accessoryn.adj.

Brit.

/əkˈsɛs(ə)ri/,

/akˈsɛs(ə)ri/, U.S.

/əkˈsɛs(ə)ri/,

/ækˈsɛs(ə)ri/

Forms:

α. late Middle English–1600s accessorie, 1500s– accessory.

β. late Middle English accessoire; Scottish pre-1700 accessoiris (plural), pre-1700 accessor, pre-1700 accessore, pre-1700 accessour, pre-1700 accessoure.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French accessoire; Latin accessorium, accessorius.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman accessorie, Anglo-Norman and Middle French accessoire (French accessoire ) (as noun) person who is an accessory to an offence (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), supplementary or subsidiary matter, supplementary or subsidiary material (14th cent.), (as adjective) supplementary or subsidiary (13th cent.), and its etymons post-classical Latin accessorium (noun) subordinate matter (from 12th cent. in British sources; from 14th cent. in continental sources), adjunct, appendage (from 13th cent. in British sources), complicity (from 14th cent. in British sources; use as noun of neuter of accessorius ), and post-classical Latin accessorius (adjective) secondary, subordinate (13th cent.) < classical Latin accēss- , past participial stem of accēdere accede v. + -ōrius -ory suffix² (with use as noun compare -ory suffix¹). With use as noun denoting a person compare also post-classical Latin accessor helper, accomplice (13th cent.). Compare accessary n., accessary adj., and Latin forms cited at accessary n. and adj. With use as adjective compare earlier accessorily adv. N.E.D. (1884) also gives the pronunciation (æ·ksėsəri) /ˈæksɪsərɪ/.

A. n.

1. Chiefly Law. A person who incites or assists someone to commit an arrestable offence, or who knowingly aids someone who has committed such an offence (opposed to principal). Also more generally: a person who accedes to an act or undertaking (usually a harmful one); an adherent; an assistant. Frequently with to. Cf. accessary n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker > one who assists

fellowa1382

accessory1414

accessary1451

confederate1495

confederator1536

snapperc1555

complice1581

accomplice?1589

assistor1601

socius criminis1602

fedariea1616

complier1619

particeps criminisa1634

correspondent1639

complicate1662

capper1753

palc1770

partner in crime1831

sidekick1893

side-kicker1894

ram1941

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > subsidiary or contributory help > a subsidiary help > person > in something bad

accessory1414

accessary1451

1414 Petition in Rotuli Parl. (1767–77) IV. 57/2 (MED) I was endited of trespace as an accessorie, and not endited as a principal.

c1523 J. Rastell Expos. Terminorum Legum Anglorum sig. A.4^v Accessory est he that eydyth assystith or comfortith any man that hath done any murdur or felony.

1602 T. Heywood How Man may chuse Good Wife v. iii, in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1874) IX. 93 For justifiers are all accessories, And accessories have deserv'd to die.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 520 Transform'd Alike, to Serpents all as accessories To his bold Riot.

1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 21 A man that gives Aid, Counsel, or Assistance unto any Crime, is..an Accessory thereunto.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. 38 Any assistance whatever given to a felon, to hinder his being apprehended..makes the assistor an accessory.

1841 Trials P. Wallace & M. Wallace 7 Anything to shew that A, the principal, is not guilty, is demonstration to shew that B and C, the accessories, cannot be guilty.

1889 Rep. Court of Appeals Texas 27 741 Evidence held sufficient to support the conviction of an accused charged as an accessory to theft.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 114/1 The law of Scotland makes no distinction between the accessory to any crime and the principal.

1953 H. Cantarella tr. G. Salvemini Prelude to World War II (1954) lix. 510 The second accessory who abetted Mussolini was Laval.

1997 C. Smith Seeds of Evil 151 You could be charged as an accessory to murder.

2. Usually in plural.

a. A subordinate or auxiliary thing; an adjunct; an accompaniment; (now) esp. a minor fitting or attachment.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > [noun] > that which accompanies

purtenancea1382

accessory1429

retinue?a1439

accessaryc1475

companion1533

annexe?1541

hanger-ona1555

supply1567

copemate1581

complement1586

fere1593

adjective1597

annexment1604

annexary1605

attendant1607

adherence1610

adjacent1610

wife1616

fellower1620

coincident1626

attendancy1654

associate1658

appanage1663

conjunct1667

perquisite1667

familiar1668

satellite1702

accompaniment1709

accompanying1761

side dish1775

obbligato1825

shadow1830

rider1859

gadget1917

1429 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1834) III. 331 (MED) Many oþer þinges be dependent as accessoires to þe principal.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 257 Sik accessoiris of expens scathis & jnteress as efferis.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xiii. 88 Ȝour particular veil is bot ane accessor of ȝour comont veil [= common weal] ande the accessor follouis the natur of the prencipal.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 70 All pleasures else, I Accessories call.

1656 Disc. Auxiliary Beauty 86 Though they be not of the immediate substance of religion..yet they are as the fringe & accessories to them.

1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 21 If a Man sells a House, the Glass-Windows thereunto belonging are said to be sold as an Accessory.

1762 Ld. Kames Elements Crit. I. i. ii. 81 If a thing be agreeable in itself, all its accessories appear agreeable.

1859 T. J. Gullick & J. Timbs Painting 129 Accessories are those objects in a picture, auxiliary or accessorial to the general effect, but apart from the principal subject or figure.

1882 Daily Tel. 16 May 2 No mansion in Belgravia is better provided in all the accessories of luxurious ease.

1902 Westm. Gaz. 8 Oct. 8/2 Incubators, chicken-brooding houses, and ‘accessories’ innumerable.

1962 Observer 2 Dec. 31/1 Most important accessories... Heater..screen-washers..fog-lights..loose covers..cigar-lighter.

2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 14 June (Travel section) 4/4 The shop stocks every model of the popular Lomo cameras, as well as accessories and film.

b. Fashion (originally U.S.). A small article or item of clothing carried or worn to complement a garment or outfit, such as a handbag, scarf, jewellery, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > [noun] > things used to beautify

cosmetic1650

equipage1716

monkey-trap1849

accessory1887

beauty product1909

1887 Locomotive Engineers' Monthly Jrnl. Sept. 646/1 Being exact in matching tint of gloves, ribbons and all accessories.

1896 M. Beerbohm Dandies & Dandies in Wks. 4 The many little golden chains..would have seemed vulgar to Mr. Brummell. For is it not to his fine scorn of accessories that we may trace that first aim of dandyism?

1935 Times 20 May 7/4 The grey pin-stripe is particularly good and is proving very successful, as it can be worn with any colour blouse and hat or with white accessories.

1971 Jet 28 Jan. 42/2 The bandolier is the latest fashion accessory to sweep the country.

2000 N.Y. Mag. 4 Dec. 58/3 What she made she rarely saved, splurging on outrageous clothes and accessories.

B. adj.

1. Of a thing: contributing as an adjunct or in a minor way; subsidiary; auxiliary; supplementary. Cf. accessary adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [adjective] > non-essential

accidental1387

casual1398

incident1523

accidentary?1549

accessarya1555

chanceablea1557

accessory1563

circumstant1583

advenient1594

adventive1605

adventitial1607

circumstantial1608

contingent1628

adventious1633

incidental1644

accessional1646

contingential1647

non-essential1647

extra-essential1667

attachable1798

dividuous1816

inessential1832

peripheral1902

1563 G. Hay Confut. Abbote of Crosraguels Masse f. 79^v I wyll not feght with stronger arguments because it is but incident and accessorie to our mater.

1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. ii. ix. 183 The Iles in that sea..accessory members of the Ætolian warre.

1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 21 A Principal obligation extinguishes an Accessory obligation if they do both concur in one and the same Person.

1789 E. Pendleton Let. 11 Mar. in Lett. & Papers (1967) II. 553 The office of a judge of the former court of appeals was, in the mode of election, as established by the act of 1779, accessory and appendant to an office in one of the superior courts.

1858 A. Gray Introd. Struct. & Systematic Bot. iv. 98 Accessory Buds. These are..multiplications of the regular axillary bud.

1872 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (ed. 6) vi. 139 To distinguish the essential food-stuffs or proteids from the accessory food-stuffs or fats and amyloids.

1875 F. A. G. Ouseley Treat. Musical Form v. 38 Accessory passages may be added to either, or both, of the principal themes.

1918 Boston Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 26 Dec. 804/2 In the matter of sociopathy, psychopathy (heredity) is an intrinsic factor and environment an accessory factor.

1968 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 114 677/1 Specific phobias are those fears related to movement and locomotion—agoraphobia and its accessory forms.

2001 G. C. McGavin Essent. Entomol. 245 The male will insert a sticky secretion produced by his accessory glands into the genitalia of the female.

2. Of a person: acceding to or assisting as a subordinate in an act or course of action (usually a harmful one); (Law) that assists or incites someone to commit an arrestable offence. Chiefly with to. Cf. accessary adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [adjective] > auxiliary

accessary1534

accessory1567

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [adjective] > auxiliary or subsidiary > as assistant to a person > in something bad

accessary1534

accessory1567

1567 T. Harding Reioindre to M. Iewels Replie against Masse f. 185 Foxe him selfe to her best estimation telleth of her, that she was a thefe, as being accessorie to the honest woman Vincent Gosser, that stole a siluer gobblet.

1607 G. Wilkins Mis. Enforced Marriage ii, in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1874) IX. 506 Thyself a murderer, thy wife accessory.

1687 R. Boyle Martyrdom Theodora xi. 120 Having been, though undesignedly, so..accessory to the early loss of a life.

1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. li. 246 He..protested that he would not be accessory to the Destruction of so many Innocents, whom he foresaw, would be wrought and starved to Death.

1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle II. l. 98 We shall be accessory to the ruin of this poor enslaved people.

1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. viii. 183 He charged me with being accessory to the felony.

1875 E. Poste tr. Gaius Institutionum Iuris Civilis (ed. 2) iii. Comm. 400 Correality in which one debtor is principal and others are accessory is instanced in Fidejussio.

1911 Pacific Reporter 111 937/2 Although he had not actually received the deposit, he was accessory before the fact to the reception of the deposit.

1962 Middle East Jrnl. 16 217/2 Printing shops..shall not be seized, confiscated, or prevented from operation, even though the underlying charge may be that they are accessory to a criminal act.

1993 B. Kingsolver Pigs in Heaven xiv. 149 When he was fifteen, he was accessory to an armed robbery in Corpus Christi.

Phrases

P1.

accessory before the fact n. Law a person who incites or knowingly assists someone to commit an arrestable offence but is not present when the offence is committed; also figurative.

ΚΠ

1579 Rastell's Expos. Termes Lawes (new ed.) f. 6^v Accessorie beefore the fact, or offence is hee that commaundeth or procureth an other to doe felony and is not there present him selfe when the other doth it.

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. A3^v/2 There cannot be an accessorie before the fact in manslaughter, because man-slaughter is sodaine and not prepensed.

1781 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 506/1 The Answer, if not written by bishop Gibson himself, was not without the knowledge of certain dignified accessories before the fact.

1848 Jurist 4 Nov. 457/1 Accessories before the fact to any felony..may be indicted, tried, convicted, and punished in all respects, as if they were principal felons.

1954 Bull. Atomic Scientists Feb. 35/3 If the awakening was too late to keep these distinguished minds from becoming accessories before the fact, it was also too partial to enable them to bring about a more general social awakening.

2001 S. J. Cannell Tin Collectors (2002) 276 They let him out of that jail-transport vehicle, then took him out and shot him. That makes me an accessory before the fact in a first-degree murder.

P2.

accessory after the fact n. Law a person who knowingly aids someone who has committed an arrestable offence to escape arrest or punishment; also figurative.

ΚΠ

1579 Rastell's Expos. Termes Lawes (new ed.) f. 6^v Accessorie after the offence or fact, is he that receyueth, fauoureth, or aydeth a felon, knowing wel of the deede that hee hath done.

a1662 P. Heylyn Cyprianus Anglicus (1668) ii. 350 There were some miscarriages also, which may be looked on as Accessories after the Fact.

1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. iii. 49 It is clearly held, that one acquitted as principal may be indicted as an accessory after the fact.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 640 In cases of felony, a distinction..is made between the principal and the accessory after the fact.

1971 ‘H. Carmichael’ Most Deadly Hate v. 62 There's no future in being an accessory after the fact in a murder case.

2002 M. Holroyd Wks. on Paper 61 Academics who have been circling round the Mansfield papers in New Zealand are in the uneasy position of being accessories after the fact.

Compounds

C1. Compounds of the noun.

a. General attributive (in sense A. 2), as accessory pack, accessory shop, etc.

ΚΠ

1900 N.Y. Tribune 10 July 6/2 The only way to do it properly is to buy the special tool, called a cotter ejector, at an accessory shop.

1935 N.Y. Times 28 July f9/6 Fall accessory collections are quite complete. Buyers are accepting the new styles.

1944 Los Angeles Times 4 Dec. ii. 2/2 The accessory pack includes cigarettes, smoking and chewing tobacco, safety matches, razors, razor blades, shaving creams, soap, candy and chewing gum.

1982 Guardian 30 June 13/4 Balmain moved with the times, opening boutiques, developing accessory ranges and launching his own range of scents.

1994 Select Homes & Food Sept. 15 (advt.) A free tissue holder and towel ring accessory set.

2003 D. Clark & M. Owings Building Robot Drive Trains x. 311 LEGO also supplies a special accessory pack that contains a collection of many types of wheels.

accessory shoe n. a fitting or socket on a camera that is used for the temporary attachment of a flash, spirit level, etc.; = shoe n. 5s; cf. hot shoe n. (b) at hot adj. and n.¹ Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > camera > parts and accessories of camera > [noun] > sockets for accessories

accessory shoe1949

shoe1953

hot shoe1955

1949 N.Y. Times 21 Aug. x. 10/7 A synchronizer two inches square for cameras with accessory shoes..has been developed.

1993 Camcorder User Mar. 63/2 Another nice plus is the accessory shoe up top. With the money you save on the camcorder, you can invest in a slot-on video light.

2009 J. Meehan Capturing Mood, Ambience & Dramatic Effects 140/1 Using a tripod with a bubble level installed in the camera's accessory shoe is a much more exact and controlled method than the handheld approach.

C2. Compounds of the adjective (in sense B. 1).

accessory cell n. Biology (a) a subsidiary compartment within a larger structure (now rare); (b) any of various types of cell serving a subsidiary or supportive role with regard to another cell; esp. (Botany) a subsidiary cell of a stoma and (Immunology) a cell assisting in the induction of an immune response.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [noun] > cell > types of > guard- or subsidiary cell

accessory cell1831

guard-cell1875

guardian-cell1880

subsidiary cell1884

the world > life > biology > biological processes > immunogenesis > [noun] > immune response > cell involved in

accessory cell1974

1831 London Med. Gaz. 5 Feb. 580/1 The rudiments of the accessory cells of the tympanum are found in the irregularities of the cavity of the tympanum itself.

1881 Amer. Naturalist 15 761 If a vertical section is made through the stoma, the guard-cells as well as the accessory cells are seen to be much shallower than the ordinary epidermal cells.

1912 N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 20 283 Fore wings with 12 veins and two accessory cells.

1974 Jrnl. Immunol. Methods 5 239 Passage of mouse spleen cells through a column of Sephadex G-10 beads results in the selective retention of antibody-forming cells and of accessory cells required for in vitro induction of primary and secondary humoral immune responses.

2004 Y. W. Kunz Developmental Biol. Teleost Fishes xv. 281 The multicellular complex consists of chloride cells and adjacent accessory cells sharing a common apical opening.

accessory chromosome n. Biology a chromosome that differs in form or behaviour from the usual chromosomes of a species; (in early use) esp. a sex chromosome or B chromosome.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > chromosome > types of chromosome

chromoplastid1885

accessory chromosome1899

chromoplast1902

X1902

heterochromosome1904

idiochromosome1905

macrochromosome1905

allosome1906

autosome1906

monosome1906

sex chromosome1906

supernumerary1907

X chromosome1911

Y chromosome1911

univalent1912

euchromosome1914

W1917

monosome1921

tetrasome1921

trisome1921

heterosome1938

isochromosome1939

trisomic1939

metacentric1945

acrocentric1949

polycentric1953

Philadelphia chromosome1961

monocentric1979

1899 C. E. McClung in Zool. Bull. 2 187 For the sake of convenience this structure will be called, provisionally, an accessory chromosome.

1902 C. E. McClung in Biol. Bull. 3 43 (title) The Accessory Chromosome—Sex Determinant?

1958 C. P. Swanson Cytol. & Cytogenetics xiii. 459 Apart from accessory chromosomes, which are generally..smaller than the usual chromosomes, microchromosomes are found throughout the plant and animal kingdom.

2002 A. J. Griffiths et al. Mod. Genetic Anal. (ed. 2) viii. 215 (caption) The starting materials are a circular accessory chromosome (vector) from a bacterium and a linear DNA molecule of interest.

accessory factor n. (more fully accessory food factor) now historical = vitamin n. 1The terms accessory food factor and vitamin were for a time used interchangeably.

ΚΠ

1912 F. G. Hopkins in Jrnl. Physiol. 44 425 (title) Feeding Experiments Illustrating the Importance of Accessory Factors in Normal Dietaries.

1919 Lancet 23 Aug. 338/1 It would be interesting to discover whether they [sc. pickles] fill a gap also by supplying accessory food factors.

1929 Nelson's Encycl. IV. 49A/3 Vitamins..are extremely important accessory food factors.

1993 New Scientist 27 Nov. 39/2 The discovery of the accessory food factor later known as vitamin K.

accessory mineral n. Geology a mineral whose presence in a particular rock is disregarded for the purpose of identifying the rock.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > [noun] > a mineral > disregarded for purposes of identification

accessory mineral1824

1824 H. T. De la Beche tr. A. Brongniart Table Classif. Mixed Rocks in Sel. Geol. Mem. p. xi Mica more or less abundantly disseminated in a phyllade, without any other accessory mineral.

1931 A. Johannsen Descr. Petrogr. I. ii. 28 In some cases the accessory minerals are of unusual interest or they have become so prominent that they are conspicuous.

2002 Jrnl. Petrol. 43 1787/2 Titanite is a common accessory mineral in mafic, pelitic and granitic rocks.

accessory nerve n. [after post-classical Latin nervus accessorius (1681 or earlier)] Anatomy and Zoology the eleventh cranial nerve (also spinal accessory nerve); (also) the part of this nerve derived from cranial (as opposed to spinal) roots, which is closely associated with the vagus nerve.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > specific nerves > [noun] > pairs of cranial nerves > specific cranial nerves

optic sinew?c1425

recurrent nerve1578

optic1615

optic nerve1615

recurrent1615

par vagum1666

fourth nerve1681

accessory nerve1682

chorda tympani1807

abducens1809

hypoglossus1811

pneumogastric1826

pneumogastric nerve1827

hypoglossal nerve1828

facial1834

fifth nerve1836–9

vagus1840

vagal nerve1854

vagus nerve1856

Jacobson's nerve1860

oculomotor1868

trigeminus1875

hypoglossal1876

oculimotor1890

pathetic1890

sixth1899

trigeminal1899

1682 T. Gibson Anat. Humane Bodies 337 This accessory Nerve, and many of the other Fibres remain still distinct, and after they are gone out of the Skull together, are dispensed to several parts.

1684 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Anat. Brain in Pract. Physick (rev. ed.) 60 The accessory Nerve to the wandring pair.

1754 Compl. Syst. Blood-vessels & Nerves 68 in tr. B. S. Albinus Explan. Anat. Fig. Human Skeleton The branchy extremity of the accessory nerves, sent to the thyroid glands, the pharynx, the arytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, and thyrearytenoid muscles.

1858 H. Gray Anat. 496 The Spinal Accessory Nerve consists of two parts.

1955 R. Macintosh & M. Ostlere Local Analgesia Head & Neck iii. 29 The fibres of the vagus which run to the pharyngeal plexus..originally run in the cranial part of the accessory nerve.

2005 A. B. Butler & W. Hodos Compar. Vertebr. Neuroanat. (ed. 2) ix. 170/1 In birds and mammals, the accessory nerve is a composite nerve, with a spinal motor nucleus..and a bulbar portion of the nucleus derived from the vagus.

accessory plume n. Ornithology (now rare) a downy plumule attached to the base of the shaft of a feather; = afterfeather n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > feather > [noun] > other specific types

drivings1682

whisker1752

subaxillary1820

accessory plume1835

flake-feather1837

filoplume1867

penna1871

thread-feather1872

deck-feather1879

streamer1879

racket1887

afterfeather1937

1835 Introd. Study Birds (Religious Tract Soc.) 6 Besides the parts of a feather above described, we must not forget to notice the accessory plume.

1869 Amer. Naturalist 3 178 The latter [sc. the last tertial feather] [is]..very loose in texture..furnished with a very soft accessory plume, three inches long and two wide.

1941 A. R. Winter & E. M. Funk Poultry iii. 54 The accessory plume is a small rudimentary feather or down growing on the under side of the feather at the base of the shaft.

1996 P. Swadling Plumes from Paradise iii. 49 Others have wire-like accessory plumes that extend from the tail, head, back or shoulders.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	accessory
释义	accessoryn.adj. Brit. /əkˈsɛs(ə)ri/, /akˈsɛs(ə)ri/, U.S. /əkˈsɛs(ə)ri/, /ækˈsɛs(ə)ri/ Forms: α. late Middle English–1600s accessorie, 1500s– accessory. β. late Middle English accessoire; Scottish pre-1700 accessoiris (plural), pre-1700 accessor, pre-1700 accessore, pre-1700 accessour, pre-1700 accessoure. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French accessoire; Latin accessorium, accessorius. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman accessorie, Anglo-Norman and Middle French accessoire (French accessoire ) (as noun) person who is an accessory to an offence (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), supplementary or subsidiary matter, supplementary or subsidiary material (14th cent.), (as adjective) supplementary or subsidiary (13th cent.), and its etymons post-classical Latin accessorium (noun) subordinate matter (from 12th cent. in British sources; from 14th cent. in continental sources), adjunct, appendage (from 13th cent. in British sources), complicity (from 14th cent. in British sources; use as noun of neuter of accessorius ), and post-classical Latin accessorius (adjective) secondary, subordinate (13th cent.) < classical Latin accēss- , past participial stem of accēdere accede v. + -ōrius -ory suffix² (with use as noun compare -ory suffix¹). With use as noun denoting a person compare also post-classical Latin accessor helper, accomplice (13th cent.). Compare accessary n., accessary adj., and Latin forms cited at accessary n. and adj. With use as adjective compare earlier accessorily adv. N.E.D. (1884) also gives the pronunciation (æ·ksėsəri) /ˈæksɪsərɪ/. A. n. 1. Chiefly Law. A person who incites or assists someone to commit an arrestable offence, or who knowingly aids someone who has committed such an offence (opposed to principal). Also more generally: a person who accedes to an act or undertaking (usually a harmful one); an adherent; an assistant. Frequently with to. Cf. accessary n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker > one who assists fellowa1382 accessory1414 accessary1451 confederate1495 confederator1536 snapperc1555 complice1581 accomplice?1589 assistor1601 socius criminis1602 fedariea1616 complier1619 particeps criminisa1634 correspondent1639 complicate1662 capper1753 palc1770 partner in crime1831 sidekick1893 side-kicker1894 ram1941 the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > subsidiary or contributory help > a subsidiary help > person > in something bad accessory1414 accessary1451 1414 Petition in Rotuli Parl. (1767–77) IV. 57/2 (MED) I was endited of trespace as an accessorie, and not endited as a principal. c1523 J. Rastell Expos. Terminorum Legum Anglorum sig. A.4^v Accessory est he that eydyth assystith or comfortith any man that hath done any murdur or felony. 1602 T. Heywood How Man may chuse Good Wife v. iii, in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1874) IX. 93 For justifiers are all accessories, And accessories have deserv'd to die. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 520 Transform'd Alike, to Serpents all as accessories To his bold Riot. View more context for this quotation 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 21 A man that gives Aid, Counsel, or Assistance unto any Crime, is..an Accessory thereunto. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. 38 Any assistance whatever given to a felon, to hinder his being apprehended..makes the assistor an accessory. 1841 Trials P. Wallace & M. Wallace 7 Anything to shew that A, the principal, is not guilty, is demonstration to shew that B and C, the accessories, cannot be guilty. 1889 Rep. Court of Appeals Texas 27 741 Evidence held sufficient to support the conviction of an accused charged as an accessory to theft. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 114/1 The law of Scotland makes no distinction between the accessory to any crime and the principal. 1953 H. Cantarella tr. G. Salvemini Prelude to World War II (1954) lix. 510 The second accessory who abetted Mussolini was Laval. 1997 C. Smith Seeds of Evil 151 You could be charged as an accessory to murder. 2. Usually in plural. a. A subordinate or auxiliary thing; an adjunct; an accompaniment; (now) esp. a minor fitting or attachment. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > [noun] > that which accompanies purtenancea1382 accessory1429 retinue?a1439 accessaryc1475 companion1533 annexe?1541 hanger-ona1555 supply1567 copemate1581 complement1586 fere1593 adjective1597 annexment1604 annexary1605 attendant1607 adherence1610 adjacent1610 wife1616 fellower1620 coincident1626 attendancy1654 associate1658 appanage1663 conjunct1667 perquisite1667 familiar1668 satellite1702 accompaniment1709 accompanying1761 side dish1775 obbligato1825 shadow1830 rider1859 gadget1917 1429 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1834) III. 331 (MED) Many oþer þinges be dependent as accessoires to þe principal. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 257 Sik accessoiris of expens scathis & jnteress as efferis. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xiii. 88 Ȝour particular veil is bot ane accessor of ȝour comont veil [= common weal] ande the accessor follouis the natur of the prencipal. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 70 All pleasures else, I Accessories call. 1656 Disc. Auxiliary Beauty 86 Though they be not of the immediate substance of religion..yet they are as the fringe & accessories to them. 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 21 If a Man sells a House, the Glass-Windows thereunto belonging are said to be sold as an Accessory. 1762 Ld. Kames Elements Crit. I. i. ii. 81 If a thing be agreeable in itself, all its accessories appear agreeable. 1859 T. J. Gullick & J. Timbs Painting 129 Accessories are those objects in a picture, auxiliary or accessorial to the general effect, but apart from the principal subject or figure. 1882 Daily Tel. 16 May 2 No mansion in Belgravia is better provided in all the accessories of luxurious ease. 1902 Westm. Gaz. 8 Oct. 8/2 Incubators, chicken-brooding houses, and ‘accessories’ innumerable. 1962 Observer 2 Dec. 31/1 Most important accessories... Heater..screen-washers..fog-lights..loose covers..cigar-lighter. 2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 14 June (Travel section) 4/4 The shop stocks every model of the popular Lomo cameras, as well as accessories and film. b. Fashion (originally U.S.). A small article or item of clothing carried or worn to complement a garment or outfit, such as a handbag, scarf, jewellery, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > [noun] > things used to beautify cosmetic1650 equipage1716 monkey-trap1849 accessory1887 beauty product1909 1887 Locomotive Engineers' Monthly Jrnl. Sept. 646/1 Being exact in matching tint of gloves, ribbons and all accessories. 1896 M. Beerbohm Dandies & Dandies in Wks. 4 The many little golden chains..would have seemed vulgar to Mr. Brummell. For is it not to his fine scorn of accessories that we may trace that first aim of dandyism? 1935 Times 20 May 7/4 The grey pin-stripe is particularly good and is proving very successful, as it can be worn with any colour blouse and hat or with white accessories. 1971 Jet 28 Jan. 42/2 The bandolier is the latest fashion accessory to sweep the country. 2000 N.Y. Mag. 4 Dec. 58/3 What she made she rarely saved, splurging on outrageous clothes and accessories. B. adj. 1. Of a thing: contributing as an adjunct or in a minor way; subsidiary; auxiliary; supplementary. Cf. accessary adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [adjective] > non-essential accidental1387 casual1398 incident1523 accidentary?1549 accessarya1555 chanceablea1557 accessory1563 circumstant1583 advenient1594 adventive1605 adventitial1607 circumstantial1608 contingent1628 adventious1633 incidental1644 accessional1646 contingential1647 non-essential1647 extra-essential1667 attachable1798 dividuous1816 inessential1832 peripheral1902 1563 G. Hay Confut. Abbote of Crosraguels Masse f. 79^v I wyll not feght with stronger arguments because it is but incident and accessorie to our mater. 1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. ii. ix. 183 The Iles in that sea..accessory members of the Ætolian warre. 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 21 A Principal obligation extinguishes an Accessory obligation if they do both concur in one and the same Person. 1789 E. Pendleton Let. 11 Mar. in Lett. & Papers (1967) II. 553 The office of a judge of the former court of appeals was, in the mode of election, as established by the act of 1779, accessory and appendant to an office in one of the superior courts. 1858 A. Gray Introd. Struct. & Systematic Bot. iv. 98 Accessory Buds. These are..multiplications of the regular axillary bud. 1872 T. H. Huxley Lessons Elem. Physiol. (ed. 6) vi. 139 To distinguish the essential food-stuffs or proteids from the accessory food-stuffs or fats and amyloids. 1875 F. A. G. Ouseley Treat. Musical Form v. 38 Accessory passages may be added to either, or both, of the principal themes. 1918 Boston Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 26 Dec. 804/2 In the matter of sociopathy, psychopathy (heredity) is an intrinsic factor and environment an accessory factor. 1968 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 114 677/1 Specific phobias are those fears related to movement and locomotion—agoraphobia and its accessory forms. 2001 G. C. McGavin Essent. Entomol. 245 The male will insert a sticky secretion produced by his accessory glands into the genitalia of the female. 2. Of a person: acceding to or assisting as a subordinate in an act or course of action (usually a harmful one); (Law) that assists or incites someone to commit an arrestable offence. Chiefly with to. Cf. accessary adj. 1. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [adjective] > auxiliary accessary1534 accessory1567 the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [adjective] > auxiliary or subsidiary > as assistant to a person > in something bad accessary1534 accessory1567 1567 T. Harding Reioindre to M. Iewels Replie against Masse f. 185 Foxe him selfe to her best estimation telleth of her, that she was a thefe, as being accessorie to the honest woman Vincent Gosser, that stole a siluer gobblet. 1607 G. Wilkins Mis. Enforced Marriage ii, in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1874) IX. 506 Thyself a murderer, thy wife accessory. 1687 R. Boyle Martyrdom Theodora xi. 120 Having been, though undesignedly, so..accessory to the early loss of a life. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. li. 246 He..protested that he would not be accessory to the Destruction of so many Innocents, whom he foresaw, would be wrought and starved to Death. 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle II. l. 98 We shall be accessory to the ruin of this poor enslaved people. 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. viii. 183 He charged me with being accessory to the felony. 1875 E. Poste tr. Gaius Institutionum Iuris Civilis (ed. 2) iii. Comm. 400 Correality in which one debtor is principal and others are accessory is instanced in Fidejussio. 1911 Pacific Reporter 111 937/2 Although he had not actually received the deposit, he was accessory before the fact to the reception of the deposit. 1962 Middle East Jrnl. 16 217/2 Printing shops..shall not be seized, confiscated, or prevented from operation, even though the underlying charge may be that they are accessory to a criminal act. 1993 B. Kingsolver Pigs in Heaven xiv. 149 When he was fifteen, he was accessory to an armed robbery in Corpus Christi. Phrases P1. accessory before the fact n. Law a person who incites or knowingly assists someone to commit an arrestable offence but is not present when the offence is committed; also figurative. ΚΠ 1579 Rastell's Expos. Termes Lawes (new ed.) f. 6^v Accessorie beefore the fact, or offence is hee that commaundeth or procureth an other to doe felony and is not there present him selfe when the other doth it. 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. A3^v/2 There cannot be an accessorie before the fact in manslaughter, because man-slaughter is sodaine and not prepensed. 1781 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 506/1 The Answer, if not written by bishop Gibson himself, was not without the knowledge of certain dignified accessories before the fact. 1848 Jurist 4 Nov. 457/1 Accessories before the fact to any felony..may be indicted, tried, convicted, and punished in all respects, as if they were principal felons. 1954 Bull. Atomic Scientists Feb. 35/3 If the awakening was too late to keep these distinguished minds from becoming accessories before the fact, it was also too partial to enable them to bring about a more general social awakening. 2001 S. J. Cannell Tin Collectors (2002) 276 They let him out of that jail-transport vehicle, then took him out and shot him. That makes me an accessory before the fact in a first-degree murder. P2. accessory after the fact n. Law a person who knowingly aids someone who has committed an arrestable offence to escape arrest or punishment; also figurative. ΚΠ 1579 Rastell's Expos. Termes Lawes (new ed.) f. 6^v Accessorie after the offence or fact, is he that receyueth, fauoureth, or aydeth a felon, knowing wel of the deede that hee hath done. a1662 P. Heylyn Cyprianus Anglicus (1668) ii. 350 There were some miscarriages also, which may be looked on as Accessories after the Fact. 1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. iii. 49 It is clearly held, that one acquitted as principal may be indicted as an accessory after the fact. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 640 In cases of felony, a distinction..is made between the principal and the accessory after the fact. 1971 ‘H. Carmichael’ Most Deadly Hate v. 62 There's no future in being an accessory after the fact in a murder case. 2002 M. Holroyd Wks. on Paper 61 Academics who have been circling round the Mansfield papers in New Zealand are in the uneasy position of being accessories after the fact. Compounds C1. Compounds of the noun. a. General attributive (in sense A. 2), as accessory pack, accessory shop, etc. ΚΠ 1900 N.Y. Tribune 10 July 6/2 The only way to do it properly is to buy the special tool, called a cotter ejector, at an accessory shop. 1935 N.Y. Times 28 July f9/6 Fall accessory collections are quite complete. Buyers are accepting the new styles. 1944 Los Angeles Times 4 Dec. ii. 2/2 The accessory pack includes cigarettes, smoking and chewing tobacco, safety matches, razors, razor blades, shaving creams, soap, candy and chewing gum. 1982 Guardian 30 June 13/4 Balmain moved with the times, opening boutiques, developing accessory ranges and launching his own range of scents. 1994 Select Homes & Food Sept. 15 (advt.) A free tissue holder and towel ring accessory set. 2003 D. Clark & M. Owings Building Robot Drive Trains x. 311 LEGO also supplies a special accessory pack that contains a collection of many types of wheels. b. accessory shoe n. a fitting or socket on a camera that is used for the temporary attachment of a flash, spirit level, etc.; = shoe n. 5s; cf. hot shoe n. (b) at hot adj. and n.¹ Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > camera > parts and accessories of camera > [noun] > sockets for accessories accessory shoe1949 shoe1953 hot shoe1955 1949 N.Y. Times 21 Aug. x. 10/7 A synchronizer two inches square for cameras with accessory shoes..has been developed. 1993 Camcorder User Mar. 63/2 Another nice plus is the accessory shoe up top. With the money you save on the camcorder, you can invest in a slot-on video light. 2009 J. Meehan Capturing Mood, Ambience & Dramatic Effects 140/1 Using a tripod with a bubble level installed in the camera's accessory shoe is a much more exact and controlled method than the handheld approach. C2. Compounds of the adjective (in sense B. 1). accessory cell n. Biology (a) a subsidiary compartment within a larger structure (now rare); (b) any of various types of cell serving a subsidiary or supportive role with regard to another cell; esp. (Botany) a subsidiary cell of a stoma and (Immunology) a cell assisting in the induction of an immune response. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [noun] > cell > types of > guard- or subsidiary cell accessory cell1831 guard-cell1875 guardian-cell1880 subsidiary cell1884 the world > life > biology > biological processes > immunogenesis > [noun] > immune response > cell involved in accessory cell1974 1831 London Med. Gaz. 5 Feb. 580/1 The rudiments of the accessory cells of the tympanum are found in the irregularities of the cavity of the tympanum itself. 1881 Amer. Naturalist 15 761 If a vertical section is made through the stoma, the guard-cells as well as the accessory cells are seen to be much shallower than the ordinary epidermal cells. 1912 N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 20 283 Fore wings with 12 veins and two accessory cells. 1974 Jrnl. Immunol. Methods 5 239 Passage of mouse spleen cells through a column of Sephadex G-10 beads results in the selective retention of antibody-forming cells and of accessory cells required for in vitro induction of primary and secondary humoral immune responses. 2004 Y. W. Kunz Developmental Biol. Teleost Fishes xv. 281 The multicellular complex consists of chloride cells and adjacent accessory cells sharing a common apical opening. accessory chromosome n. Biology a chromosome that differs in form or behaviour from the usual chromosomes of a species; (in early use) esp. a sex chromosome or B chromosome. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > chromosome > types of chromosome chromoplastid1885 accessory chromosome1899 chromoplast1902 X1902 heterochromosome1904 idiochromosome1905 macrochromosome1905 allosome1906 autosome1906 monosome1906 sex chromosome1906 supernumerary1907 X chromosome1911 Y chromosome1911 univalent1912 euchromosome1914 W1917 monosome1921 tetrasome1921 trisome1921 heterosome1938 isochromosome1939 trisomic1939 metacentric1945 acrocentric1949 polycentric1953 Philadelphia chromosome1961 monocentric1979 1899 C. E. McClung in Zool. Bull. 2 187 For the sake of convenience this structure will be called, provisionally, an accessory chromosome. 1902 C. E. McClung in Biol. Bull. 3 43 (title) The Accessory Chromosome—Sex Determinant? 1958 C. P. Swanson Cytol. & Cytogenetics xiii. 459 Apart from accessory chromosomes, which are generally..smaller than the usual chromosomes, microchromosomes are found throughout the plant and animal kingdom. 2002 A. J. Griffiths et al. Mod. Genetic Anal. (ed. 2) viii. 215 (caption) The starting materials are a circular accessory chromosome (vector) from a bacterium and a linear DNA molecule of interest. accessory factor n. (more fully accessory food factor) now historical = vitamin n. 1The terms accessory food factor and vitamin were for a time used interchangeably. ΚΠ 1912 F. G. Hopkins in Jrnl. Physiol. 44 425 (title) Feeding Experiments Illustrating the Importance of Accessory Factors in Normal Dietaries. 1919 Lancet 23 Aug. 338/1 It would be interesting to discover whether they [sc. pickles] fill a gap also by supplying accessory food factors. 1929 Nelson's Encycl. IV. 49A/3 Vitamins..are extremely important accessory food factors. 1993 New Scientist 27 Nov. 39/2 The discovery of the accessory food factor later known as vitamin K. accessory mineral n. Geology a mineral whose presence in a particular rock is disregarded for the purpose of identifying the rock. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > [noun] > a mineral > disregarded for purposes of identification accessory mineral1824 1824 H. T. De la Beche tr. A. Brongniart Table Classif. Mixed Rocks in Sel. Geol. Mem. p. xi Mica more or less abundantly disseminated in a phyllade, without any other accessory mineral. 1931 A. Johannsen Descr. Petrogr. I. ii. 28 In some cases the accessory minerals are of unusual interest or they have become so prominent that they are conspicuous. 2002 Jrnl. Petrol. 43 1787/2 Titanite is a common accessory mineral in mafic, pelitic and granitic rocks. accessory nerve n. [after post-classical Latin nervus accessorius (1681 or earlier)] Anatomy and Zoology the eleventh cranial nerve (also spinal accessory nerve); (also) the part of this nerve derived from cranial (as opposed to spinal) roots, which is closely associated with the vagus nerve. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > specific nerves > [noun] > pairs of cranial nerves > specific cranial nerves optic sinew?c1425 recurrent nerve1578 optic1615 optic nerve1615 recurrent1615 par vagum1666 fourth nerve1681 accessory nerve1682 chorda tympani1807 abducens1809 hypoglossus1811 pneumogastric1826 pneumogastric nerve1827 hypoglossal nerve1828 facial1834 fifth nerve1836–9 vagus1840 vagal nerve1854 vagus nerve1856 Jacobson's nerve1860 oculomotor1868 trigeminus1875 hypoglossal1876 oculimotor1890 pathetic1890 sixth1899 trigeminal1899 1682 T. Gibson Anat. Humane Bodies 337 This accessory Nerve, and many of the other Fibres remain still distinct, and after they are gone out of the Skull together, are dispensed to several parts. 1684 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Anat. Brain in Pract. Physick (rev. ed.) 60 The accessory Nerve to the wandring pair. 1754 Compl. Syst. Blood-vessels & Nerves 68 in tr. B. S. Albinus Explan. Anat. Fig. Human Skeleton The branchy extremity of the accessory nerves, sent to the thyroid glands, the pharynx, the arytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, and thyrearytenoid muscles. 1858 H. Gray Anat. 496 The Spinal Accessory Nerve consists of two parts. 1955 R. Macintosh & M. Ostlere Local Analgesia Head & Neck iii. 29 The fibres of the vagus which run to the pharyngeal plexus..originally run in the cranial part of the accessory nerve. 2005 A. B. Butler & W. Hodos Compar. Vertebr. Neuroanat. (ed. 2) ix. 170/1 In birds and mammals, the accessory nerve is a composite nerve, with a spinal motor nucleus..and a bulbar portion of the nucleus derived from the vagus. accessory plume n. Ornithology (now rare) a downy plumule attached to the base of the shaft of a feather; = afterfeather n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > feather > [noun] > other specific types drivings1682 whisker1752 subaxillary1820 accessory plume1835 flake-feather1837 filoplume1867 penna1871 thread-feather1872 deck-feather1879 streamer1879 racket1887 afterfeather1937 1835 Introd. Study Birds (Religious Tract Soc.) 6 Besides the parts of a feather above described, we must not forget to notice the accessory plume. 1869 Amer. Naturalist 3 178 The latter [sc. the last tertial feather] [is]..very loose in texture..furnished with a very soft accessory plume, three inches long and two wide. 1941 A. R. Winter & E. M. Funk Poultry iii. 54 The accessory plume is a small rudimentary feather or down growing on the under side of the feather at the base of the shaft. 1996 P. Swadling Plumes from Paradise iii. 49 Others have wire-like accessory plumes that extend from the tail, head, back or shoulders. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.1414
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