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单词 plainly
释义

plainlyadv.1

Brit. /ˈpleɪnli/, U.S. /ˈpleɪnli/
Forms: see plain adj.2 and -ly suffix2.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: plain adj.2, -ly suffix2.
Etymology: < plain adj.2 + -ly suffix2.
1. Without doubt; evidently, manifestly, unmistakably. Frequently as a sentence adverb.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > [adverb]
couthlyc900
sutelichec900
openlyOE
witterlyc1175
kithlya1300
witnessfullyc1374
evidentlya1382
plainlya1382
graithc1394
eberlya1400
express14..
manifest1431
patently1441
manifestlyc1475
evident?1520
grossly1526
apparently1533
clear1550
apparent1565
clearly1569
notoriously1589
plain1590
perspicuously1592
perspectively1598
transparently1617
liquidlya1631
visibly1631
obviously1638
fairly1655
perspiculously1661
remarkably1666
squarely1860
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Jer. x. 19 Pleynly [L. plane] þis myn infirmyte is, & I shal bern it.
c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 44 (MED) Þe schar is pleynli þat heery place þat bigoiþ al aboute þe ȝerdis rote as wel abouen as on ech side.
1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons Ded. 9 b That they haue plainlie kept and conuerted..a great part thereof to their owne vses.
1679 J. Evelyn Sylva (ed. 3) xxii. 109 These [buried] Trees..were found plainly to have been cut off by the kerf.
1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. iii. 64 Such a Kingdom..would plainly be superior to all others.
a1832 J. Bentham Fragm. on Govt. Pref. to ed. 2, in Wks. (1843) I. 252/2 Of Dunning's opinion I recollect not any particulars: it was but too plainly of the same cast.
1863 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea I. xix. 376 Plainly it would fare ill with any man upon whom the public anger might light.
1882 T. Hardy Two on Tower I. xiv. 245 He had a bunch of oak-apples in hand, plainly the object of his climb.
1926 J. Buchan Dancing Floor ix. 168 There it lay in the moonlight,..a place plainly hallowed and set apart.
1983 K. M. MacMorran & K. J. T. Elphinstone Handbk. for Churchwardens & Parochial Church Councillors ii. 29 The Measure plainly contemplates that communications should normally pass through a chain of organisations.
2. Without ornament or embellishment, simply; without luxury or excess, modestly, frugally.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > simplicity > [adverb]
plainlyc1385
simplyc1430
severely1656
simple1844
modestly1889
understatedly1972
the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > moderation in sensuous gratification > [adverb] > simple life
simplya1325
plainlyc1385
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > plainness > [adverb]
aefauldlyOE
plainlyc1385
simply?c1400
nakedlya1535
simple1550
inornatelya1568
spruce?1605
dryly1635
chastely1815
unadornedly1820
inelaborately1846
in words of one syllable1922
c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 1209 This was the forward, pleynly for tendite, Bitwixen Theseus and hym Arcite.
?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iv. pr. ii. 214 I..seie simply and pleynly [L. pure atque simpliciter] that thei ne ben nat, ne han no beynge.
c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 445 (MED) A ffroward knave pleynly to descryve, And a sloggard schortly [v.r. plainly] to declare.
1550 R. Sherry Treat. Schemes & Tropes sig. Fiii Fyrst it is taken playnly for the time present, past, or to come.
1562 J. Mountgomery in Archaeologia (1883) 47 216 Which..I haue rudely written and plainely penned.
1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 102 They couet to liue simply and plainly.
1740 T. Lewin Last Will in Lewin Lett. (1909) I. ii. 367 I desire to be buried plainly and without Funeral pomp in the Family Vault at Bexley.
1826 J. Clare Let. 15 July (1985) 382 I shall thank you for a copy for the Marquis..& I should like it very plainly bound with very little gilt on it.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. vii. 114 The hair to be arranged closely, modestly, plainly.
1886 R. L. Stevenson Strange Case Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde ii. 22 He was small and very plainly dressed, and the look of him, even at that distance, went somehow strongly against the watcher's inclination.
1902 J. Buchan Watcher by Threshold v. 289 I suppose he lives very plainly.
1915 W. Cather Song of Lark i. xvi. 114 She wore a tan bombazine dress, made very plainly.
1986 Gourmet June 22/2 The squid..taste tender and rich and have a good deal more zip than the plainly done, though expensive, branzino.
3. Without concealment; openly; publicly. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > openness or unconcealedness > [adverb]
barelyc950
beforeOE
openlyOE
nakedly?c1225
in a person's bearda1250
opelyc1275
apertly1297
commonlya1325
opena1325
overtlyc1325
pertlya1375
plainc1380
in (also on) opena1382
in apertc1384
plainlyc1390
in open (also general) audiencea1393
aperta1400
in commonaltya1400
outa1400
without laina1400
in commonc1400
publishlyc1400
pertc1410
in publicc1429
on higha1450
in pert1453
to a person's facea1470
into heightc1480
forthward?1504
but hidel?1507
publicly1534
uncolouredly1561
roundly1563
famously1570
vulgarly1602
above board1603
round1604
displayedly1611
on (also upon) the square?1611
undisguisedly1611
broadly1624
discoveredly1659
unveiledly1661
under a person's nose1670
manifestly1711
before faces1762
publically1797
overboard1834
unashamedly1905
upfront1972
c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 623 Vnnethes may a man pleynly ben accorded with hym that hath hym openly reuyled.
a1425 (?a1350) Seven Sages (Galba) (1907) 3623 (MED) Þe knight gan playnly with hir pas Vntil sho in hir chamber was.
c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) 206 With lefys þer priuates can thei hyd, And playnly durst thei hyd, And playnly durst thei not apeyre.
c1475 Gregory's Chron. in J. Gairdner Hist. Coll. Citizen London (1876) 96 (MED) On the nexte day was the Parlement playnely be-gunne.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) ix. 512 Quhen thai herd of the cummyng Of schir Eduard, that so planly Our-raid the land.
1565 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 380 Diverse..personis hes nocht abstenit planelie to pas and repas.
1594 King James VI in Tytler Hist. IV. 216 Plainliest kything himself where greatest confluence of people was.
a1605 R. Bannatyne Jrnl. Trans. Scotl. (1806) 128 The strongest throatcutteris of the Hamiltones going planelie vpon Edinburgh calsay.
4. Without duplicity or reserve; candidly, frankly; openly, honestly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > unaffectedness or naturalness > [adverb] > straightforwardly or frankly
openlya1200
simplyc1325
plainlyc1390
frankly?1553
open-heartedly1611
heart-to-heart1654
unreservedly1708
straightforwardly1839
single-heartedly1857
straight1961
c1390 G. Chaucer Melibeus 2119 Pleynly at o word, Thy..rymyng is nat worth a tord.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) 2878 What she is he loueth so, To thee pleynly he shal vndo Withoute drede of ony shame.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 384 She seyde playnly..that he sholde never be hole.
c1480 (a1400) St. Theodora 775 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 121 Þe monk..com to þe abbot..& talde Ilke worde playnly.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. lvi He would after an humble fassion plainly reprehende the king.
1560 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique (new ed.) Prol. sig. Av The Iudges..tolde me plainlie, that I was in farther perille, then whereof I was aware.
a1605 R. Bannatyne Jrnl. Trans. Scotl. (1806) 345 The mair planelie and neirlie they deale the better end will follow.
1646 J. Whitaker Danger of Greatnesse 22 The fewnesse of those that have..courage to deal plainly.
1710 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 14 Nov. (1965) I. 64 I have tryd to write plainly. I know not what one can say more upon Paper.
a1832 J. Bentham Fragm. on Govt. Pref. to ed. 2, in Wks. (1843) I. 252/1 ‘I will deal plainly with you,’ said he: ‘I told you I should put your book into the hands of Lord Camden and Mr. Dunning. I have done so.’
1862 A. Trollope Orley Farm II. xvi. 125 Mr. Aram, could he have been induced to speak out his mind plainly, would have expressed, probably, a different opinion.
1892 Dict. National Biogr. at Lindsay, Sir David The confession of his own immorality in early life, and regret for its consequences, may have been a rhetorical artifice to enable him to deal more plainly with the king.
1950 Times 4 Sept. 2/2 Mr. Churchill..accuses the Labour Party..of having caused disunity in the nation. It is necessary to speak plainly on this, for nothing could be less in accordance with the facts.
1993 T. Parker May Lord in His Mercy be Kind to Belfast (1994) vi. 79 In a kind of way I feel I owe it to her to keep myself calm, try and speak plainly and truthfully about what happened to her.
5. With clarity of understanding or perception; distinctly.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > clearness, lucidity > [adverb]
sutelichec900
openlyOE
redelya1250
redlyc1275
in (also on) opena1382
distinctly1382
plainlya1393
lightsomely?1510
markly1533
natively1542
pervially?1611
dilucidly1638
unmistakably1665
realizingly1786
unambiguously1790
starkly1928
accessibly2003
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 744 (MED) Wherof that I the difference..Schal do the pleinly forto wite.
a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) ii. 272 Thei kan nought pleynly [v.r. pleynlisch] understonde.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 1306 (MED) He þe effect ful pleynly vndirstode.
c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 42 As thow shalt see pleynliche whan thow hast rad Genesis.
a1500 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Adv.) in W. B. D. D. Turnbull Visions of Tundale (1843) 115 (MED) Thynketh pleynly and taketh gude hed That all schall passe..When ye lest wene.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. ccxxxiv He was sodenly murdered with a gonne, whiche of the neighbors was playnly hard.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. iv. 141 Plainlie conceiue I loue you. View more context for this quotation
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. xii. 58 That you may the plainlier vnderstand it.
1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub ix. 174 Then I laid open his Brain, his Heart, and his Spleen; But, I plainly perceived at every Operation, that the farther we proceeded, we found the Defects encrease upon us in Number and Bulk.
1818 M. W. Shelley Frankenstein I. v. 126 I saw plainly that he was surprised.
1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) ix. 88 Jingle's voice could be plainly heard, even above the din of the wheels.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. i. 5 The evidences of pressure could be plainly traced.
1926 J. Galsworthy Silver Spoon i. iv. 28 The patter of the Dandie's feet on the parquet could be plainly heard.
1992 G. M. Fraser Quartered Safe out Here p. xv Why should I remember just as plainly that a cigarette smoked during an ambush on the Sittang was a brand called Panama.
6. So as to be clearly perceived or understood; in a clear or distinct manner, obviously, explicitly.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > [adverb] > clearly
i-redlyOE
plainlya1398
cleara1400
clearly1413
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > clearness, lucidity > [adverb] > of speech
plaina1387
plainlya1398
simply?c1400
treatlyc1435
treatably1527
familiarly1534
loud and clear1871
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 195 Grauele..hath vertue to kele and to smyte Inwarde..as constantyn seith pleyneliche.
c1450 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Prol. 64 Hire [sc. daisy's] chere is pleynly sprad in the brightnesse Of the sonne.
1460 in J. T. Gilbert Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 306 (MED) In the sayd chartre more playnly hit ys expressed.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) John xvi. f. cxlvv Loo nowe speakest thou playnly, and thou vsest no proverbe.
?1532 T. Elyot tr. Plutarch Educ. Children (new ed.) ix. sig. Diiij But what may I say, to tell it more playnlyer?
1620 tr. G. Boccaccio Decameron I. ii. i. f. 30 My Lord, they al lie in their throats, as I will plainly proue before you.
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. ix. 63 So that the Wisdom and Goodness of the Maker, plainly appears in all the Parts of this stupendious Fabrick, and all the several degrees and ranks of Creatures in it.
1692 E. Walker tr. Epictetus Enchiridion xi Too plainly is your selfish Folly shewn.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. vii. xiii. 109 The interior Membranes were so divellicated, that the Os or Bone very plainly appeared through the Aperture of the Vulnus or Wound. View more context for this quotation
1797–1803 J. Foster Jrnl. in Life & Corr. J. Foster (1846) I. 230 A child..who cannot yet articulate plainly.
1867 W. G. T. Shedd Homiletics iii. 58 He should constantly strive to exhibit his thoughts plainly.
1896 J. Conrad Outcast of Islands i. i. 11 The road to greatness lay plainly before his eyes.
1915 D. H. Lawrence Rainbow iv. 99 She wished he would not say the responses so plainly.
1954 O. Sitwell Four Continents iv. 99 I looked at it attentively, and noticed that the price of it was marked plainly in ink on a label attached to it.
1985 T. Jones Skin Deep xxiii. 165 Her anguish was now plainly visible on her face.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

plainlyadv.2

Forms: see plain adj.1 and -ly suffix2.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: plain adj.1, -ly suffix2.
Etymology: < plain adj.1 + -ly suffix2.This word is often difficult to distinguish from plainly adv.1
Obsolete.
Fully, amply, comprehensively.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > fully or to full extent or in full
fullyeOE
wellOE
plenarly?1316
largelyc1325
abandonc1330
perfectly1340
sadlya1375
plainlya1382
fullily1385
largea1400
atauntc1400
taunta1550
in toto1573
good1577
soundly1577
richly1588
plenarily1615
sounda1616
plenally1631
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > utterly
allOE
allOE
outlyOE
thwert-outc1175
skerea1225
thoroughc1225
downrightc1275
purec1300
purelyc1300
faira1325
finelyc1330
quitec1330
quitelyc1330
utterlyc1374
outerlya1382
plainlya1382
straighta1387
allutterly1389
starkc1390
oultrelya1393
plata1393
barec1400
outrightc1400
incomparablyc1422
absolutely?a1425
simpliciter?a1425
staringa1425
quitementa1450
properlyc1450
directly1455
merec1475
incomparable1482
preciselyc1503
clean?1515
cleara1522
plain1535
merely1546
stark1553
perfectly1555
right-down1566
simply1574
flat1577
flatly1577
skire1581
plumb1588
dead?1589
rankly1590
stark1593
sheera1600
start1599
handsmooth1600
peremptory1601
sheerly1601
rank1602
utter1619
point-blank1624
proofa1625
peremptorily1626
downrightly1632
right-down1646
solid1651
clever1664
just1668
hollow1671
entirely1673
blank1677
even down1677
cleverly1696
uncomparatively1702
subtly1733
point1762
cussed1779
regularly1789
unqualifiedly1789
irredeemably1790
positively1800
cussedly1802
heart1812
proper1816
slick1818
blankly1822
bang1828
smack1828
pluperfectly1831
unmitigatedly1832
bodaciously1833
unredeemedly1835
out of sight1839
bodacious1845
regular1846
thoroughly1846
ingrainedly1869
muckinga1880
fucking1893
motherless1898
self1907
stone1928
sideways1956
terminally1974
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Ecclus. i. 8 Alle thingis harde, & a man mai not þem tellen out pleynly [L. explicare] with woord.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 211 (MED) Of þis matire loke wiþ ynne more pleynliche [L. plenius] after þe batayle of Troy.
c1400 Metrical Paraphr. Rolle's Form of Living 442 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 287 (MED) Al euil dedes þat we here hid sal þare plainly be knawen & kyd.
1418 H. Chichele in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. I. 5 (MED) Towchyng al odr things..your brother sendyth to ȝu pleynlych.
1442 Rolls of Parl. V. 58/1 To have, holde, and enjoye hem..as pleynly, hoolly, and in the same maner..as youre seide Fadir hadde.
1469 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 45 (MED) I wyll that myn detts be plennly paied.
a1525 Coventry Leet Bk. 112 The whiche Costes apereth more pleyneley in a paper beyng in the seyd meires bag.
1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) sig. Ai (heading) The Table and Kalender,..to bee sayed at Matyns and Euensong, throughout the yere, excepte certayne proper feastes, as the Rules folowyng more playnlye declare.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 530 The kindred of the mothers side, for to saue her honesty, it plainely denied.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 151 This ponder, that all Nations of the Earth Shall in his Seed be blessed; by that Seed Is meant thy great deliverer, who shall bruise The Serpents head; whereof to thee anon Plainlier shall be reveald. View more context for this quotation
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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adv.1a1382adv.2a1382
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