plaicen.

Brit.

/pleɪs/, U.S.

/pleɪs/

Inflections: Plural unchanged, plaices.

Forms: Middle English plaes, Middle English plaisse, Middle English plays, Middle English playsce, Middle English playsse, Middle English playys, Middle English pleyeis, Middle English pleyse, Middle English 1600s–1700s plais, Middle English–1600s playce, Middle English–1600s playse, Middle English–1700s place, Middle English–1800s plaise, Middle English– plaice, 1500s plaisce, 1500s pleise; also Scottish pre-1700 plase, 1800s– plash (north-eastern).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French playz.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman playz, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French plaïs, plaïz, Old French, plaies, plays, pleiz, Middle French plaiis, plaïse, pleïsse (1170; compare Middle French plye , French plie ) < post-classical Latin platessa (4th cent.), of uncertain origin, perhaps a derivative of *plattus flat, smooth, or its etymon ancient Greek πλατύς broad (see plat adj. and adv.). Compare Spanish platija (1737), Occitan (Béarn) platissa. Compare post-classical Latin placius, plaicius, plais (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources).It is unclear whether the following early examples are to be interpreted as showing the Anglo-Norman or the Middle English word:1265 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 51 Plais, Soles et Morucæ.1267 in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1939) 54 211 In ii summis plays.1280 in F. B. Bickley Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) I. 90 Debent..dari..de quolibet batello portante plais, octo plais. Attested earlier as a surname: Beatr. Playce, Thom. Playce (both 1297).

a. A European flatfish of shallow seas, Pleuronectes platessa (family Pleuronectidae), which is brown with orange spots and a white underside, and is an important food fish. Also: any of various other flatfishes; esp. (a) U.S. the summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, of the North-west Atlantic; (b) New Zealand the sand flounder, Rhombosolea plebeia, of New Zealand waters; (c) (more fully American plaice) the long rough dab, Hippoglossoides platessoides, of the North Atlantic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Pleuronectidae > genus Pleuronectes > pleuronectes platessa (plaice)

schullea1300

buttc1300

plaicec1300

plaice-fluke1596

suanta1609

sea sparrow1672

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 896 He bar up wel a carte lode..of playces brode.

1366 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 45 In plais et sperlinges emptis, 6 s. 3 ½ d.

?c1425 Recipe in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Arun. 334) (1790) 437 (MED) Gele of Flesshe. Take vell or pyggus or capons or hennus..and if hit be on fyssh day, make hit on the same manere of playsse or of codlynge.

1469 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 102 (MED) A playys, iij d., saltefyhs and saltesamon, vij d.

a1500 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 81 (MED) Tho pyke and tho perche, tho symen and tho roche, Tho pleyse and tho macrell, yit were there moo.

1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Vne Plie, a fishe called a Place.

1617 Janna Ling. 100 Aswell soles as plaises are inclosed in the net.

1660 J. Childrey Britannia Baconica 18 Soale and Playce..follow the tide into the fresh rivers.

1701 C. Wooley Two Years Jrnl. N.-Y. 40 Their Rivers are plentifully furnish'd with..Place, Pearch, Trouts [etc.].

1763 R. Brookes New Syst. Nat. Hist. III. v. 49 The Plaice is on the upper part of a dirty olive-colour, or brown, and speckled with round red spots.

1803 W. Bingley Animal Biogr. III. 131 Those fish that are usually denominated Flat-fish, as the Plaise, Flounder, Sole, &c.

1841 T. R. Jones Gen. Outl. Animal Kingdom xxvii. §539. 502 Few imagine that, in applying the terms back and belly to the upper and under surfaces of a Plaice or a Turbot, they are adopting a phraseology quite inadmissible in an anatomical point of view.

1890 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) The smooth plaice, or smooth-backed flounder, is Pleuronectes glaber.

1901 Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 1900 33 559 The flounder, or patiki, wrongly named ‘plaice’.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xvii. 436 The larvae of flat-fishes of the plaice and sole type are at first bilaterally symmetrical, with an eye on each side of the head and an unflattened body.

1959 A. C. Hardy Open Sea I. i. 6 These..form the food of the fish such as cod, haddock, and plaice which roam the sea-floor in search of them.

1995 Times 29 Mar. 8/2 They claim to have retrieved 25 tonnes of American plaice, a banned catch.

b. A plaice or its flesh used as food.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > plaice, flounder, or sole

sole1347

floundera1450

plaicec1450

tongue-fish1655

tonguea1825

lemon dab1835

lemon sole1890

c1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 103 Plaise boiled.

a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 173 Playce with wyne; & pike withe his reffett.

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 153 (MED) He ordeined a lawe that no man shulde at his borde Ete the blake syde of the playse [v.r. plaes].

1630 J. Taylor Wks. 120 Is Shooters-hill turn'd to an Oyster pie, Or may a May-pole be a butterd Plaice?

1663 T. Jordan New Droll l. 499 As by chance he stir'd his face, Full in the mouth a butter'd Playce did hit him.

1723 J. Nott Cook's & Confectioner's Dict. sig. O4 (heading) To make a Flounder, or Plaice Pye.

1799 P. Hoare Sighs ii. ii. 23 Oh! then I must provide a dish of Plaice.

1881 R. H. Barham Ingoldsby Lyrics 21 Unless I've my turbot quite warm, Better dine on a horrible plaice!

1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xciv. 494 The landlady called it French cooking, by which she meant that the poor quality of the materials was disguised by ill-made sauces: plaice masqueraded as sole and New Zealand mutton as lamb.

1992 Matrix Summer 31/2 He was eating not haddock, but plaice and chips.

2. British regional. A parasitic trematode worm (liver fluke) affecting sheep. More fully plaice-worm. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Platyhelminthes > [noun] > class Trematodes > member of

fluke1668

plaicea1722

gourd-worm1756

weevil1789

trematode1859

bloodworm1872

a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husb. (1757) II. 337 These cored sheep have the fluck, or plaice-worm in their livers.

1732 W. Ellis Pract. Farmer 113 A Rotten Sheep, he says, he has several times seen die with Plaises in their Liver and Head.

1794 Rep. Agric. Surv., Cambr. 111 In the first stage of this disease [sc. the blood-rot] the liver has not been infected with the snails, or plaice.

1896 Daily News 26 May 6/4 Flukes or plaice, as they are indifferently called, from the resemblance they bear, are found in the biliary ducts, caused by the sheep being placed on wet fresh-water submerged meadows.

Compounds

C1.

plaice-fry n.

ΘΚΠ

plaice-fry1905

1905 Westm. Gaz. 17 Aug. 10/2 At the Marine Hatchery, Aberdeen..The number of plaice-fry that hatched out..was approximately 34,780,000, or 88 per cent.

C2.

plaice-fluke n. British regional rare (perhaps) = sense 1.

ΘΚΠ

schullea1300

buttc1300

plaicec1300

plaice-fluke1596

suanta1609

sea sparrow1672

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 41 Turbat, ffluik, and plase fluik.

1845 Stat. Acc. 2 XIII. 12-13 Plaice . . . here called plash fleuk.

1974 P. Wright Lang. Brit. Industry ii. 23 Mostly flat-fish like dabs and plaice-flukes.

† plaice-mouth n. Obsolete an expression of the lips reminiscent of the mouth of a plaice; esp. a wry or pursed mouth.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > mouth > [noun] > types of

tutel?c1225

oven mouthc1425

plaice-moutha1569

pouch-mouth?1570

flop-mouth1604

flap-mouth1631

out-mouth1668

flounder-mouth1672

sparrow-mouth1673

splay-mouth1693

smoke-holea1704

screw mouth1707

spout mouth1736

beak-mouth1921

satchel-mouth1933

motormouth1976

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > mouth > [adjective] > types of

round-mouthed?1473

shevel?1507

tut-mouthed?a1513

wry-mouthed1552

pouch-mouth1565

plaice-moutha1569

out-lipped1570

pouch-mouthed?a1592

flap-mouthed1594

wide-mouthed1594

plaice-mouthed1595

big-mouthed1602

sparrow-mouthed1611

stretch-moutheda1616

splay-mouthed1647

wry-mouth1652

whale-mouthed1656

out-mouthed1698

spout-mouthed?1711

mickle-mouthed1720

sheveling-gabbit1725

mickle-mouth1863

tenible1871

primped1935

a1569 E. Bonner Let. in J. Foxe Acts & Monuments (1570) II. 1241/1 The Byshop..cast down his head, makyng a playce mouth with his lippe, and afterwardes liftyng vp his eyes and handes.

1602 T. Dekker Satiro-mastix sig. L2^v Baite one at that stake my place-mouth yelpers, and one at that stake Gurnets-head.

1616 B. Jonson Epicœne iii. iv, in Wks. I. 558 Did you thinke you had married..some innocent.., that would stand with her hands thus, and a playse mouth, and looke vpon you.

plaice-mouthed adj. rare and archaic having a mouth resembling that of a plaice.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > mouth > [adjective] > types of

round-mouthed?1473

shevel?1507

tut-mouthed?a1513

wry-mouthed1552

pouch-mouth1565

plaice-moutha1569

out-lipped1570

pouch-mouthed?a1592

flap-mouthed1594

wide-mouthed1594

plaice-mouthed1595

big-mouthed1602

sparrow-mouthed1611

stretch-moutheda1616

splay-mouthed1647

wry-mouth1652

whale-mouthed1656

out-mouthed1698

spout-mouthed?1711

mickle-mouthed1720

sheveling-gabbit1725

mickle-mouth1863

tenible1871

primped1935

1595 T. Lodge Fig for Momus Sat. i His plaise-mouth'd wife.

1990 B. Shaw Orbitsville Departure 227 Nicklin noticed, with a return of his uneasiness, that the smile seemed to be off centre. An obscure heavy-dictionary term flickered in his mind—plaice-mouthed—together with a horror vision of Montane's facial tissues having turned into an inelastic dough, allowing his mouth to be permanently dragged out of place when he wiped it.

plaice-worm n. see sense 2.

Derivatives

ˈplaice-like adj. resembling or characteristic of a plaice.

ΚΠ

1900 J. Hutchinson in Arch. Surg. 11 No. 41. 94 Her hands and feet were of a deep dusky-red colour with large plaice-like spots of lighter tint.

1974 Times 27 Apr. 11/6 A large platter of fresh fish, from which we chose two plaice-like creatures.

2001 Coventry Evening Tel. (Nexis) 7 Apr. 20 Baked whole pomfret from Kerala, a meaty plaice-like fish with a central bone.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	plaice
释义	plaicen. Brit. /pleɪs/, U.S. /pleɪs/ Inflections: Plural unchanged, plaices. Forms: Middle English plaes, Middle English plaisse, Middle English plays, Middle English playsce, Middle English playsse, Middle English playys, Middle English pleyeis, Middle English pleyse, Middle English 1600s–1700s plais, Middle English–1600s playce, Middle English–1600s playse, Middle English–1700s place, Middle English–1800s plaise, Middle English– plaice, 1500s plaisce, 1500s pleise; also Scottish pre-1700 plase, 1800s– plash (north-eastern). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French playz. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman playz, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French plaïs, plaïz, Old French, plaies, plays, pleiz, Middle French plaiis, plaïse, pleïsse (1170; compare Middle French plye , French plie ) < post-classical Latin platessa (4th cent.), of uncertain origin, perhaps a derivative of plattus flat, smooth, or its etymon ancient Greek πλατύς* broad (see plat adj. and adv.). Compare Spanish platija (1737), Occitan (Béarn) platissa. Compare post-classical Latin placius, plaicius, plais (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources).It is unclear whether the following early examples are to be interpreted as showing the Anglo-Norman or the Middle English word:1265 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 51 Plais, Soles et Morucæ.1267 in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1939) 54 211 In ii summis plays.1280 in F. B. Bickley Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) I. 90 Debent..dari..de quolibet batello portante plais, octo plais. Attested earlier as a surname: Beatr. Playce, Thom. Playce (both 1297). 1. a. A European flatfish of shallow seas, Pleuronectes platessa (family Pleuronectidae), which is brown with orange spots and a white underside, and is an important food fish. Also: any of various other flatfishes; esp. (a) U.S. the summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, of the North-west Atlantic; (b) New Zealand the sand flounder, Rhombosolea plebeia, of New Zealand waters; (c) (more fully American plaice) the long rough dab, Hippoglossoides platessoides, of the North Atlantic. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Pleuronectidae > genus Pleuronectes > pleuronectes platessa (plaice) schullea1300 buttc1300 plaicec1300 plaice-fluke1596 suanta1609 sea sparrow1672 c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 896 He bar up wel a carte lode..of playces brode. 1366 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 45 In plais et sperlinges emptis, 6 s. 3 ½ d. ?c1425 Recipe in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Arun. 334) (1790) 437 (MED) Gele of Flesshe. Take vell or pyggus or capons or hennus..and if hit be on fyssh day, make hit on the same manere of playsse or of codlynge. 1469 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 102 (MED) A playys, iij d., saltefyhs and saltesamon, vij d. a1500 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 81 (MED) Tho pyke and tho perche, tho symen and tho roche, Tho pleyse and tho macrell, yit were there moo. 1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Vne Plie, a fishe called a Place. 1617 Janna Ling. 100 Aswell soles as plaises are inclosed in the net. 1660 J. Childrey Britannia Baconica 18 Soale and Playce..follow the tide into the fresh rivers. 1701 C. Wooley Two Years Jrnl. N.-Y. 40 Their Rivers are plentifully furnish'd with..Place, Pearch, Trouts [etc.]. 1763 R. Brookes New Syst. Nat. Hist. III. v. 49 The Plaice is on the upper part of a dirty olive-colour, or brown, and speckled with round red spots. 1803 W. Bingley Animal Biogr. III. 131 Those fish that are usually denominated Flat-fish, as the Plaise, Flounder, Sole, &c. 1841 T. R. Jones Gen. Outl. Animal Kingdom xxvii. §539. 502 Few imagine that, in applying the terms back and belly to the upper and under surfaces of a Plaice or a Turbot, they are adopting a phraseology quite inadmissible in an anatomical point of view. 1890 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) The smooth plaice, or smooth-backed flounder, is Pleuronectes glaber. 1901 Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 1900 33 559 The flounder, or patiki, wrongly named ‘plaice’. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xvii. 436 The larvae of flat-fishes of the plaice and sole type are at first bilaterally symmetrical, with an eye on each side of the head and an unflattened body. 1959 A. C. Hardy Open Sea I. i. 6 These..form the food of the fish such as cod, haddock, and plaice which roam the sea-floor in search of them. 1995 Times 29 Mar. 8/2 They claim to have retrieved 25 tonnes of American plaice, a banned catch. b. A plaice or its flesh used as food. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > plaice, flounder, or sole sole1347 floundera1450 plaicec1450 tongue-fish1655 tonguea1825 lemon dab1835 lemon sole1890 c1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 103 Plaise boiled. a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 173 Playce with wyne; & pike withe his reffett. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 153 (MED) He ordeined a lawe that no man shulde at his borde Ete the blake syde of the playse [v.r. plaes]. 1630 J. Taylor Wks. 120 Is Shooters-hill turn'd to an Oyster pie, Or may a May-pole be a butterd Plaice? 1663 T. Jordan New Droll l. 499 As by chance he stir'd his face, Full in the mouth a butter'd Playce did hit him. 1723 J. Nott Cook's & Confectioner's Dict. sig. O4 (heading) To make a Flounder, or Plaice Pye. 1799 P. Hoare Sighs ii. ii. 23 Oh! then I must provide a dish of Plaice. 1881 R. H. Barham Ingoldsby Lyrics 21 Unless I've my turbot quite warm, Better dine on a horrible plaice! 1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xciv. 494 The landlady called it French cooking, by which she meant that the poor quality of the materials was disguised by ill-made sauces: plaice masqueraded as sole and New Zealand mutton as lamb. 1992 Matrix Summer 31/2 He was eating not haddock, but plaice and chips. 2. British regional. A parasitic trematode worm (liver fluke) affecting sheep. More fully plaice-worm. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Platyhelminthes > [noun] > class Trematodes > member of fluke1668 plaicea1722 gourd-worm1756 weevil1789 trematode1859 bloodworm1872 a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husb. (1757) II. 337 These cored sheep have the fluck, or plaice-worm in their livers. 1732 W. Ellis Pract. Farmer 113 A Rotten Sheep, he says, he has several times seen die with Plaises in their Liver and Head. 1794 Rep. Agric. Surv., Cambr. 111 In the first stage of this disease [sc. the blood-rot] the liver has not been infected with the snails, or plaice. 1896 Daily News 26 May 6/4 Flukes or plaice, as they are indifferently called, from the resemblance they bear, are found in the biliary ducts, caused by the sheep being placed on wet fresh-water submerged meadows. Compounds C1. plaice-fry n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Pleuronectidae > genus Pleuronectes > pleuronectes platessa (plaice) > young of plaice-fry1905 1905 Westm. Gaz. 17 Aug. 10/2 At the Marine Hatchery, Aberdeen..The number of plaice-fry that hatched out..was approximately 34,780,000, or 88 per cent. C2. plaice-fluke n. British regional rare (perhaps) = sense 1. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Pleuronectidae > genus Pleuronectes > pleuronectes platessa (plaice) schullea1300 buttc1300 plaicec1300 plaice-fluke1596 suanta1609 sea sparrow1672 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 41 Turbat, ffluik, and plase fluik. 1845 Stat. Acc. 2 XIII. 12-13 Plaice . . . here called plash fleuk. 1974 P. Wright Lang. Brit. Industry ii. 23 Mostly flat-fish like dabs and plaice-flukes. † plaice-mouth n. Obsolete an expression of the lips reminiscent of the mouth of a plaice; esp. a wry or pursed mouth. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > mouth > [noun] > types of tutel?c1225 oven mouthc1425 plaice-moutha1569 pouch-mouth?1570 flop-mouth1604 flap-mouth1631 out-mouth1668 flounder-mouth1672 sparrow-mouth1673 splay-mouth1693 smoke-holea1704 screw mouth1707 spout mouth1736 beak-mouth1921 satchel-mouth1933 motormouth1976 the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > mouth > [adjective] > types of round-mouthed?1473 shevel?1507 tut-mouthed?a1513 wry-mouthed1552 pouch-mouth1565 plaice-moutha1569 out-lipped1570 pouch-mouthed?a1592 flap-mouthed1594 wide-mouthed1594 plaice-mouthed1595 big-mouthed1602 sparrow-mouthed1611 stretch-moutheda1616 splay-mouthed1647 wry-mouth1652 whale-mouthed1656 out-mouthed1698 spout-mouthed?1711 mickle-mouthed1720 sheveling-gabbit1725 mickle-mouth1863 tenible1871 primped1935 a1569 E. Bonner Let. in J. Foxe Acts & Monuments (1570) II. 1241/1 The Byshop..cast down his head, makyng a playce mouth with his lippe, and afterwardes liftyng vp his eyes and handes. 1602 T. Dekker Satiro-mastix sig. L2^v Baite one at that stake my place-mouth yelpers, and one at that stake Gurnets-head. 1616 B. Jonson Epicœne iii. iv, in Wks. I. 558 Did you thinke you had married..some innocent.., that would stand with her hands thus, and a playse mouth, and looke vpon you. View more context for this quotation plaice-mouthed adj. rare and archaic having a mouth resembling that of a plaice. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > mouth > [adjective] > types of round-mouthed?1473 shevel?1507 tut-mouthed?a1513 wry-mouthed1552 pouch-mouth1565 plaice-moutha1569 out-lipped1570 pouch-mouthed?a1592 flap-mouthed1594 wide-mouthed1594 plaice-mouthed1595 big-mouthed1602 sparrow-mouthed1611 stretch-moutheda1616 splay-mouthed1647 wry-mouth1652 whale-mouthed1656 out-mouthed1698 spout-mouthed?1711 mickle-mouthed1720 sheveling-gabbit1725 mickle-mouth1863 tenible1871 primped1935 1595 T. Lodge Fig for Momus Sat. i His plaise-mouth'd wife. 1990 B. Shaw Orbitsville Departure 227 Nicklin noticed, with a return of his uneasiness, that the smile seemed to be off centre. An obscure heavy-dictionary term flickered in his mind—plaice-mouthed—together with a horror vision of Montane's facial tissues having turned into an inelastic dough, allowing his mouth to be permanently dragged out of place when he wiped it. plaice-worm n. see sense 2. Derivatives ˈplaice-like adj. resembling or characteristic of a plaice. ΚΠ 1900 J. Hutchinson in Arch. Surg. 11 No. 41. 94 Her hands and feet were of a deep dusky-red colour with large plaice-like spots of lighter tint. 1974 Times 27 Apr. 11/6 A large platter of fresh fish, from which we chose two plaice-like creatures. 2001 Coventry Evening Tel. (Nexis) 7 Apr. 20 Baked whole pomfret from Kerala, a meaty plaice-like fish with a central bone. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1300
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