pileusn.

Brit.

/ˈpʌɪlɪəs/, U.S.

/ˈpaɪliəs/

Inflections: Plural pilei.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin pīleus, pilleus.

Etymology: < classical Latin pīleus, variant of pilleus felt cap (also pīleum, pilleum, neuter), of unknown origin. Compare ancient Greek πῖλος felt, felt cap.It is not clear whether the masculine or the neuter represents the original form of the Latin word. Forms with pill- are recorded in inscriptions and early manuscripts. Forms with pīl- may show the influence of ancient Greek πῖλος (which may also have prompted the masculine form in Latin), though both words are of unknown origin and may be loanwords.

1. Classical History. A felt cap without a brim. Also in extended use.Frequently identified with the cap of liberty (see cap n.¹ 4g) given to Roman slaves on emancipation, and hence sometimes adopted as a symbol of liberty.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > cap > types of > made from specific material > felt

pileus1663

calpac1813

1663 E. Waterhouse Fortescutus Illustratus 568 The reason why Homer makes no mention of Pileus, nor any of the antient Statues are seen other then bare headed.

1737 G. England Enq. Morals Ancients 262 A Cap of Liberty on his Head, such as the Slaves who were made free at Rome us'd to wear, call'd Pileus.

1776 J. Adams in J. Adams & A. Adams Familiar Lett. (1876) 210 For the seal, he proposes..on one side..Liberty with her pileus.

1835 Mechanics' Mag. 10 Jan. 256/2 It is wholly at variance with classic authority to place the Pileus or Liberty Cap on the head of the figure representing Liberty.

1889 G. Gissing Nether World I. xii. 252 To-day will the slaves of industrialism don the pileus.

1957 J. Bishop Day Christ Died (1959) 305 He had fashioned it in the shape of a pileus, a Roman hat shaped in oval form, usually made of felt.

1992 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 96 494/2 The medallion is lighted from the front... Vulcan wears a white pileus.

2. Mycology. The cap of a basidiomycete, an expanded structure at the top of the stipe that bears the hymenium (gills, etc.) on its undersurface.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > parts of

pileus1760

hat1775

rind1788

spherule1796

Rhizomorpha1802

stipe1821

peridium1823

umbo1836

ambrosia1840

holdfast1841

rhizomorph1848

peridiole1857

trama1857

pileole1858

pileolus1858

byssus1866

rhabdus1866

conidiophore1874

appressorium1897

1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. ii. xxxi. 151 Agaricus, with the Pileus on a Stipes.

1821 W. J. Hooker Flora Scotica ii. 22 Pileus deep buff, bluntly conical.

1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 249 The naked pilei are originally gymnocarpous.

1911 H. G. Wells Country of Blind xvii. 249 The purple pileus caught his eye... Then he saw that it was the purple top of a fungus.

1997 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 84 981 Two fruiting bodies of Archaeomarasmius were found. One consists of a complete pileus with stipe.

†3. Ornithology. = pileum n. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [noun] > head > part of

pileum1872

frontlet1874

cap1889

pileus1890

1890 Cent. Dict. Pileus, in ornith., same as pileum.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pileus
释义	pileusn. Brit. /ˈpʌɪlɪəs/, U.S. /ˈpaɪliəs/ Inflections: Plural pilei. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin pīleus, pilleus. Etymology: < classical Latin pīleus, variant of pilleus felt cap (also pīleum, pilleum, neuter), of unknown origin. Compare ancient Greek πῖλος felt, felt cap.It is not clear whether the masculine or the neuter represents the original form of the Latin word. Forms with pill- are recorded in inscriptions and early manuscripts. Forms with pīl- may show the influence of ancient Greek πῖλος (which may also have prompted the masculine form in Latin), though both words are of unknown origin and may be loanwords. 1. Classical History. A felt cap without a brim. Also in extended use.Frequently identified with the cap of liberty (see cap n.¹ 4g) given to Roman slaves on emancipation, and hence sometimes adopted as a symbol of liberty. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > cap > types of > made from specific material > felt pileus1663 calpac1813 1663 E. Waterhouse Fortescutus Illustratus 568 The reason why Homer makes no mention of Pileus, nor any of the antient Statues are seen other then bare headed. 1737 G. England Enq. Morals Ancients 262 A Cap of Liberty on his Head, such as the Slaves who were made free at Rome us'd to wear, call'd Pileus. 1776 J. Adams in J. Adams & A. Adams Familiar Lett. (1876) 210 For the seal, he proposes..on one side..Liberty with her pileus. 1835 Mechanics' Mag. 10 Jan. 256/2 It is wholly at variance with classic authority to place the Pileus or Liberty Cap on the head of the figure representing Liberty. 1889 G. Gissing Nether World I. xii. 252 To-day will the slaves of industrialism don the pileus. 1957 J. Bishop Day Christ Died (1959) 305 He had fashioned it in the shape of a pileus, a Roman hat shaped in oval form, usually made of felt. 1992 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 96 494/2 The medallion is lighted from the front... Vulcan wears a white pileus. 2. Mycology. The cap of a basidiomycete, an expanded structure at the top of the stipe that bears the hymenium (gills, etc.) on its undersurface. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > parts of pileus1760 hat1775 rind1788 spherule1796 Rhizomorpha1802 stipe1821 peridium1823 umbo1836 ambrosia1840 holdfast1841 rhizomorph1848 peridiole1857 trama1857 pileole1858 pileolus1858 byssus1866 rhabdus1866 conidiophore1874 appressorium1897 1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. ii. xxxi. 151 Agaricus, with the Pileus on a Stipes. 1821 W. J. Hooker Flora Scotica ii. 22 Pileus deep buff, bluntly conical. 1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 249 The naked pilei are originally gymnocarpous. 1911 H. G. Wells Country of Blind xvii. 249 The purple pileus caught his eye... Then he saw that it was the purple top of a fungus. 1997 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 84 981 Two fruiting bodies of Archaeomarasmius were found. One consists of a complete pileus with stipe. †3. Ornithology. = pileum n. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [noun] > head > part of pileum1872 frontlet1874 cap1889 pileus1890 1890 Cent. Dict. Pileus, in ornith., same as pileum. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1663
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