photosynthesisn.

Brit.

/ˌfəʊtə(ʊ)ˈsɪnθᵻsɪs/, U.S.

/ˌfoʊdəˈsɪnθəsəs/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: photo- comb. form, synthesis n.

Etymology: < photo- comb. form + synthesis n. With sense 1 compare German Photosynthese (1897 or earlier: see note; now usually Fotosynthese).The word was suggested in 1893 as an alternative to C. R. Barnes's term photosyntax n. (see note at that entry) and found favour with some American botanists: 1894 D. T. MacDougal tr. W. Oels Exper. Plant Physiol. Pref. p. iv In the discussion of the paper Professor Conway MacMillan suggested “Photo-synthesis”, etymologically considered as a more appropriate and accurate term.Its adoption was further encouraged by the use of German Photosynthese in W. Pfeffer's Pflanzenphysiologie (1897), and it rapidly became predominant.

1. The process (or series of processes) by which the energy of light absorbed by chlorophyll is utilized by plants for the synthesis of complex organic compounds from carbon dioxide, with the accompanying oxidation of water to form oxygen. Also: any of various similar processes by which the energy of light is converted to chemical energy for biosynthesis in bacteria, often involving alternative sources of carbon and not resulting in the generation of oxygen.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by nutrition or respiration > [noun] > photosynthesis

photosyntax1893

photosynthesis1893

phototrophy1947

photosystem1964

the world > life > biology > biological processes > light-related processes > [noun] > photosynthesis

light reaction1883

photosyntax1893

photosynthesis1893

1893 C. R. Barnes in Bot. Gaz. 18 410 I have carefully considered the etymology and adaptation..of the word proposed [sc. ‘photosyntax’], and consider it preferable to photosynthesis which naturally occurs as a substitute.

1894 D. T. MacDougal tr. W. Oels Exper. Plant Physiol. 30 By photo-synthesis is understood that power peculiar to chlorophyll by which water, and the carbon dioxide of the air, are decomposed and formed into complex carbon compounds under the action of light.

1902 Encycl. Brit. 31 760/1 The course of photosynthesis has been with tolerable certainty found to lead to the construction of sugar.

1958 R. Y. Stanier et al. Gen. Microbiol. xi. 213 In bacterial photosyntheses, there is also a light-driven reduction of CO₂ to cell material, but oxygen is never produced because water cannot serve as the ultimate hydrogen donor. Instead, the reduction of CO₂ is coupled with the oxidation of externally supplied organic or inorganic hydrogen donors.

1975 H. Smith Photochrome & Photomorphogenesis ii. 15 Photosynthesis presents an excellent example of light and dark reactions acting sequentially.

2004 Nature 13 May p. ix Phytoplankton perform about half the Earth's photosynthesis.

2. Chemistry. The synthesis of a compound by a photochemical reaction. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1913 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 17 561 The author considers..that photochemical processes may be grouped under four heads: photosynthesis; photolysis; photo-isomerization and photo-polymerization; photo-oxidation and photo-reduction.

1914 S. E. Sheppard Photo-chem. vii. 295 The photo-synthesis of phosgene (COCl₂) from chlorine and carbon monoxide..has been studied by several observers.

1927 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 116 198 The photosynthesis of nitrogen compounds was discussed, evidence being brought forward of the production of coniine by the action of light on formaldehyde in the presence of ammonia.

1967 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 301 34 Polanyi..predicted the possibilities of laser action associated with the photosynthesis of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	photosynthesis
释义	photosynthesisn. Brit. /ˌfəʊtə(ʊ)ˈsɪnθᵻsɪs/, U.S. /ˌfoʊdəˈsɪnθəsəs/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: photo- comb. form, synthesis n. Etymology: < photo- comb. form + synthesis n. With sense 1 compare German Photosynthese (1897 or earlier: see note; now usually Fotosynthese).The word was suggested in 1893 as an alternative to C. R. Barnes's term photosyntax n. (see note at that entry) and found favour with some American botanists: 1894 D. T. MacDougal tr. W. Oels Exper. Plant Physiol. Pref. p. iv In the discussion of the paper Professor Conway MacMillan suggested “Photo-synthesis”, etymologically considered as a more appropriate and accurate term.Its adoption was further encouraged by the use of German Photosynthese in W. Pfeffer's Pflanzenphysiologie (1897), and it rapidly became predominant. 1. The process (or series of processes) by which the energy of light absorbed by chlorophyll is utilized by plants for the synthesis of complex organic compounds from carbon dioxide, with the accompanying oxidation of water to form oxygen. Also: any of various similar processes by which the energy of light is converted to chemical energy for biosynthesis in bacteria, often involving alternative sources of carbon and not resulting in the generation of oxygen. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by nutrition or respiration > [noun] > photosynthesis photosyntax1893 photosynthesis1893 phototrophy1947 photosystem1964 the world > life > biology > biological processes > light-related processes > [noun] > photosynthesis light reaction1883 photosyntax1893 photosynthesis1893 1893 C. R. Barnes in Bot. Gaz. 18 410 I have carefully considered the etymology and adaptation..of the word proposed [sc. ‘photosyntax’], and consider it preferable to photosynthesis which naturally occurs as a substitute. 1894 D. T. MacDougal tr. W. Oels Exper. Plant Physiol. 30 By photo-synthesis is understood that power peculiar to chlorophyll by which water, and the carbon dioxide of the air, are decomposed and formed into complex carbon compounds under the action of light. 1902 Encycl. Brit. 31 760/1 The course of photosynthesis has been with tolerable certainty found to lead to the construction of sugar. 1958 R. Y. Stanier et al. Gen. Microbiol. xi. 213 In bacterial photosyntheses, there is also a light-driven reduction of CO₂ to cell material, but oxygen is never produced because water cannot serve as the ultimate hydrogen donor. Instead, the reduction of CO₂ is coupled with the oxidation of externally supplied organic or inorganic hydrogen donors. 1975 H. Smith Photochrome & Photomorphogenesis ii. 15 Photosynthesis presents an excellent example of light and dark reactions acting sequentially. 2004 Nature 13 May p. ix Phytoplankton perform about half the Earth's photosynthesis. 2. Chemistry. The synthesis of a compound by a photochemical reaction. Now rare. ΚΠ 1913 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 17 561 The author considers..that photochemical processes may be grouped under four heads: photosynthesis; photolysis; photo-isomerization and photo-polymerization; photo-oxidation and photo-reduction. 1914 S. E. Sheppard Photo-chem. vii. 295 The photo-synthesis of phosgene (COCl₂) from chlorine and carbon monoxide..has been studied by several observers. 1927 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 116 198 The photosynthesis of nitrogen compounds was discussed, evidence being brought forward of the production of coniine by the action of light on formaldehyde in the presence of ammonia. 1967 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 301 34 Polanyi..predicted the possibilities of laser action associated with the photosynthesis of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1893
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