pinningn.¹

Brit.

/ˈpɪnɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈpɪnɪŋ/

Forms: late Middle English pinyng, late Middle English pyning, late Middle English–1500s pynnyng, late Middle English–1500s pynnynge, 1500s pynning, 1500s pynyng, 1500s– pinning, 1700s pining; Scottish pre-1700 penning, pre-1700 pinien, pre-1700 pining, pre-1700 pyinin, pre-1700 pynnyng, pre-1700 1700s– pinning, 1800s– pinnan, 1800s– pinnin.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pin v.¹, -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < pin v.¹ + -ing suffix¹.

I. The action of fixing or securing with a pin or pins, and related senses.

a. Building. The action of fastening, constructing, or repairing with pins, pegs, or nails; the supporting of a wall or foundation with nails or wedges; the insertion of small stones or mortar into the joints or interstices of masonry. Also with in, up. Cf. underpinning n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > action or fact of supporting > by other specific means

pinning1418

stanchioning1528

beaming1538

pillaring1607

tomming1858

levitation1939

surface mount1954

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > [noun] > building foundations

foundationc1385

pinning1418

underpinning1486

groundselling1579

society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > fastening > [noun] > with pins or pegs > constructing or repairing with

pinning1418

1418–19 in Archæol. Jrnl. (1899) 6 65 Item, solut' Johanni lokere pro altaribus ecclesie pinyng.

1427–8 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 67 (MED) For ij masons ij dayes for pynnynge of þe new pewes & leyeng of þe same tyle takyng a man a day viij d. ob. xxxiiij d.

1533 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/4) To John Bryght for tyllyng and dabyng & outher pynyng xs.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Pynnynge of houses, substructio.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ii. 133 Some Devise used by him about pinning and propping of the Room.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Pinning, in Building, the fastening of Tiles together, with Pins of Heart of Oak; for the Covering of a House, &c.

1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 1016 Pinning Up, in underpinning the driving the wedges under the upper work so as to bring it fully to bear upon the work below.

1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 645/2 Pinning-in, the operation of inserting small splinters of stone in the joints of coarse masonry.

1993 J. H. Maclean & J. S. Scott Penguin Dict. Building (ed. 4) 326/1 Pinning, (1) fixing joinery by nailing with panel pins; (2) securing a woodwork joint by driving in dowels.

b. More generally: the action of fastening or fixing something, esp. clothes, with a pin or pins. Also: the manner in which a thing is pinned. Also with out, up.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > fastening > [noun] > with pins or pegs

keying?1427

pinning?1544

peggage1611

pegging1611

pinnage1611

?1544 J. Heywood Foure PP sig. B.i^v But prycke them [sc. women] and pynne them as nyche, as ye wyll And yet wyll they loke for pynnynge styll.

a1566 T. Hoby Trav. (1902) 23 By the pinninge uppe of the hanging.

1601 A. Dent Plaine Mans Path-way to Heauen 45 They haue spent a good part of the day in..pricking and pinning.

1676 London Gaz. No. 1106/4 Two black pinning-up Petticoats, one being of Sarcenet, the other of Alamode.

1730 W. Burdon Gentleman's Pocket-farrier (1735) 77 He should take Care (in the Pinning) that he leaves not a drop of Blood between the Flesh and the Skin.

c1772 Lady Polwarth in A. Buck Dress in 18th-Cent. Eng. (1979) vi. 169 She only wanted..the art of hairdressing to make a good servant, and now..she must be perfectly skilled in the art of frizing and pining, etc.

1809 W. Dimond Foundling of Forest ii. i. 39 A third..calls the modest blood to my finger's ends, by requesting me ‘to adjust some error in the pinning of her 'kerchief.’

1905 Sci. Amer. 30 Sept. 262/1 The second-sizing and pinning-out is done by hand at so-called batteries.

1987 E. W. Burr Compan. Bird Med. xxiv. 159/2 The advantages of intramedullary pinning include simplicity, economy, accurate alignment of fractures, and ease of implant removal.

2. Chess. The action of trapping an opposing piece so that it cannot be moved without exposing a more valuable piece to capture. Cf. pin v.¹ 7b.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > move > type of move

neck1557

stroke1735

key1845

forced move1847

key-move1847

fianchetto1848

queening1860

pinning1900

mutate1922

valve1930

zwischenzug1941

1900 Westm. Gaz. 26 May 3/3 I have composed for your irresistible museum of chess freaks an example of pinning ad absurdum.

1951 V. Nabokov Speak, Memory xiv. 217 Themes in chess..are such devices as forelaying, withdrawing, pinning, unpinning and so forth.

2000 Boston Globe (Nexis) 21 July (Globe West section) 1 Monthly chess tournaments in which hungry minds engage in castling, pinning, and capturing queens.

3. U.S. colloquial. An informal type of engagement or pledge of affection between two young people, marked by an exchange of fraternity or sorority pins; the exchange of such pins.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > [noun] > exchange of pins to indicate relationship

pinning1942

1942 Chicago Sunday Tribune 13 Sept. (Suppl.) 4/6 Pinning on this campus is not generally considered as binding as an engagement. That pin you give or take announces to the world at large..that you are no longer in circulation.

1961 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. Nov. 85/1 There are boxed proclamations in the newspaper [of Brooklyn College] of watchings, pinnings, ringings, engagements and marriages.

1967 Punch 13 Sept. 378/1 Pinning—a kind of informal engagement to be engaged, signified by the exchange of fraternity and sorority pins.

1990 W. Wasserstein Bachelor Girls 58 Is it too late to return to the old system of fraternity pinning?

4. Physics. The immobilization or trapping of magnetic flux in a particular region of a semiconductor, e.g. at a defect in its crystal structure.

ΚΠ

1962 Physical Rev. Lett. 9 310/1 An arbitrary structure-sensitive parameter of our theory will be the average amount of pinning.

1985 Science 5 July 13 Energy losses can also be lowered by removing sources of domain wall pinning, primarily second-phase particles and regions of elastic or plastic deformation.

2001 Adv. Ceramics Rep. (Nexis) 1 Dec. 3 The vortices did not line up with the defects below 12 K... A different pinning mechanism could be responsible for this effect.

II. Concrete senses.

5. Building.

a. Chiefly Scottish. A small stone used to fill the joints or interstices of masonry. Also (occasionally): a pin, peg, or bolt, used for fastening. Also figurative. Usually in plural.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > small or undressed stones for filling in

pinning1534

rubble1542

rubble work1675

rubble stone1833

hearting1837

spalled rubble1839

hardcore1842

scruff-stone1869

moellon1875

society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > pin or peg

preenOE

prickOE

kevel1251

pina1275

prag1354

key1434

peg1440

tholec1440

thole-pinc1440

lock1514

cotterel1570

pivot1730

pinning1742

steady pin1791

gib1795

needle1811

lockdown1832

cotter1842

peglet1890

pushpin1903

1534 R. Wingfield Let. 1 Nov. in State Papers Henry VIII (P.R.O.: SP 1/86) f. 151 A great noumbre of folks..ovyrthrew a house of myne of whych they had pullyd out the pynnyngs vpon..the syde ij dayes before.

1591 Edinb. Dean of Guild Accts. 440 Small stanes..to be pynnyngis to the maissounis.

a1666 R. Blair Life (1848) (modernized text) ii. 50 As pinnings laid in to be foundations.

1682 A. Peden Serm. (1782) 7 Our Lord's enemies have not broken a pinning off, or dung a pin out of the work of God.

1742 J. Willison Balm of Gilead (1800) xii. 136 Not a stone moved, nor a pinning in it moved.

1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 114 Persons who understand the building of dry stone-walls properly, find a bed for the larger stones, not by means of pinnings..but by resting them firmly upon one another; and afterwards they close up the interstices with pinnings to ornament the wall.

1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Pinning, a small stone for filling up a crevice in a wall.

1964 J. S. Scott Dict. Building 231 Pinnings (Scotland), stones of different colour or texture set in a rubble wall to give a chequered effect.

1990 Daily Tel. 10 Nov. (Weekend) p. iii/3 The inward sloping sides are built of big ‘doubles’ of different shapes and sizes... The gaps between the doubles are filled with small ‘pinnings’.

†b. English regional. = underpinning n. 2a. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > foundation(s)

staddlea900

ground-stathelnessa1300

foundation1398

groundsel1433

ground-pinning1448

underpinning1538

groundworka1557

footing1611

substruction1624

under-filling1624

substructure1726

found1818

pinninga1825

well1832

soling1838

masonite1840

ground-statheling-

a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Pinning, the low masonry which supports a frame of stud-work.

†6. A part fastened with pins; (also) a fastening made with pins. Also with up. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

c1759 Lady Anson Let. in A. Buck Dress in 18th-Cent. Eng. (1979) vi. 160 Direct her..to put a little [lace trimming] on the pinning up of the Gown behind.

1882 R. Mulholland Four Little Mischiefs viii We must stand with our faces to the people always, or they might see the pinning.

Compounds

C1.

† pinning iron n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 265/2 Pinning Iron, to widen the hole in the Slate to put the Pin in.

† pinning-stone n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1708 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 26 37 Part of the Plaister and Pinning Stones of the adjoyning Wall, was also broken off and loosened.

1829 Trans. Geol. Soc. 2nd Ser. 2 133 (table) Provincial Terms..Ground Pinning-Stone.

1838 McIlwham Papers 13 They'll no let ye pick out ae pinnin-stone frae the auld house, till ye hae..furnished them a new ane.

C2.

pinning blanket n. U.S. (now rare) a blanket for wrapping around a baby, held in place by pins.

ΚΠ

1850 T. L. Nichols Introd. to Water-cure 52 The child is born... Its dress seems purposely contrived..to make it uncomfortable; and its feet are rolled close in a pinning blanket.

1906 F. Lynde Quickening 24 So now we see to what high calling Thomas Jefferson's mother purposed devoting him while yet he was a helpless monad in pinning-blankets.

1994 Wisconsin State Jrnl. (Nexis) 3 Oct. 2 b Remember pinning blankets? Every well-dressed baby had a lot of those.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

pinningn.²

Brit.

/ˈpɪnɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈpɪnɪŋ/

Forms: 1500s pynnyng, 1500s pynnynge, 1500s 1800s– pinning, 1600s pining.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pin v.², -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < pin v.² + -ing suffix¹. Compare slightly earlier pinding n. 1b.

†1. The action or an act of shutting up or enclosing something; spec. the impounding of stray animals. Also attributive in pinning-fee. Obsolete (archaic and rare after 16th cent.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclosing or confining > [noun]

closurec1420

pinning1503

closing1580

seclusion1623

penning1626

impoundage1954

1503 in M. Bateson Rec. Borough Leicester (1901) II. 364 For pynnyng of cattall in the Castell.

1521 Petition in Hereford Munic. MSS (transcript) (O.E.D. Archive) I. ii. 5 Ther is grete ennennyte here amongs us Citezens of the said Citie in preferrynge the Bisshoppes officer rather then the thynge that shuld showe to the profit of this Citie in pynnynge of cattell.

1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 353 A Pinning or pounding of cattaile. Vide Pounde.

1892 J. S. Fletcher When Charles I was King (1896) 55 The pinder..made answer..that the horses..should not go thence until the pinning-fee were paid.

2. The condition of becoming stopped or clogged up.

†a. Scottish. A condition of sucking lambs in which the anus is obstructed by an encrustation of excrement on the tail as a result of severe diarrhoea. Cf. pinding n. 2. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1802 C. Findlater Gen. View Agric. County of Peebles 389 Diarrhœa, or Looseness. This disorder is commonly called, by the shepherds, pinning.

1814 Gen. Rep. Agric. State & Polit. Circumstances Scotl. III. 154 This disease, or rather accident, is called pinding or pinning, and may be prevented in a great measure, by docking the lambs early.

b. The clogging of the teeth of a file with fragments of metal. Cf. pin v.² 3.

ΚΠ

1964 S. Crawford Basic Engin. Processes i. 10 Coating the file with chalk will help to minimise pinning when filing ductile metals.

1982 O. Untracht Jewelry Concepts & Technol. iv. 107/1 Clogging (also called pinning), or allowing the file to become filled with..metal chips, greatly reduces file efficiency.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pinning
释义	pinningn.¹ Brit. /ˈpɪnɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpɪnɪŋ/ Forms: late Middle English pinyng, late Middle English pyning, late Middle English–1500s pynnyng, late Middle English–1500s pynnynge, 1500s pynning, 1500s pynyng, 1500s– pinning, 1700s pining; Scottish pre-1700 penning, pre-1700 pinien, pre-1700 pining, pre-1700 pyinin, pre-1700 pynnyng, pre-1700 1700s– pinning, 1800s– pinnan, 1800s– pinnin. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pin v.¹, -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < pin v.¹ + -ing suffix¹. I. The action of fixing or securing with a pin or pins, and related senses. 1. a. Building. The action of fastening, constructing, or repairing with pins, pegs, or nails; the supporting of a wall or foundation with nails or wedges; the insertion of small stones or mortar into the joints or interstices of masonry. Also with in, up. Cf. underpinning n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > action or fact of supporting > by other specific means pinning1418 stanchioning1528 beaming1538 pillaring1607 tomming1858 levitation1939 surface mount1954 society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > [noun] > building foundations foundationc1385 pinning1418 underpinning1486 groundselling1579 society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > fastening > [noun] > with pins or pegs > constructing or repairing with pinning1418 1418–19 in Archæol. Jrnl. (1899) 6 65 Item, solut' Johanni lokere pro altaribus ecclesie pinyng. 1427–8 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 67 (MED) For ij masons ij dayes for pynnynge of þe new pewes & leyeng of þe same tyle takyng a man a day viij d. ob. xxxiiij d. 1533 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/4) To John Bryght for tyllyng and dabyng & outher pynyng xs. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Pynnynge of houses, substructio. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ii. 133 Some Devise used by him about pinning and propping of the Room. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Pinning, in Building, the fastening of Tiles together, with Pins of Heart of Oak; for the Covering of a House, &c. 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 1016 Pinning Up, in underpinning the driving the wedges under the upper work so as to bring it fully to bear upon the work below. 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 645/2 Pinning-in, the operation of inserting small splinters of stone in the joints of coarse masonry. 1993 J. H. Maclean & J. S. Scott Penguin Dict. Building (ed. 4) 326/1 Pinning, (1) fixing joinery by nailing with panel pins; (2) securing a woodwork joint by driving in dowels. b. More generally: the action of fastening or fixing something, esp. clothes, with a pin or pins. Also: the manner in which a thing is pinned. Also with out, up. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > fastening > [noun] > with pins or pegs keying?1427 pinning?1544 peggage1611 pegging1611 pinnage1611 ?1544 J. Heywood Foure PP sig. B.i^v But prycke them [sc. women] and pynne them as nyche, as ye wyll And yet wyll they loke for pynnynge styll. a1566 T. Hoby Trav. (1902) 23 By the pinninge uppe of the hanging. 1601 A. Dent Plaine Mans Path-way to Heauen 45 They haue spent a good part of the day in..pricking and pinning. 1676 London Gaz. No. 1106/4 Two black pinning-up Petticoats, one being of Sarcenet, the other of Alamode. 1730 W. Burdon Gentleman's Pocket-farrier (1735) 77 He should take Care (in the Pinning) that he leaves not a drop of Blood between the Flesh and the Skin. c1772 Lady Polwarth in A. Buck Dress in 18th-Cent. Eng. (1979) vi. 169 She only wanted..the art of hairdressing to make a good servant, and now..she must be perfectly skilled in the art of frizing and pining, etc. 1809 W. Dimond Foundling of Forest ii. i. 39 A third..calls the modest blood to my finger's ends, by requesting me ‘to adjust some error in the pinning of her 'kerchief.’ 1905 Sci. Amer. 30 Sept. 262/1 The second-sizing and pinning-out is done by hand at so-called batteries. 1987 E. W. Burr Compan. Bird Med. xxiv. 159/2 The advantages of intramedullary pinning include simplicity, economy, accurate alignment of fractures, and ease of implant removal. 2. Chess. The action of trapping an opposing piece so that it cannot be moved without exposing a more valuable piece to capture. Cf. pin v.¹ 7b. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > move > type of move neck1557 stroke1735 key1845 forced move1847 key-move1847 fianchetto1848 queening1860 pinning1900 mutate1922 valve1930 zwischenzug1941 1900 Westm. Gaz. 26 May 3/3 I have composed for your irresistible museum of chess freaks an example of pinning ad absurdum. 1951 V. Nabokov Speak, Memory xiv. 217 Themes in chess..are such devices as forelaying, withdrawing, pinning, unpinning and so forth. 2000 Boston Globe (Nexis) 21 July (Globe West section) 1 Monthly chess tournaments in which hungry minds engage in castling, pinning, and capturing queens. 3. U.S. colloquial. An informal type of engagement or pledge of affection between two young people, marked by an exchange of fraternity or sorority pins; the exchange of such pins. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > [noun] > exchange of pins to indicate relationship pinning1942 1942 Chicago Sunday Tribune 13 Sept. (Suppl.) 4/6 Pinning on this campus is not generally considered as binding as an engagement. That pin you give or take announces to the world at large..that you are no longer in circulation. 1961 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. Nov. 85/1 There are boxed proclamations in the newspaper [of Brooklyn College] of watchings, pinnings, ringings, engagements and marriages. 1967 Punch 13 Sept. 378/1 Pinning—a kind of informal engagement to be engaged, signified by the exchange of fraternity and sorority pins. 1990 W. Wasserstein Bachelor Girls 58 Is it too late to return to the old system of fraternity pinning? 4. Physics. The immobilization or trapping of magnetic flux in a particular region of a semiconductor, e.g. at a defect in its crystal structure. ΚΠ 1962 Physical Rev. Lett. 9 310/1 An arbitrary structure-sensitive parameter of our theory will be the average amount of pinning. 1985 Science 5 July 13 Energy losses can also be lowered by removing sources of domain wall pinning, primarily second-phase particles and regions of elastic or plastic deformation. 2001 Adv. Ceramics Rep. (Nexis) 1 Dec. 3 The vortices did not line up with the defects below 12 K... A different pinning mechanism could be responsible for this effect. II. Concrete senses. 5. Building. a. Chiefly Scottish. A small stone used to fill the joints or interstices of masonry. Also (occasionally): a pin, peg, or bolt, used for fastening. Also figurative. Usually in plural. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > small or undressed stones for filling in pinning1534 rubble1542 rubble work1675 rubble stone1833 hearting1837 spalled rubble1839 hardcore1842 scruff-stone1869 moellon1875 society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > pin or peg preenOE prickOE kevel1251 pina1275 prag1354 key1434 peg1440 tholec1440 thole-pinc1440 lock1514 cotterel1570 pivot1730 pinning1742 steady pin1791 gib1795 needle1811 lockdown1832 cotter1842 peglet1890 pushpin1903 1534 R. Wingfield Let. 1 Nov. in State Papers Henry VIII (P.R.O.: SP 1/86) f. 151 A great noumbre of folks..ovyrthrew a house of myne of whych they had pullyd out the pynnyngs vpon..the syde ij dayes before. 1591 Edinb. Dean of Guild Accts. 440 Small stanes..to be pynnyngis to the maissounis. a1666 R. Blair Life (1848) (modernized text) ii. 50 As pinnings laid in to be foundations. 1682 A. Peden Serm. (1782) 7 Our Lord's enemies have not broken a pinning off, or dung a pin out of the work of God. 1742 J. Willison Balm of Gilead (1800) xii. 136 Not a stone moved, nor a pinning in it moved. 1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 114 Persons who understand the building of dry stone-walls properly, find a bed for the larger stones, not by means of pinnings..but by resting them firmly upon one another; and afterwards they close up the interstices with pinnings to ornament the wall. 1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Pinning, a small stone for filling up a crevice in a wall. 1964 J. S. Scott Dict. Building 231 Pinnings (Scotland), stones of different colour or texture set in a rubble wall to give a chequered effect. 1990 Daily Tel. 10 Nov. (Weekend) p. iii/3 The inward sloping sides are built of big ‘doubles’ of different shapes and sizes... The gaps between the doubles are filled with small ‘pinnings’. †b. English regional. = underpinning n. 2a. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > foundation(s) staddlea900 ground-stathelnessa1300 foundation1398 groundsel1433 ground-pinning1448 underpinning1538 groundworka1557 footing1611 substruction1624 under-filling1624 substructure1726 found1818 pinninga1825 well1832 soling1838 masonite1840 ground-statheling- a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Pinning, the low masonry which supports a frame of stud-work. †6. A part fastened with pins; (also) a fastening made with pins. Also with up. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ c1759 Lady Anson Let. in A. Buck Dress in 18th-Cent. Eng. (1979) vi. 160 Direct her..to put a little [lace trimming] on the pinning up of the Gown behind. 1882 R. Mulholland Four Little Mischiefs viii We must stand with our faces to the people always, or they might see the pinning. Compounds C1. † pinning iron n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 265/2 Pinning Iron, to widen the hole in the Slate to put the Pin in. † pinning-stone n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1708 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 26 37 Part of the Plaister and Pinning Stones of the adjoyning Wall, was also broken off and loosened. 1829 Trans. Geol. Soc. 2nd Ser. 2 133 (table) Provincial Terms..Ground Pinning-Stone. 1838 McIlwham Papers 13 They'll no let ye pick out ae pinnin-stone frae the auld house, till ye hae..furnished them a new ane. C2. pinning blanket n. U.S. (now rare) a blanket for wrapping around a baby, held in place by pins. ΚΠ 1850 T. L. Nichols Introd. to Water-cure 52 The child is born... Its dress seems purposely contrived..to make it uncomfortable; and its feet are rolled close in a pinning blanket. 1906 F. Lynde Quickening 24 So now we see to what high calling Thomas Jefferson's mother purposed devoting him while yet he was a helpless monad in pinning-blankets. 1994 Wisconsin State Jrnl. (Nexis) 3 Oct. 2 b Remember pinning blankets? Every well-dressed baby had a lot of those. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pinningn.² Brit. /ˈpɪnɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpɪnɪŋ/ Forms: 1500s pynnyng, 1500s pynnynge, 1500s 1800s– pinning, 1600s pining. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pin v.², -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < pin v.² + -ing suffix¹. Compare slightly earlier pinding n. 1b. †1. The action or an act of shutting up or enclosing something; spec. the impounding of stray animals. Also attributive in pinning-fee. Obsolete (archaic and rare after 16th cent.). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclosing or confining > [noun] closurec1420 pinning1503 closing1580 seclusion1623 penning1626 impoundage1954 1503 in M. Bateson Rec. Borough Leicester (1901) II. 364 For pynnyng of cattall in the Castell. 1521 Petition in Hereford Munic. MSS (transcript) (O.E.D. Archive) I. ii. 5 Ther is grete ennennyte here amongs us Citezens of the said Citie in preferrynge the Bisshoppes officer rather then the thynge that shuld showe to the profit of this Citie in pynnynge of cattell. 1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 353 A Pinning or pounding of cattaile. Vide Pounde. 1892 J. S. Fletcher When Charles I was King (1896) 55 The pinder..made answer..that the horses..should not go thence until the pinning-fee were paid. 2. The condition of becoming stopped or clogged up. †a. Scottish. A condition of sucking lambs in which the anus is obstructed by an encrustation of excrement on the tail as a result of severe diarrhoea. Cf. pinding n. 2. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1802 C. Findlater Gen. View Agric. County of Peebles 389 Diarrhœa, or Looseness. This disorder is commonly called, by the shepherds, pinning. 1814 Gen. Rep. Agric. State & Polit. Circumstances Scotl. III. 154 This disease, or rather accident, is called pinding or pinning, and may be prevented in a great measure, by docking the lambs early. b. The clogging of the teeth of a file with fragments of metal. Cf. pin v.² 3. ΚΠ 1964 S. Crawford Basic Engin. Processes i. 10 Coating the file with chalk will help to minimise pinning when filing ductile metals. 1982 O. Untracht Jewelry Concepts & Technol. iv. 107/1 Clogging (also called pinning), or allowing the file to become filled with..metal chips, greatly reduces file efficiency. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1418n.²1503
随便看	steering compass steering diode steering group steering knuckle steering lever steering line steering linkage steering lock steering pillar steering post steering principle steering rod steering sail steering scull steering sub-committee steering subcommittee steering wheel steering-apparatus steering-bridge steering-chain steering-fan steering-fork steering-gear steering-handle steering-light

pinningn.1

Compounds

pinningn.2

pinningn.¹

pinningn.²