| 释义 |
phylacteryn. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin phylacterium. Etymology: < post-classical Latin phylacterium (also filacterium, fylacterium, philacterium, etc.: see note) amulet, tefillin (Vetus Latina, Vulgate), container for a holy relic (8th cent.) < ancient Greek ϕυλακτήριον watchman's post, safeguard, in Hellenistic Greek also amulet, tefillin (New Testament, after post-biblical Hebrew tĕpillīn tefillin n.) < ϕυλακτήρ a guard ( < ϕυλακ- , stem of ϕυλάσσειν to guard ( < ϕυλακ- , ϕύλαξ guard, of unknown origin) + -τήρ , suffix forming agent nouns) + -ιον , suffix forming nouns. In early α. forms apparently influenced by Old French, Middle French filatere, filatiere, philatere, philatiere (French phylactère) reliquary (second half of the 12th cent. in Old French), tefillin (c1200), talisman, amulet (1598, now rare), Middle French philaterie tefillin (1374, with change of suffix). Compare Italian filatterio (beginning of the 14th cent. as †filaterie, plural).In β. forms in early use after post-classical Latin forms; further forms include philaterium (6th cent.), philacteria , feminine (8th cent.); in form phylacterion (compare quot. 1850 at sense 3β. ) ultimately after Hellenistic Greek ϕυλακτήριον . With the forms philactory , philatory , phylatorye compare -ory suffix2, and also Middle French filatoire (c1480, with change of suffix). In sense 4 after French phylactère (1847 in the passage translated in quot. 1855 at sense 4). 1. society > faith > artefacts > portable shrines or relics > portable shrine > [noun] society > faith > artefacts > lay garments > items of attire > [noun] > phylactery the mind > mental capacity > memory > reminder, putting in mind > [noun] > as injunction or warning > object > reminding of religious obligation α. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) Matt. xxiii. 5 Thei don alle her werkis, that thei be seen of men; forsothe thei alargen her filateries, that ben smale scrowis. a1425 J. Wyclif (1871) II. 61 Þes philacteries weren scrowis writun wiþ Goddis heestis and tatchid on þer left arm, to have þes heestis ever more in mynde..In stede of philateris[etc.]. 1526 Matt. xxiii. f. xxxijv They sett abroade there philateris. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus I. Matt. xxiii. 5 They walke vp and doune bearyng about brode Philacteries. 1625 T. Godwin i. x. 51 There were..phylacteries for the head, or frontlets, reaching from one eare to the other, and tied behinde with a thong; and phylacteries for the hand fastened upon the left arme above the elbow on the inside, that it might be neere the heart. 1676 V. Alsop Pref. sig. A8 The Dispute is not now about Decency and Order, about Fringes and Philacteries, about the tything of Mint, Anise, or Cummine. 1710 R. Steele & J. Addison No. 257. ⁋ 4 On the Right Hand of Popery sat Judaism, represented by an old Man embroidered with Phylacteries. 1794 T. Maurice II. 22 The letter conspicuously engraved on the ancient Phylactery, which the Jews, according to the divine command, wore on the head. 1821 W. Scott III. v. 83 A broad girdle, inscribed with characters like the phylacteries of the Hebrews. 1877 J. C. Geikie I. xv. 223 Pharisees, with broad phylacteries. 1892 I. Zangwill I. 3 Their phylacteries and praying shawls. 1952 J. L. Waten 124 As soon as the prayers were over Mr Smutkevitch lovingly bound up his phylacteries and replaced them in their embroidered velvet bag. 1993 D. Marcus (BNC) 101 To the muttered accompaniment of the special blessings, each would kiss his phylacteries, wind one around left arm, palm and second finger, encircle his forehead with the other, and then join in reciting the ritual prayers. the mind > mental capacity > memory > reminder, putting in mind > [noun] > as injunction or warning > object > reminding of religious obligation > ribbon or fringe the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > ornamental textiles > ornamental trimmings > [noun] > bordering or edging > fringe > specific the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > [noun] the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > ornamental textiles > ornamental trimmings > [noun] > bordering or edging > fringe 1576 Matt. xxiii. 5 (note) Phylacteries.—It was a thread, or ribband of blewe silke in the fringe of a corner, the beholding whereof made them to remember the Lawes and ordinances of God: and therefore was it called a phylacterie, as you would say, a keper. 1715 tr. G. Panciroli I. ii. xiv. 97 The Flames had rambled to the Borders and the Phylacteries (as it were) of this Obelisk. 1878 B. Taylor iii. iii. 112 She walks, And droops her loosed phylacteries in the dust. 1906 20 Feb. [He] was desirous of extending his phylacteries on the extreme southwestern part of the country to regulate the morals of the people there. the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > [noun] > religious, ceremonial, etc. 1645 J. Milton To Parl. sig. A3v I send him back again for a phylactery to stitch upon his arrogance. a1682 Sir T. Browne (1716) i. 22 Trust not to thy Remembrance in things which need Phylacteries. a1682 Sir T. Browne (1716) iii. 90 To thoughtful Observators the whole World is a Phylactery, and every thing we see an Item of the Wisdom..of God. Happy are they who..make their Phylacteries speak in their Lives. 1796 H. W. Coulthurst 18 Candor is the grand Phylactery of every perturbed spirit—and oftentimes means nothing more than inchoate Rebellion. 1838 Sept. 559/2 The moment its [sc. the clergy's] members mingle with excited crowds of citizens, making broad their phylacteries with strange and unholy characters graven thereon, they cease to compel or to merit the reverence of reflecting men. 1847 Ld. Cockburn 23 July (1874) II. xiv. 189 Five statutes..,each of which tends in its way to disentangle us of the phylacteries of the feudal system. 1893 3 Mar. 5/5 Mr. Russell..has worn his broadest phylacteries, used his most pharisaical language. 1901 Ld. Rosebery in A. Bullock & M. Shock (1957) v. 208 There are men who sit still with the fly-blown phylacteries of obsolete policies bound round their foreheads, who do not remember that, while they have been mumbling their incantations to themselves, the world has been marching and revolving. 1902 11 Sept. Either the republicans with long robes and broad phylacteries must come to Addicks or [etc.]. 1997 Reverence required at Communion in bit.listserv.catholic (Usenet newsgroup) 2 Oct. I do these things because we are supposed to, not to show off or ‘widen my phylactery’. α. J. Metham (1916) 1423 (MED) Qwan he that serpent sey, Hys phylatery with hys drynk he gan take, Anoyntyd hys harnes with-owte, and gan alle redy make. 1536 Inventory in (1892) 53 14 One phylatorye siluer and gylte..contenyng wtyn a bone of saynt Stephen. 1536 Reg. Riches Cathedral of Sarum in E. Ledwich (1771) 194 One Philatory, long, ornate with silver,..standing on four feet,..and containing a tooth of St. Macarius. ?1595 J. Anderson (1713) 18 Wide coules, side caps, with philactries, With shaving, jowking and juglaries Into the kirk each day. 1869 E. A. Freeman III. App. 686 Harold is shown swearing between two chests or phylacteries. 1890 at Harold Harold, who was of course in the duke's power, swore in these, or like terms, on a phylactery called the ‘bull's-eye’, which contained the relics of saints. the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > enchantment or casting spells > [noun] > occult medicine > amulet against disease or to aid healing α. J. Metham (1916) 172 (MED) The sumpte off goldyn vessellys [in the temple], as chaudrunnys and fylateryis. 1727 R. Blackmore Pref. p. xxxiii Their country [sc. ancient Greece] abounded with Sorcery, and particularly with Charms, Spells, Phylacteries and Amulets against Diseases. 1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage IV. x. vii. 92 Very good books,..a never-failing phylactery against the blue devils [Fr. une ressource assurée contre l'ennui]. 1852 W. F. Hook (1871) 585 Phylactery..properly denotes a preservative, such as pagans carried about to preserve them from evils, diseases, and dangers; for example, stones or pieces of metal engraved under certain aspects of the planets. 1860 W. F. Hook I. v. 223 The bishops..were required..to put down pagan observances, auguries, phylacteries, and incantations. 1883 Aug. 635/2 It is his talisman and phylactery, his fetich, his watchwork, his countersign, his shibboleth. 1931 20 Apr. 4/1 For some of the phylacteries paraded and accepted as health charms in the name of ‘roughage’ the future historian of medicine will have an unpleasant task to perform. 1992 17 Dec. 50/1 Why were herms placed at the entrance to homes? Because they were phylakteries, meant to protect the house. society > communication > record > written record > [noun] > other types of written record society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > [noun] > a painting > accessories of > specific 1855 F. B. Palliser tr. J. Labarte ii. 74 The legends painted upon the phylacteries [Fr. phylactères] in painted glass. 1863 C. C. Clarke xvii. 423 Here is the phylactery of his vices—wily, wary, cold, calculating, indirect, faithless. 1873 T. Hardy xiv. 139 To bear on their faces, as plainly as on a phylactery, the inscription, ‘Do, pray, look at the coronet on my panels.’ 1931 J. Buchan ii. 33 On the wall opposite him hung a tapestry of some saint of the Thebaid, with..an aureoled angel... The sun..made the phylactery which the angel bore glow like a topaz. society > faith > artefacts > vestments > headgear > [noun] > mitre > appendage to 1906 Phylactery, the label or infula of a mitre. Derivatives 1909 J. R. Dummelow 699 b The phylacterial prayers were Said at stated times. 1867 29 Oct. 7/6 Those beneficent Sisters of Mercy,..who would seem to be little lower than the angels, were it not for those white phylacteric bonnets flaps, which they make so broad as to be a serious annoyance to the wounded and dying. 1901 5 Aug. 8/4 A phylacteric jewel of gold set with precious stones. the mind > mental capacity > memory > reminder, putting in mind > [adjective] > relating to phylactery society > faith > artefacts > lay garments > items of attire > [adjective] > phylactery 1698 L. Addison xvi. 128 In their Private or Phylacterical Prayers it [sc. Amen] was omitted. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.c1384 |
