Pleistoceneadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈplʌɪstəsiːn/, U.S.

/ˈplaɪstəˌsin/

Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek πλεῖστος , -cene comb. form.

Etymology: < ancient Greek πλεῖστος most ( < the same Indo-European base as πιμπλάναι to fill (see full adj., n.², and adv.) + -ιστος , superlative suffix: compare -est suffix), superlative of πολύς much (see poly- comb. form) + -cene comb. form, after Pliocene adj. (see quots. 1839 at sense A. and 1874 at sense A.). Compare French pléistocène (1839: see note).It is difficult to tell whether the word was originally coined as an adjective or noun; compare quot. 1839 at sense A., and also the French translation of Lyell to which this refers: 1839 T. Meulien tr. C. Lyell Eléments de géologie 621 Je me suis proposé..de substituer à la dénomination de Nouveau Pliocène celle plus abrégée de Pléistocène, tirée du grec pleiston plus et kainos récent.

Geology.

A. adj.

Originally: of, relating to, or designating the latter part of the Pliocene epoch (as containing the greatest number of fossil remains of modern species). In later use: of, relating to, or designating the earliest epoch of the Quaternary period, between about 1,640,000 and 10,000 years ago, following the Pliocene and preceding the Holocene.The Pleistocene epoch was marked by great fluctuations in temperature, resulting in glacial and interglacial stages and corresponding falls and rises in sea level (the end of the final glacial stage marking the end of the epoch), and saw the appearance of the earliest forms of Homo sapiens.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > [adjective] > quaternary > Pleistocene

Pleistocene1839

post-Pliocene1841

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [adjective] > quaternary > Pleistocene

Pleistocene1839

1839 C. Lyell in Mag. Nat. Hist. 3 323 In the Appendix to the French translation of my ‘Elements of Geology’, I have proposed, for the sake of brevity, to substitute the term Pleiocene for Older Pleiocene, and Pleistocene for Newer Pleiocene.

1854 D. Brewster More Worlds iii. 46 The superficial deposits, or Pleistocene group, viz. all diluvial and alluvial deposits of gravel and other materials.

1874 C. Lyell Elem. Geol. x. 123 In former editions of this work I divided the Post-tertiary deposits into Recent and Post-pliocene, but this latter term has many inconveniences... I have, therefore, determined for the future to adopt the name of ‘Pleistocene’, proposed by me in 1839 as a synonym for Newer Pliocene, but which, having been used by the late Edward Forbes as the equivalent of Post-pliocene, has now passed into general use with that signification.

1927 Amer. Mercury Jan. 69/1 It has now been discovered by competent investigators that this formation is of a later date, the Pleistocene Epoch, to be specific, which places it in Quaternary time, during the Ice Age.

1978 M. Lambert Fossils 51 During the Pleistocene Ice Age, the ice advanced southwards four times. Between each advance, the ice retreated during a warmer period called an interglacial.

1990 C. Pellant Rocks, Minerals & Fossils 49/2 Amber..can be found on the shores of northern Europe, where it has been weathered from Tertiary and Pleistocene deposits.

B. n.

With the: the Pleistocene epoch (originally, sub-epoch); the series of rocks dating from this time.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > [noun] > quaternary > specific

recent1833

Pleistocene1852

Holocene1914

Gamblian1929

Flandrian1968

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [noun] > quaternary > Pleistocene

Pleistocene1852

Icenian1870

1852 C. Lyell Man. Elem. Geol. (ed. 4) 149 This species..had hitherto been regarded as characteristic of formations older than the Pleistocene.

1861 A. Geikie Mem. E. Forbes ix. 256 He states..that even the pleistocene, which is a subdivision of the pliocene, needs to be partitioned into a newer and older series.

1903 Geogr. Jrnl. 21 289 The principal great systems of rocks in the lake region of Central Africa are..African lake pleistocenes.

1957 V. Nabokov Pnin iv. 93 The Caspian had been strictly an inland affair ever since the Pleistocene.

1993 BBC Wildlife June 37/1 The Asian muskox had become extinct at the end of the Pleistocene—the ice ages—about 10,000 years ago.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pleistocene
释义	Pleistoceneadj.n. Brit. /ˈplʌɪstəsiːn/, U.S. /ˈplaɪstəˌsin/ Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek πλεῖστος , -cene comb. form. Etymology: < ancient Greek πλεῖστος most ( < the same Indo-European base as πιμπλάναι to fill (see full adj., n.², and adv.) + -ιστος , superlative suffix: compare -est suffix), superlative of πολύς much (see poly- comb. form) + -cene comb. form, after Pliocene adj. (see quots. 1839 at sense A. and 1874 at sense A.). Compare French pléistocène (1839: see note).It is difficult to tell whether the word was originally coined as an adjective or noun; compare quot. 1839 at sense A., and also the French translation of Lyell to which this refers: 1839 T. Meulien tr. C. Lyell Eléments de géologie 621 Je me suis proposé..de substituer à la dénomination de Nouveau Pliocène celle plus abrégée de Pléistocène, tirée du grec pleiston plus et kainos récent. Geology. A. adj. Originally: of, relating to, or designating the latter part of the Pliocene epoch (as containing the greatest number of fossil remains of modern species). In later use: of, relating to, or designating the earliest epoch of the Quaternary period, between about 1,640,000 and 10,000 years ago, following the Pliocene and preceding the Holocene.The Pleistocene epoch was marked by great fluctuations in temperature, resulting in glacial and interglacial stages and corresponding falls and rises in sea level (the end of the final glacial stage marking the end of the epoch), and saw the appearance of the earliest forms of Homo sapiens. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > [adjective] > quaternary > Pleistocene Pleistocene1839 post-Pliocene1841 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [adjective] > quaternary > Pleistocene Pleistocene1839 1839 C. Lyell in Mag. Nat. Hist. 3 323 In the Appendix to the French translation of my ‘Elements of Geology’, I have proposed, for the sake of brevity, to substitute the term Pleiocene for Older Pleiocene, and Pleistocene for Newer Pleiocene. 1854 D. Brewster More Worlds iii. 46 The superficial deposits, or Pleistocene group, viz. all diluvial and alluvial deposits of gravel and other materials. 1874 C. Lyell Elem. Geol. x. 123 In former editions of this work I divided the Post-tertiary deposits into Recent and Post-pliocene, but this latter term has many inconveniences... I have, therefore, determined for the future to adopt the name of ‘Pleistocene’, proposed by me in 1839 as a synonym for Newer Pliocene, but which, having been used by the late Edward Forbes as the equivalent of Post-pliocene, has now passed into general use with that signification. 1927 Amer. Mercury Jan. 69/1 It has now been discovered by competent investigators that this formation is of a later date, the Pleistocene Epoch, to be specific, which places it in Quaternary time, during the Ice Age. 1978 M. Lambert Fossils 51 During the Pleistocene Ice Age, the ice advanced southwards four times. Between each advance, the ice retreated during a warmer period called an interglacial. 1990 C. Pellant Rocks, Minerals & Fossils 49/2 Amber..can be found on the shores of northern Europe, where it has been weathered from Tertiary and Pleistocene deposits. B. n. With the: the Pleistocene epoch (originally, sub-epoch); the series of rocks dating from this time. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > [noun] > quaternary > specific recent1833 Pleistocene1852 Holocene1914 Gamblian1929 Flandrian1968 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > stratigraphic units > [noun] > quaternary > Pleistocene Pleistocene1852 Icenian1870 1852 C. Lyell Man. Elem. Geol. (ed. 4) 149 This species..had hitherto been regarded as characteristic of formations older than the Pleistocene. 1861 A. Geikie Mem. E. Forbes ix. 256 He states..that even the pleistocene, which is a subdivision of the pliocene, needs to be partitioned into a newer and older series. 1903 Geogr. Jrnl. 21 289 The principal great systems of rocks in the lake region of Central Africa are..African lake pleistocenes. 1957 V. Nabokov Pnin iv. 93 The Caspian had been strictly an inland affair ever since the Pleistocene. 1993 BBC Wildlife June 37/1 The Asian muskox had become extinct at the end of the Pleistocene—the ice ages—about 10,000 years ago. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1839
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