accidencen.¹

Brit.

/ˈaksᵻd(ə)ns/, U.S.

/ˈæksədns/

Forms: Middle English– accidence, 1500s aksidense.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French accidence; Latin accidentia.

Etymology: < French accidence unforeseen eventuality (14th cent.), that which is accidental rather than essential (1486) and its etymon post-classical Latin accidentia unforeseen event, accessory quality (early 3rd cent. in Tertullian) < classical Latin accident- , accidēns , present participle of accidere to fall, happen (see accident n.) + -ia -ia suffix¹: see -ence suffix. Compare accident n., accidental adj., and later accidency n. Compare also accidence n.² and discussion at that entry.Some plural examples in sense 2 could perhaps show transmission errors for the plural of accident n.

Now rare.

1. Chance, unforeseen or unexpected eventuality; (contextually) mishap, fortuitous circumstance. Also: an occurrence of this type. Frequently in prepositional phrases, as by accidence. Cf. accident n. 5a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [noun]

i-wonc1275

casec1300

adventurec1325

hap1340

accidencea1393

casualty1423

chefe1440

fortunityc1470

enchance?a1475

accidentc1485

chance1526

contingencec1530

lottery1570

casuality1574

chanceableness1581

contingency1623

fortuitiona1641

fortuitness1643

accidentalness1648

accidentality1651

fortuitousness1652

causelessnessa1660

temerity1678

fortuitya1747

spontaneity1751

felicity1809

accidentiality1814

the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [noun] > chance or fortuitous circumstance

hazard1340

accidencea1393

a venture's strokec1450

chance1487

contingent1548

circumstance1599

lotterya1616

accidency1645

by-accident1648

frisk1665

accidentala1834

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 763 (MED) For thelementz ben servicable To man, and ofte of Accidence..Thei ben corrupt be sondri weie.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) xxix. 104 The quhilkis [qualiteis] cummys sumquhile for accidence.

1561 J. Hollybush tr. H. Brunschwig Most Excellent Homish Apothecarye f. 21 (note) Of the accidences and diseases of the stomack.

?1572 T. Paynell tr. Treasurie Amadis of Fraunce iv. vi. 94 Madame, for things of small consequence that happen by accidence and chance, men haue some ocasion to shewe passions and anger.

1604 T. Dekker Magnificent Entertainm. sig. F Summon each Sence, To tell the cause of this strange accidence.

1615 in J. R. N. Macphail Highland Papers (1920) III. 255 Ȝour Lo. accepting so weill of my last newis..hes imboldonit mee..to foirsee ȝour Lo. of this lait accidence.

1709 C. Cibber Rival Fools i. i. 10 Tho' your Hic & hæc Turpis, & qui mihi Discipulus Brains, (that never got any thing but by Accidence and Uncertainty) allow'd her Share, must I do it, that bring you grounded Conclusions of Wit?

?1798 D. R. O'Conor Wks. I. 338 Can ev'ry attribute or sense Which dignifies the human mind, Created be by accidence?

1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy I. Introd. p. iv Petralogy..divided into Twelve Domains..six, being distinguished by circumstances or accidences of various kinds.

1886 J. R. Morell tr. J. Tauler Following of Christ i. viii. 6 Hence he cannot have virtue in essence but in accidence.

1910 Times 13 Apr. 14/3 While they did not find that teetotalers were much more free from accidence than other persons, total abstainers recovered more rapidly from the effects of injuries.

1995 C. Wesley DeMarco in M. Sim Crossroads Norm & Nature viii. 159 Our being as a whole brings the necessity of goods beyond the level of moral virtue, since the compound is yoked to matter and externals..with their influx of accidence.

2. Philosophy and Theology. = accident n. 1a. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > attribute > accident

accident1395

accidencea1475

inseparable quality1551

show1560

adjunct1581

a1475 ( S. Scrope tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Bodl. 943) (1999) 146 And he saithe: konnyng is so good that it may not be lost liche as other accidences [a1460 anon. tr. accidentes].

1553 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Eneados x. Prol. sig. h.viii Thy maist supreme indiuisibil substance..Rengand eterne ressauis [nane] accidence [a1522 Cambr. accident].

1579 W. Fulke Refut. Rastels Confut. in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne §xliii. 770 After consecration there remaineth nothing but accidences of breade and wine.

1624 J. Fisher in Bp. F. White Replie Fishers Answere 434 Consecrated Bread is Bread in outward apparance, and the naturall Accidences of Bread truly remaine, as the eye doth witnesse.

1718 M. Malard French & Protestant Compan. ii. ix. 356/1 Tho' it is set forward without Proof, I answer that no accidence can stand without the Substance, viz. whiteness without a White thing.

1869 Jrnl. Speculative Philos. 3 236 Freedom as substratum of the accidence can and cannot be; but if it is, it is unalterably determined through absolute Being as the substance.

1990 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 51 561 Brattle criticized Aristotle only for ‘faulty’ and ‘unprofitable’ categorizing, as in the case of dividing the ens into substance and accidence.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

accidencen.²

Brit.

/ˈaksᵻd(ə)ns/, U.S.

/ˈæksədns/

Forms: late Middle English accidens, late Middle English 1600s–1700s accedence, 1500s accedens, 1500s accydence, 1500s– accidence.

Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: accidence n.¹

Etymology: Apparently a specific use of accidence n.¹, arising either by confusion with the plural of accident n. (see accident n. 3), or by confusion of classical Latin accidentia, the plural of accident- , accidēns (see accident n.) with accidentia accidence n.¹ Compare later post-classical Latin accidentia (feminine singular noun) book of accidence (1519).

1. The branch of grammar which deals with the inflection of words, grammatical morphology; †an inflected form (obsolete); (also) a book or treatise on the fundamentals of grammar (now historical). Cf. accident n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > [noun] > treatise or book on grammar > specific

donet1362

accidencec1434

Graecismc1450

polygrammar1812

c1434 J. Drury Eng. Writings in Speculum (1934) 9 79 (MED) O what is a comparison? A liknes of diuerse thyngis in a certeyn accidens, as: John is wys, Thomas is wysere [etc.].

1495 (de Worde) (title) Accedence.

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) v. ix. 23 Dame Gramer..taught me ryght well Fyrst my Donet and then my accidence.

1591 R. Greene Second Pt. Conny-catching sig. C2^v He began to..rap out goggs Nownes, and his pronouns, while at voluntarye he had sworne through the eight parts of speech in the Accidence.

1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. iv. 40 Let vs begin with the rudiments of the Grammar, I meane the Accedence.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iv. i. 15 I pray you aske him some questions in his Accidence .

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Accidence, Accidentia, a Name used for a little Book, containing the first Elements or Rudiments of the Latin Tongue.

1742 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 158/2 He understands his Accidence as little as his Prosodia.

1840 T. De Quincey Style in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 17/2 With two or three exceptions..we have never seen the writer..who has not sometimes violated the accidence or the syntax of English grammar.

1866 J. R. Lowell in N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 431 If eloquence, if example, if the awful warning of other little boys who neglected their accidence and came to the gallows, if none of these avail, the birch at least is left.

1919 Times 25 Nov. 15/5 He took to discipline like a duck to water, as he absorbed Greek accidence with ease and drew scraggy animals out of his own head.

1952 M. Hadas Hist. Lat. Lit. i. 13 By reason of its verbal economy and the natural assonances of its accidence it tends naturally to fall into memorable sententiae.

1992 J. Nichols Ling. Diversity in Space & Time (1999) 312 Even before the sound correspondences were worked out in detail, relatedness was evident in the identical patterns of grammatical accidence and the amount of obviously related basic vocabulary.

2. In extended use: the fundamentals or first principles of any subject; the structural relationship between these elements; (also) an instance of this. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] > rudiments

elements1382

ABCa1393

ground1528

introduction1532

principles1532

rudiments1534

institution1537

accidence1562

institute1578

alphabet1593

ut, re1598

gamut1600

Christ-cross-row1608

grammates1633

initiament1727

notion1839

propaedeutics1842

rudimentaries1852

1562 G. Legh (title) The accedens of armory.

1645 R. Pricket Newes from King's Bath iv. 43 His Youth could well in warlike Battaile fight, The Accidence of Arms long since he knew.

1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. ii. 83 Their Gospel is an Accidence, By which they construe Conscience.

1780 E. Malone Suppl. Shakespeare's Plays I. 94 An old book called Les Termes de la Ley, (written in Henry the Eighth's time) was in Shakespeare's days, and is now, the accidence of young students in the law.

1842 E. Bulwer-Lytton Zanoni I. iii. iv. 246 After so rapt a study, to be prated to about pyramidal forms, and right arms, and right legs—the accidence of the art—the whole conception to be overlooked, and the criticism to end in approval of the little finger!

1870 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. (1873) 2nd Ser. 162 The poets who were just then learning the accidence of their art.

1892 C. A. Stephens Pluri-cellular Man Introd. p. lx Death keeps humanity down to a bootless learning and re-learning, over and over, of the mere alphabet and accidence of life.

1933 Times 1 June 9/3 Many lovers of music were content to remain in an incurious ignorance of its construction, its accidence, and even the alphabet in which it was written.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	accidence
释义	accidencen.¹ Brit. /ˈaksᵻd(ə)ns/, U.S. /ˈæksədns/ Forms: Middle English– accidence, 1500s aksidense. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French accidence; Latin accidentia. Etymology: < French accidence unforeseen eventuality (14th cent.), that which is accidental rather than essential (1486) and its etymon post-classical Latin accidentia unforeseen event, accessory quality (early 3rd cent. in Tertullian) < classical Latin accident- , accidēns , present participle of accidere to fall, happen (see accident n.) + -ia -ia suffix¹: see -ence suffix. Compare accident n., accidental adj., and later accidency n. Compare also accidence n.² and discussion at that entry.Some plural examples in sense 2 could perhaps show transmission errors for the plural of accident n. Now rare. 1. Chance, unforeseen or unexpected eventuality; (contextually) mishap, fortuitous circumstance. Also: an occurrence of this type. Frequently in prepositional phrases, as by accidence. Cf. accident n. 5a. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [noun] i-wonc1275 casec1300 adventurec1325 hap1340 accidencea1393 casualty1423 chefe1440 fortunityc1470 enchance?a1475 accidentc1485 chance1526 contingencec1530 lottery1570 casuality1574 chanceableness1581 contingency1623 fortuitiona1641 fortuitness1643 accidentalness1648 accidentality1651 fortuitousness1652 causelessnessa1660 temerity1678 fortuitya1747 spontaneity1751 felicity1809 accidentiality1814 the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [noun] > chance or fortuitous circumstance hazard1340 accidencea1393 a venture's strokec1450 chance1487 contingent1548 circumstance1599 lotterya1616 accidency1645 by-accident1648 frisk1665 accidentala1834 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 763 (MED) For thelementz ben servicable To man, and ofte of Accidence..Thei ben corrupt be sondri weie. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) xxix. 104 The quhilkis [qualiteis] cummys sumquhile for accidence. 1561 J. Hollybush tr. H. Brunschwig Most Excellent Homish Apothecarye f. 21 (note) Of the accidences and diseases of the stomack. ?1572 T. Paynell tr. Treasurie Amadis of Fraunce iv. vi. 94 Madame, for things of small consequence that happen by accidence and chance, men haue some ocasion to shewe passions and anger. 1604 T. Dekker Magnificent Entertainm. sig. F Summon each Sence, To tell the cause of this strange accidence. 1615 in J. R. N. Macphail Highland Papers (1920) III. 255 Ȝour Lo. accepting so weill of my last newis..hes imboldonit mee..to foirsee ȝour Lo. of this lait accidence. 1709 C. Cibber Rival Fools i. i. 10 Tho' your Hic & hæc Turpis, & qui mihi Discipulus Brains, (that never got any thing but by Accidence and Uncertainty) allow'd her Share, must I do it, that bring you grounded Conclusions of Wit? ?1798 D. R. O'Conor Wks. I. 338 Can ev'ry attribute or sense Which dignifies the human mind, Created be by accidence? 1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy I. Introd. p. iv Petralogy..divided into Twelve Domains..six, being distinguished by circumstances or accidences of various kinds. 1886 J. R. Morell tr. J. Tauler Following of Christ i. viii. 6 Hence he cannot have virtue in essence but in accidence. 1910 Times 13 Apr. 14/3 While they did not find that teetotalers were much more free from accidence than other persons, total abstainers recovered more rapidly from the effects of injuries. 1995 C. Wesley DeMarco in M. Sim Crossroads Norm & Nature viii. 159 Our being as a whole brings the necessity of goods beyond the level of moral virtue, since the compound is yoked to matter and externals..with their influx of accidence. 2. Philosophy and Theology. = accident n. 1a. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > attribute > accident accident1395 accidencea1475 inseparable quality1551 show1560 adjunct1581 a1475 ( S. Scrope tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Bodl. 943) (1999) 146 And he saithe: konnyng is so good that it may not be lost liche as other accidences [a1460 anon. tr. accidentes]. 1553 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Eneados x. Prol. sig. h.viii Thy maist supreme indiuisibil substance..Rengand eterne ressauis [nane] accidence [a1522 Cambr. accident]. 1579 W. Fulke Refut. Rastels Confut. in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne §xliii. 770 After consecration there remaineth nothing but accidences of breade and wine. 1624 J. Fisher in Bp. F. White Replie Fishers Answere 434 Consecrated Bread is Bread in outward apparance, and the naturall Accidences of Bread truly remaine, as the eye doth witnesse. 1718 M. Malard French & Protestant Compan. ii. ix. 356/1 Tho' it is set forward without Proof, I answer that no accidence can stand without the Substance, viz. whiteness without a White thing. 1869 Jrnl. Speculative Philos. 3 236 Freedom as substratum of the accidence can and cannot be; but if it is, it is unalterably determined through absolute Being as the substance. 1990 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 51 561 Brattle criticized Aristotle only for ‘faulty’ and ‘unprofitable’ categorizing, as in the case of dividing the ens into substance and accidence. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). accidencen.² Brit. /ˈaksᵻd(ə)ns/, U.S. /ˈæksədns/ Forms: late Middle English accidens, late Middle English 1600s–1700s accedence, 1500s accedens, 1500s accydence, 1500s– accidence. Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: accidence n.¹ Etymology: Apparently a specific use of accidence n.¹, arising either by confusion with the plural of accident n. (see accident n. 3), or by confusion of classical Latin accidentia, the plural of accident- , accidēns (see accident n.) with accidentia accidence n.¹ Compare later post-classical Latin accidentia (feminine singular noun) book of accidence (1519). 1. The branch of grammar which deals with the inflection of words, grammatical morphology; †an inflected form (obsolete); (also) a book or treatise on the fundamentals of grammar (now historical). Cf. accident n. 3. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > [noun] > treatise or book on grammar > specific donet1362 accidencec1434 Graecismc1450 polygrammar1812 c1434 J. Drury Eng. Writings in Speculum (1934) 9 79 (MED) O what is a comparison? A liknes of diuerse thyngis in a certeyn accidens, as: John is wys, Thomas is wysere [etc.]. 1495 (de Worde) (title) Accedence. 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) v. ix. 23 Dame Gramer..taught me ryght well Fyrst my Donet and then my accidence. 1591 R. Greene Second Pt. Conny-catching sig. C2^v He began to..rap out goggs Nownes, and his pronouns, while at voluntarye he had sworne through the eight parts of speech in the Accidence. 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. iv. 40 Let vs begin with the rudiments of the Grammar, I meane the Accedence. a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iv. i. 15 I pray you aske him some questions in his Accidence . View more context for this quotation 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Accidence, Accidentia, a Name used for a little Book, containing the first Elements or Rudiments of the Latin Tongue. 1742 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 158/2 He understands his Accidence as little as his Prosodia. 1840 T. De Quincey Style in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 17/2 With two or three exceptions..we have never seen the writer..who has not sometimes violated the accidence or the syntax of English grammar. 1866 J. R. Lowell in N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 431 If eloquence, if example, if the awful warning of other little boys who neglected their accidence and came to the gallows, if none of these avail, the birch at least is left. 1919 Times 25 Nov. 15/5 He took to discipline like a duck to water, as he absorbed Greek accidence with ease and drew scraggy animals out of his own head. 1952 M. Hadas Hist. Lat. Lit. i. 13 By reason of its verbal economy and the natural assonances of its accidence it tends naturally to fall into memorable sententiae. 1992 J. Nichols Ling. Diversity in Space & Time (1999) 312 Even before the sound correspondences were worked out in detail, relatedness was evident in the identical patterns of grammatical accidence and the amount of obviously related basic vocabulary. 2. In extended use: the fundamentals or first principles of any subject; the structural relationship between these elements; (also) an instance of this. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] > rudiments elements1382 ABCa1393 ground1528 introduction1532 principles1532 rudiments1534 institution1537 accidence1562 institute1578 alphabet1593 ut, re1598 gamut1600 Christ-cross-row1608 grammates1633 initiament1727 notion1839 propaedeutics1842 rudimentaries1852 1562 G. Legh (title) The accedens of armory. 1645 R. Pricket Newes from King's Bath iv. 43 His Youth could well in warlike Battaile fight, The Accidence of Arms long since he knew. 1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. ii. 83 Their Gospel is an Accidence, By which they construe Conscience. 1780 E. Malone Suppl. Shakespeare's Plays I. 94 An old book called Les Termes de la Ley, (written in Henry the Eighth's time) was in Shakespeare's days, and is now, the accidence of young students in the law. 1842 E. Bulwer-Lytton Zanoni I. iii. iv. 246 After so rapt a study, to be prated to about pyramidal forms, and right arms, and right legs—the accidence of the art—the whole conception to be overlooked, and the criticism to end in approval of the little finger! 1870 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. (1873) 2nd Ser. 162 The poets who were just then learning the accidence of their art. 1892 C. A. Stephens Pluri-cellular Man Introd. p. lx Death keeps humanity down to a bootless learning and re-learning, over and over, of the mere alphabet and accidence of life. 1933 Times 1 June 9/3 Many lovers of music were content to remain in an incurious ignorance of its construction, its accidence, and even the alphabet in which it was written. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹a1393n.²c1434
随便看	notchhead notchiness notching notchings notchladder notchleaved notchringing notchsensitive notchtailed notchtough notchweed notchwheel notchwing notchwort notchy note note broker note cluster note issue note of addition note of admiration note of advice note of advocation note of exclamation note of hand

accidencen.1

accidencen.2

accidencen.¹

accidencen.²