pilusn.

Brit.

/ˈpʌɪləs/, U.S.

/ˈpaɪləs/

Inflections: Plural pili.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pilus.

Etymology: < scientific Latin pilus (Linnaeus Philosophia botanica(1751) 45) < classical Latin pilus hair (see pilo- comb. form).

†1. Botany. A hairlike structure (trichome) on a leaf or other plant part. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. iii. v. 190 Pilus, a Hair, is a sort of Bristle, serving as an excretory Duct to the Plants.

1839 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 3) i. ii. 60 Glandular hairs (pili capitati), when they are tipped with a glandular exudation.]

1874 R. Brown Man. Bot. i. iii. 59 Hairs. (Villi, pili.) This name is applied to those appendages of the epidermis which resemble in external appearance, but not in..structure, development, or nature, the hairs of animals.

2. Microbiology. A proteinaceous filamentous structure projecting from the surface of a bacterium or other microorganism; spec. (more fully sex pilus) any of those present singly or in small numbers on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria, which are encoded by conjugative plasmids and play a role in conjugation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > villosity or ciliation > [noun] > pilus

pilus1959

1959 C. C. Brinton in Nature 21 Mar. 782/2 Pili have been called by several different names: ‘fine threads’, ‘bristles’, ‘fimbriæ’, and ‘filaments’. It is felt that the word ‘pilus’ is the most descriptive term, since the pili usually cover most of the bacterial surface and are continually growing out in a manner quite analogous to hair or fur.

1969 A. M. Campbell Episomes iii. 36 Of the various types of pili formed by enteric bacteria, F-pili are distinguishable by the specific adsorption of male-specific bacteriophages to their surfaces.

1972 Jrnl. Bacteriol. 109 1067 Serological analysis is able to distinguish between the sex pili determined by closely related sex factors.

1973 FEBS Lett. 73 29/1 Two groups may be distinguished, one, the sex pili, found in low numbers per cell, associated with conjugating ability and DNA donor function.

1994 Life Extension Update June 1 Scientists have found a protein..that blocks the receptor sites on the pili to keep the bacteria from attaching themselves to the bladder.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pilus
释义	pilusn. Brit. /ˈpʌɪləs/, U.S. /ˈpaɪləs/ Inflections: Plural pili. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pilus. Etymology: < scientific Latin pilus (Linnaeus Philosophia botanica(1751) 45) < classical Latin pilus hair (see pilo- comb. form). †1. Botany. A hairlike structure (trichome) on a leaf or other plant part. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. iii. v. 190 Pilus, a Hair, is a sort of Bristle, serving as an excretory Duct to the Plants. 1839 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 3) i. ii. 60 Glandular hairs (pili capitati), when they are tipped with a glandular exudation.] 1874 R. Brown Man. Bot. i. iii. 59 Hairs. (Villi, pili.) This name is applied to those appendages of the epidermis which resemble in external appearance, but not in..structure, development, or nature, the hairs of animals. 2. Microbiology. A proteinaceous filamentous structure projecting from the surface of a bacterium or other microorganism; spec. (more fully sex pilus) any of those present singly or in small numbers on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria, which are encoded by conjugative plasmids and play a role in conjugation. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > villosity or ciliation > [noun] > pilus pilus1959 1959 C. C. Brinton in Nature 21 Mar. 782/2 Pili have been called by several different names: ‘fine threads’, ‘bristles’, ‘fimbriæ’, and ‘filaments’. It is felt that the word ‘pilus’ is the most descriptive term, since the pili usually cover most of the bacterial surface and are continually growing out in a manner quite analogous to hair or fur. 1969 A. M. Campbell Episomes iii. 36 Of the various types of pili formed by enteric bacteria, F-pili are distinguishable by the specific adsorption of male-specific bacteriophages to their surfaces. 1972 Jrnl. Bacteriol. 109 1067 Serological analysis is able to distinguish between the sex pili determined by closely related sex factors. 1973 FEBS Lett. 73 29/1 Two groups may be distinguished, one, the sex pili, found in low numbers per cell, associated with conjugating ability and DNA donor function. 1994 Life Extension Update June 1 Scientists have found a protein..that blocks the receptor sites on the pili to keep the bacteria from attaching themselves to the bladder. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1760
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