pleonasmn.

Brit.

/ˈpliːənaz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈpliəˌnæz(ə)m/

Forms: 1600s pleonasme, 1600s– pleonasm, 1700s pleonism (irregular), 1800s pléonasm.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pleonasmus.

Etymology: < pleonasmus n. or its etymon post-classical Latin pleonasmus. Compare French pléonasme (1610 in sense 1a; earlier in Middle French as pleonasmos (16th cent.), pleonasme (1571 in uncertain sense, probably sense 1b)), and also (all earliest in sense 1a) Catalan pleonasme (14th cent.), Spanish pleonasmo (1492 or earlier), Portuguese pleonasmo (1540), Italian pleonasmo (1620–39; earlier as pleonasmos (1585)).

a. Grammar and Rhetoric. The use of more words in a sentence or clause than are necessary to express the meaning; redundancy of expression either as a fault of style, or as a rhetorical figure used for emphasis or clarity. Also: an instance of this; a superfluously worded expression or phrase.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [noun] > pleonasm

long language1521

pleonasmus1533

macrologya1538

perissology1583

pleonasm1610

1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God i. ix. 16 Some thinke the preposition ὲπί to bee heere a Pleonasme [L. redundare]..and that σκοπος and ἐπίσκοπος is all one.

1628 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 3) Democritus to Rdr. 13 I require a fauourable censure of all faults omitted, harsh compositions, pleonasmes of words, Tautologicall repetitions,..&c.

1681 R. Wittie Οὐρανοσκοπια 28 I take it to be a Pleonasm, a Figure frequently used in Scripture.

1741 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses II. 556 The genius of the Hebrew tongue, which so much delights in pleonasms.

1793 A. Adam Rudim. Lat. & Eng. Gram. (ed. 4) 236 Pleonism is when a word more is added than is absolutely necessary to express the sense; as, Vides oculis, I see with my eyes.

a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Weeping-tears, a very odd pleonasm, but in very common use for excessive sorrow.

1860 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem (1861) III. cxiv. 45 What the energetic pleonasm of our ancestors denominated ‘a false lie’.

1892 Jrnl. Amer. Folk-lore 5 70 ‘A custom of the old ancients’ (not meant for a pleonasm, but to signify very ancient people).

1920 T. S. Eliot Sacred Wood 115 ‘Indirect crook'd’ is forceful in Shakespeare; a mere pleonasm in Massinger.

1959 M. Schlauch Eng. Lang. in Mod. Times iv. 121 These deviations from strictly completed structure..are obviously very different from the rambling repetitions, the loose pleonasms and unfinished statements of third-level speech as exemplified in Juliet's nurse.

2004 Times Union (Albany, N.Y.) (Nexis) 30 May g2 Nowadays pleonasm is more often thought of as a mistake than as an intentional rhetorical device.

†b. The addition of an extra or superfluous letter or syllable to a word; a word extended in this way. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written character > [noun] > addition of superfluous letter or syllable to word

pleonasm1671

1671 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Pleonasm,..in Grammer it is the adding of a letter or Syllable either to the beginning of a word and is then called Prosthesis, or to the middle, and is then called Epenthesis, or to the end and is then called Paragoge.

1815 J. G. Spurzheim Physiognom. Syst. 10 I know that covetiveness is a pléonasm, but this fault is observed in many other words. Covet itself indicates propensity or wishing for; and I have added iveness solely for the sake of uniformity.

2. gen. Superfluity, redundancy, or excess; something superfluous or redundant. Cf. pleonastic adj. 2.In later use rare except in explicitly figurative uses of sense 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [noun] > excess, redundancy, or superfluity

un-i-fohOE

surfeita1393

superfluitya1398

over-micklea1400

overmucha1400

nimiety1542

superfluous1552

redundance1572

overflowing1574

overflush1581

overflow1589

overmeasure1591

redundancy1601

a too-much1604

pleonasm1616

overfloat1619

overmuchnessa1637

supernumerariness1652

plusa1721

supervacaneousness1730

supersaturate1860

too-muchness1875

1616 T. Coryate Traveller for Eng. Wits 22 If any thing be wanting in geometricall dimension of ground, it is with a great pleonasme supplied by the fertility of his soyle.

1648 Foure Ages Eng. 25 Their bodies do, like Sodomes Apples, stand, And they but Pleonasmes of our Land.

1673 Indulgence not to be Refused 3 It is but a pleonasme or overflow of that great kindness.

1736 J. Gill Fulness of Mediator 27 The grace of our Lord has been abundant, superabundant;..there has been a pleonasm, a redundancy of it in the case of a single believer.

1855 F. P. Cobbe Ess. Intuitive Morals I. 19 This great school of souls would be a superfluity, a pleonasm in creation.

a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) I. xix. 369 This hypothesis is not only a psychological solecism,—it is, likewise, a psychological pleonasm; it is at once illegitimate and superfluous.

†3. Pathology. A growth or formation exhibiting excessive size or number of parts. Cf. neoplasm n. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > [noun] > gigantism or pleonasm

pleonasm1858

gigantism1885

1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 977/1 Pleonasmus, term for a faulty formation, with a stronger growth, or an over-number or over-quantity of parts: a pleonasm.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pleonasm
释义	pleonasmn. Brit. /ˈpliːənaz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈpliəˌnæz(ə)m/ Forms: 1600s pleonasme, 1600s– pleonasm, 1700s pleonism (irregular), 1800s pléonasm. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pleonasmus. Etymology: < pleonasmus n. or its etymon post-classical Latin pleonasmus. Compare French pléonasme (1610 in sense 1a; earlier in Middle French as pleonasmos (16th cent.), pleonasme (1571 in uncertain sense, probably sense 1b)), and also (all earliest in sense 1a) Catalan pleonasme (14th cent.), Spanish pleonasmo (1492 or earlier), Portuguese pleonasmo (1540), Italian pleonasmo (1620–39; earlier as pleonasmos (1585)). 1. a. Grammar and Rhetoric. The use of more words in a sentence or clause than are necessary to express the meaning; redundancy of expression either as a fault of style, or as a rhetorical figure used for emphasis or clarity. Also: an instance of this; a superfluously worded expression or phrase. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [noun] > pleonasm long language1521 pleonasmus1533 macrologya1538 perissology1583 pleonasm1610 1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God i. ix. 16 Some thinke the preposition ὲπί to bee heere a Pleonasme [L. redundare]..and that σκοπος and ἐπίσκοπος is all one. 1628 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 3) Democritus to Rdr. 13 I require a fauourable censure of all faults omitted, harsh compositions, pleonasmes of words, Tautologicall repetitions,..&c. 1681 R. Wittie Οὐρανοσκοπια 28 I take it to be a Pleonasm, a Figure frequently used in Scripture. 1741 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses II. 556 The genius of the Hebrew tongue, which so much delights in pleonasms. 1793 A. Adam Rudim. Lat. & Eng. Gram. (ed. 4) 236 Pleonism is when a word more is added than is absolutely necessary to express the sense; as, Vides oculis, I see with my eyes. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Weeping-tears, a very odd pleonasm, but in very common use for excessive sorrow. 1860 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem (1861) III. cxiv. 45 What the energetic pleonasm of our ancestors denominated ‘a false lie’. 1892 Jrnl. Amer. Folk-lore 5 70 ‘A custom of the old ancients’ (not meant for a pleonasm, but to signify very ancient people). 1920 T. S. Eliot Sacred Wood 115 ‘Indirect crook'd’ is forceful in Shakespeare; a mere pleonasm in Massinger. 1959 M. Schlauch Eng. Lang. in Mod. Times iv. 121 These deviations from strictly completed structure..are obviously very different from the rambling repetitions, the loose pleonasms and unfinished statements of third-level speech as exemplified in Juliet's nurse. 2004 Times Union (Albany, N.Y.) (Nexis) 30 May g2 Nowadays pleonasm is more often thought of as a mistake than as an intentional rhetorical device. †b. The addition of an extra or superfluous letter or syllable to a word; a word extended in this way. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > [noun] > addition of superfluous letter or syllable to word pleonasm1671 1671 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Pleonasm,..in Grammer it is the adding of a letter or Syllable either to the beginning of a word and is then called Prosthesis, or to the middle, and is then called Epenthesis, or to the end and is then called Paragoge. 1815 J. G. Spurzheim Physiognom. Syst. 10 I know that covetiveness is a pléonasm, but this fault is observed in many other words. Covet itself indicates propensity or wishing for; and I have added iveness solely for the sake of uniformity. 2. gen. Superfluity, redundancy, or excess; something superfluous or redundant. Cf. pleonastic adj. 2.In later use rare except in explicitly figurative uses of sense 1. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > [noun] > excess, redundancy, or superfluity un-i-fohOE surfeita1393 superfluitya1398 over-micklea1400 overmucha1400 nimiety1542 superfluous1552 redundance1572 overflowing1574 overflush1581 overflow1589 overmeasure1591 redundancy1601 a too-much1604 pleonasm1616 overfloat1619 overmuchnessa1637 supernumerariness1652 plusa1721 supervacaneousness1730 supersaturate1860 too-muchness1875 1616 T. Coryate Traveller for Eng. Wits 22 If any thing be wanting in geometricall dimension of ground, it is with a great pleonasme supplied by the fertility of his soyle. 1648 Foure Ages Eng. 25 Their bodies do, like Sodomes Apples, stand, And they but Pleonasmes of our Land. 1673 Indulgence not to be Refused 3 It is but a pleonasme or overflow of that great kindness. 1736 J. Gill Fulness of Mediator 27 The grace of our Lord has been abundant, superabundant;..there has been a pleonasm, a redundancy of it in the case of a single believer. 1855 F. P. Cobbe Ess. Intuitive Morals I. 19 This great school of souls would be a superfluity, a pleonasm in creation. a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) I. xix. 369 This hypothesis is not only a psychological solecism,—it is, likewise, a psychological pleonasm; it is at once illegitimate and superfluous. †3. Pathology. A growth or formation exhibiting excessive size or number of parts. Cf. neoplasm n. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > [noun] > gigantism or pleonasm pleonasm1858 gigantism1885 1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 977/1 Pleonasmus, term for a faulty formation, with a stronger growth, or an over-number or over-quantity of parts: a pleonasm. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1610
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