists. In proof of this, we are presented with the story of the Garden of Eden, done into Pidgin. 1972 J. L. Dillard Black Eng. iii. 112 John Reinecke, in some respects the most remarkable Pidginist of them all. 1987 Eng. World-wide 8 100 The existence of KanE was not widely known among pidginists and creolists before Tom Dutton's pioneering work. 2004 D. T. Tryon & J.-M. Charpentier Pacific Pidgins & Creoles iii. 61 All Pacific pidginists..are in agreement in recognising that pidginisation is the result of different concomitant processes which build up in greater or lesser proportions according to place and circumstance. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1807
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