planetn.

Brit.

/ˈplanɪt/, U.S.

/ˈplænət/

Forms: Middle English planeet, Middle English planeth, Middle English plantis (plural, transmission error), Middle English planyt, Middle English planyte, Middle English 1600s planett, Middle English 1600s planit, Middle English–1500s planete, Middle English–1500s planette, Middle English– planet, 1500s plannette, 1500s plenete, 1500s–1600s plannet, 1600s plannett, 1800s– plennet (English regional (northern)), 1800s plannet (English regional (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 planait, pre-1700 planeit, pre-1700 planete, pre-1700 planeyt, pre-1700 plannet, pre-1700 playnyt, pre-1700 plenet, pre-1700 1700s– planet, pre-1700 1900s– planit, 1800s plannit (Shetland), 1900s– plenit.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French planete; Latin planēta.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman planete, planette, planet, and Old French planete (Middle French, French planète) one of the seven major celestial objects visible from the earth which move independently of the fixed stars (1119 in Old French), any of these bodies regarded in terms of its supposed influence or quality in affecting persons, events, and natural phenomena (14th cent.), any of various rocky or gaseous bodies that revolve around the sun and are visible by its reflected light (1686) and its etymon classical Latin planēta (2nd cent. a.d., recorded only in plural planētae), probably representing an alteration, with change of inflectional class, of planēs (2nd cent. a.d., recorded only in plural planētes; < ancient Greek πλάνητ-, πλάνης wanderer, in plural πλάνητες, also πλάνητες ἀστέρες wandering stars, planets (compare classical Latin stellae errantēs) < πλανᾶν to lead astray, (in passive) to wander, of uncertain origin), although compare ancient Greek πλανήτης wanderer. Compare Old Occitan planet (first half of the 13th cent.), planeta (mid 13th cent.; Occitan planeta), Catalan planeta (13th cent.), planet (1460), Spanish planeta (1223), Portuguese planeta (13th cent.), Italian pianeta (1282).For earlier use of the Latin and Greek words (in sense 1a) in an English context compare:OE Ælfric De Temporibus Anni (Cambr. Gg.3.28) ix. §5. 68 Seo sunne, & se mona, & æfensteorra, & dægsteorra, & oðre ðry steorran ne sind na fæste on ðam firmamentum, ac habbað heora agenne gang on sundron. Þa seofon sind gehatene Septem planete.OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) ii. iii. 118 Þa steorran þe man hæt planete on Lyden and on Grecisc opotes [read apo tes] planes (hoc est ab errore).

a. Each of the seven major celestial objects visible from the earth which move independently of the fixed stars and were believed to revolve around the earth in concentric spheres centred on the earth (in order of their supposed distance from the earth in the Ptolemaic system: the moon, Mercury, Venus, the sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn). Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > [noun] > of older astronomy

planetc1300

erratic starc1374

erring starc1449

seven starsc1530

straying star1585

wanderer1615

erratical1647

erratic1715

c1300 St. Michael (Laud) 437 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 312 (MED) Of þe seoue planetes..þe seoue Dawes in þe wyke þare-aftur I-nemde beoth.

c1350 Rabe Moyses (Rawl.) in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1901) 106 350 (MED) He says þer beþ planetus seuene; ffro one planete to an oþer þere A-mowntez þe wey of fyue hondred ȝere.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1550 (MED) In sua lang time..þe planetes [a1400 Fairf. planettes] all ar went again O þair first making in to þe state.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde i. xx. 60 A way that is comune to the vii planetes.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 500 Quhill day began to peyr. A thyk myst fell, the planet was nocht cleyr.

c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 1695 (MED) The seuyn planettys Haue her propre names by astronomers, But goddys were they called by oold poetys.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. ii. sig. Yii^v The heuyn visible is mooste pleasauntly garnisshed with planettes, and sterres.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 4366 Venus..is worshippit with sum, Þat of planettes of prise has hor pure nome.

1600 T. Nashe Summers Last Will sig. Dj Resplendent Sol, chiefe planet of the heauens.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. i. ii. 62 Gregorius Tolosanus makes seauen kindes of ætheriall Divels, according to the number of the seauen Planets, Saturnine, Iouial, Martiall.

1687 tr. G. P. Marana Lett. Turkish Spy I. i. xii. 35 It is a great while since we have had any Commerce here with the Sun; there being forty nine Days since this beauteous Planet appeared to us.

1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II. (at cited word) There is none of the Planets, except the Sun that shines with his own Light.

1766 ‘M. A. Porny’ Elem. Heraldry (1787) 19 Arms..are blazoned..by Planets, when they belong to Sovereign Princes, Kings, and Emperors.

1855 Harper's Mag. Feb. 343/2 An astronomer of Florence, by the name of Sizzi, maintained that as there were only seven apertures in the head..and..only seven metals and seven days in the week, so there could be only seven planets.

1912 Catholic Encycl. XIV. 335/2 The seven planets, known to us as Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, the Sun, Venus, Mercury, and the Moon, each had an hour of the day assigned to them.

1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia VIII. 23/3 In primitive Earth-centred (Ptolemaic) astronomy, the term planet was applied to the seven celestial bodies that were observed to move appreciably against the background of the apparently fixed stars.

b. Chiefly Astrology and Alchemy. Any of these bodies (in modern use sometimes also including Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto) regarded in terms of its supposed influence or quality in affecting persons, events, and natural phenomena. Hence in later use: a controlling or fateful power, usually of an occult nature.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > heavenly body > as influence on mankind > [noun] > influence > planet as

planetc1300

c1300 St. Michael (Laud) 431 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 312 Þe planetes..ȝiuez in mannes wille To beon luþur oþur guod ase heore uertue wole to tille.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 2467 (MED) The bodies whiche I speke of hiere Of the Planetes ben begonne: The gold is titled to the Sonne, The mone of Selver hath his part.

?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 81 Men of Inde..passe noȝt comounly oute of þaire awen land, for þai dwell vnder a planett þat es called Saturnus.

a1450 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe i. §21. 67 In the zodiak ben the 12 signes that han the names of bestes..whan the planetes ben vnder thilke signes thei causen us by her influence operaciouns and effectes like to the operaciouns of bestes.

a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 2459 (MED) One planete is more ponderous Then is an other, & slower in his cours.

1564 A. Golding tr. Justinus Hist. Trogus Pompeius xix. f. 91^v Sodainly by the influence of a pestilente planet, [he] lost all his men of warre.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 616 The wittie Captaynes..thought it necessary to take the tyme while their good planet reigned.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 182 Under what signe and planet our Britaine is seated.

1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. ii. 97 Blind, astonish'd, and strook with superstition as with a Planet.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 525 Great applications were made to the Duke for saving his life: But he was not born under a pardoning planet.

1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 82 I was born under a Threepenny Planet, never to be worth a Groat.

1792 J. Hamilton Culpeper's Eng. Family Physician I. xiii. 99 A urine came to me about a year ago, Mercury was the afflicting planet, and in Aries.

1837 M. M. Sherwood Henry Milner iii. ix. 176 One of us poor creatures who are born under a three-halfpenny planet.

1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxxviii. 382 The ill-starred youngest Toodle but one..would appear..to have been born under an unlucky planet.

1964 L. MacNeice Astrol. ii. 41 There is more than one way of becoming a ‘planet type’ or of being ‘born under’ any planet.

1991 E. S. Connell Alchymist's Jrnl. (1992) 14 Analeptics subside under the reign of malevolent planets.

c. to rule a planet: †(a) to govern the supposed astrological influence of a planet (obsolete); (b) English regional to draw up a horoscope, to practise astrology.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > [verb] > rule

obeya1450

to rule a planet1488

the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > horoscope > [verb]

to cast a figure, horoscope, nativity1591

horoscope1673

to rule a planet1888

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 175 That wykked syng so rewled the planait, Saturn, was than in-till his heast stait.

1879 R. Jefferies Wild Life vi. 109 The belief in the power of certain persons to ‘rule the planets’ is profound.

1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. (at cited word) To ‘rule the planets’ is to practise rustic astrology.

1903 I. Wilkinson in Eng. Dial. Dict. IV. 537/2 He's getten his planet ruled.

d. English regional. to rain (also fall, etc.) by (also in) planets: to rain in heavy localized showers, as though governed by capricious planetary influences. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > rain falls [verb (intransitive)] > rain in very localized manner

to rain (also fall, etc.) by (also in) planets1670

1670 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Prov. 45 It rains by planets, this the Countrey people use when it rains in one place and not in another; meaning that the showers are governed by the Planets.

1807 J. Stagg Misc. Poems (new ed.) 22 Heavier now the tempest musters, Down in plennets teems the rain.

a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) (at cited word) In changeable weather the rain and sunshine come and go by planets. A man of unsteady mind acts by planets; meaning much the same as by fits and starts.

1882 in J. Lucas Stud. Nidderdale 206 That no two floods in Nidderdale are alike in effect, which is locally accounted for by saying, ‘that the rain falls in planets’.

2. figurative. In various uses relating to a planet as a source of light or power: a luminary; a source of influence; (Criminals' slang) a candle.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > power > influence > [noun] > one who or that which influences

planetc1500

influenciary1659

influencer1664

influence1736

force1785

field of force1876

spiritus rector1876

the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > [noun]

candlea700

taperc897

ruff1440

taper-light1577

planet1843

c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) xcix (MED) Hye quene of lufe! sterr of benevolence! Pitous princes and planet merciable!

1594 M. Drayton Matilda sig. D That planet clearer then the seuen, Whose radient splendour lights the world to heauen.

1790 J. Adams Let. 13 Sept. in Wks. (1854) IX. 571 What the conjunctions and oppositions of two such political planets may produce, I know not.

1843 H. W. Longfellow Spanish Student iii. v. 146 As soon as you see the planets are out, in with you.

a. Astronomy. Any of various rocky or gaseous bodies that revolve in approximately elliptical orbits around the sun and are visible by its reflected light; esp. each of the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and (until 2006) Pluto (in order of increasing distance from the sun); a similar body revolving around another star. Also: any of various smaller bodies that revolve around these (cf. satellite n. 2a).The status of Pluto as a planet is the subject of debate. In August 2006 the International Astronomical Union formally declared Pluto to be a dwarf planet rather than a planet proper, ruling that to be a planet a body has to have cleared its orbit of other large objects by its gravitational attraction. Before that decision Pluto had been regarded from its discovery in 1930 as the ninth planet of the solar system.Georgian, inferior, major, minor, primary, secondary, superior, terrestrial planet: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > heavenly body > [noun]

candle937

lightOE

starsc1225

ballc1300

bodya1398

celestinec1430

heavenly bodya1475

luminair1477

luminary1489

streamer1513

host or hosts of heaven1535

globe1555

orb1565

sphere1598

planet1640

superstar1910

the world > the universe > planet > [noun]

superior planet1577

better star1600

planet1640

planetary1819

exoplanet1992

1640 Bp. J. Wilkins (title) A Discovrse concerning a New Planet. Tending to prove, That 'tis probable our Earth is one of the Planets.

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. iii. 163 Who can imagine that any of the primary Planets were wholly designed for the service of Us and our Earth?

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. (at cited word) We now number the Earth among the Primary Planets, because we know it moves round the Sun,..and that in a Path or Circle between Mars and Venus.

1710 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum II. (at cited word) The Motions of the Secondary Planets or Satellites round their Primary ones.

1728 A. Pope Dunciad iii. 196 Other planets circle other suns.

1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia II. xliv. 124 You know the qualities and the causes of all that you behold, the laws by which the river flows, the periods in which the planets perform their revolutions.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 510 The superior planets are those further from the sun than our Earth..and the inferior planets are those nearer the sun.

1832 tr. A. von Humboldt in W. Macgillivray Trav. & Researches A. von Humboldt xix. 279 The waters have scooped a great hollow..in the ancient revolutions of our planet.

1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam Epil. 210 The man, that with me trod This planet .

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) xxi. 371 Astronomers are acquainted with 182 bodies called planets.

1902 G. F. Chambers Story Solar Syst. vii. 118 Mars is the planet which bears most resemblance to the Earth.

1930 J. H. Jeans Universe around Us (ed. 2) i. 17 The orbits of thousands of tiny planets known as asteroids.

1951 I. Asimov Foundation i. ii. 6 The air seemed a little thicker here, the gravity a bit greater, than on his home planet of Synnax.

1971 Daily Tel. 17 Nov. 1/6 A tenth planet, between Mercury and the Sun, may have been discovered by astronomers in Cambridge and the naval observatory in Washington.

1996 Sky & Telescope Apr. 11/1 Mowey and Butter have established that a planet with at least 2.3 Jupiter masses orbits 47 Ursae Majoris, a 5th-magnitude GO star 46 light-years away.

b. In figurative contexts, indicating detachment from ordinary existence. Esp. in phrases, as another planet, a different planet, etc., and in rhetorical questions ( what planet is —— on?). Also prefixed to a noun designating a particular state or sphere distant from ordinary life (colloquial (humorous)). to be on another (also different) planet and variants: to be out of touch with reality; (also) to be far superior to.

ΚΠ

1788 M. Wollstonecraft Mary i. 4 What sort of a planet would have been proper for her, when she left her material part in this world, let metaphysicians settle.

1824 I. Washington Tales of Traveller II. 93 This was, indeed, novelty to me. It was a peep into another planet. I gazed and listened with intense curiosity and enjoyment.

a1839 J. Smith Comic Misc. (1840) 142 When I named Paine, and his set of Quadrilles, (I wonder what planet some people come from,) The poor ignoramusses thought I meant Tom.

1902 H. James Let. 18 Oct. (1984) IV. ii. 244 Madrid is another planet.

1940 R. Wright Native Son iii. 353 Bigger could tell..that Max..had no suspicion of what he wanted, of what he was trying to say. Max was upon another planet.

1977 New Mus. Express (Electronic ed.) 29 Oct. There were things going on elsewhere that were less than savoury in the eyes of middle earth (the global silent majority, not Planet Hobbit, although, maybe, in the end, they ain't so far apart, dig?).

1988 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 5 July b3 What planet is this guy living on?

1992 Harper's Mag. May 35/2 The typical aspiring poet one tends to meet in post-Reagan America..is a wiener from Planet Mall, someone who should be teaching junior-high civics or merchandising wholesale linoleum.

1993 I. Welsh Trainspotting 274 Mark isnae a junky, he jist uses sometimes.—Aye sure. What fuckin planet are you oan Kelly?

1994 Guardian 19 Sept. ii. 5/4 Her albums, unmemorable in the extreme, sell millions to an audience confused by the ongoing hyperfragmentation of Planet Pop.

1996 Farmers Weekly 22 Nov. 104/2 Nissan's new, downsized and emission friendly indirect-injection six is simply on a different planet for noise and vibration.

2003 Independent on Sunday 2 Feb. (Life Etc. section) 4/3 Not everyone was on planet bliss.

2004 Home News Tribune (New Brunswick, New Jersey) (Nexis) 2 May d5 The characters are pretty one-dimensional..Rachel's always been pretty, Monica's always been anal, Phoebe's always been on another planet.

2004 Scunthorpe Evening Tel. (Nexis) 17 Sept. 17 They [sc. the police] say crime is coming down—what planet are they on? Crime is coming down because people have given up reporting crime.

4. Mechanics. = planet wheel n. at Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > cog or gear > with axis rotating around another > planet

planet wheel1799

planet pinion1908

planet1912

planet gear1916

planetary1941

1912 R. W. A. Brewer Motor Car Constr. xii. 154 If one sun wheel is held, the whole of the planets with their star piece move bodily in a circle when the other sun wheel is revolved.

1928 V. W. Pagé Mod. Aircraft xi. 474 Various methods of compounding plain epicyclic gears have been tried, but the best type is undoubtedly that combining double planets, an annulus driven from the crankshaft, and a sun fixed to the engine casing.

1962 D. W. Dudley Gear Handbk. iii. 15 With some ratios it has been possible to squeeze in as many as twenty planets.

1990 W. A. Livesey GCSE Motor Vehicle Stud. ix. 79/1 If the carrier of the planet gears is held, the sun will rotate the planets on their spindles, which will turn the annulus.

Compounds

C1.

† planet prognosticator n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 23 Away..with all superstitious hearkning to weather-wizzards, Planet Prognosticators, and fortune spellers.

planet-ruler n.

ΚΠ

1894 Spectator 17 Feb. 231 She went to consult a planet-ruler (the name now given to white witches) in Bristol.

1971 K. Thomas Relig. & Decline of Magic xxi. 634 In the late nineteenth century white witches were still sometimes known as ‘planet-rulers’.

2000 Vancouver Province (Nexis) 20 Mar. a2 David used to be a sportscaster in London, but luckily he discovered the shape-shifting planet-rulers and got out of his mundane life right quick.

† planet-blazoned adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1839 F. Barham tr. H. Grotius Adamus Exul. 43 This vast and planet-blazoned universe.

† planet-crested adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound i. i. 57 That planet-crested shape swept by on lightning-braided pinions.

a1855 C. Brontë Poems (1984) 125 Long hath earth lain beneath the dark profound Of silent-footed, planet-crested night.

planet-making adj.

ΚΠ

1854 W. Whewell Plurality of Worlds x. 226 The planet-making powers which were efficacious to this distance from the sun, and which produced the great globe of the Earth, were, beyond this point, feebler; so that they could only give birth to smaller masses; to planetoids, to satellites, and to meteoric stones.

1892 Jrnl. Amer. Geogr. Soc. N.Y. 24 32 We need to track the planet-making forces at their toil, to see with what sure laws and tireless industry they carve out continents into infinitely varied relief.

2003 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 11 July a1/2 Planet-making ingredients include silicon, iron and other elements heavier than hydrogen or helium.

planet-producing adj.

ΚΠ

1903 A. R. Wallace Man's Place in Universe xv.285 The whole of this period..must be left out of the account of planet-producing Suns.

1995 Rocky Mountain News (Denver) (Nexis) 21 May 84 a Potentially planet-producing regions, such as the stellar nursery in the Orion nebula.

planet-spotted adj.

ΚΠ

1925 E. Sitwell Troy Park 39 Not medicines planet-spotted like fritillaries For country sins and old stupidities.

C2.

† planet-book n. Obsolete a book professing to tell fortunes by means of the planets.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > treatise > [noun]

iatromathematics1647

planet-book1677

1677 Rosamond in T. E. Evans Old Ballads (1784) I. 72 Go fetch me down my planet-book,..For in the same I mean to look, What is decreed my doom.

planet cage n. Mechanics a cylindrical form of planet carrier.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > cog or gear > with axis rotating around another > frame for

planet cage1908

planet carrier1956

1908 Daily Chron. 14 Nov. 8/6 Greater attention is being paid to the elimination of internal friction from these devices, as in the provision of ball bearings for the planet pinions in the Sturmey Archer gears, and roller bearings for the planet cage in the Armstrong.

1947 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 51 100/1 This usually leads to the adoption of an epicyclic gear with its associated problems of planet cage design and high centrifugal loadings.

2002 Re: Geared Hub Modification in rec.sport.unicycling (Usenet newsgroup) 3 Mar. I machined..two planet cages today.

planet carrier n. Mechanics the frame on which planet wheels are mounted in a planetary gear.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > cog or gear > with axis rotating around another > frame for

planet cage1908

planet carrier1956

1956 E. Molloy & G. H. Lanchester Automobile Engineer's Ref. Bk. xii. 60 The short planet gears rotate round the internal ring gear, in the same direction as the input shaft, thus rotating the planet carrier and attached output shaft at a reduced speed.

1986 C. Culpin Farm Machinery (ed. 11) ii. 23/1 When oil pressure is applied to either unit, the planet carrier is locked to the input shaft and provides a direct drive.

Planet Earth n. (also with lower-case initial(s)) (without the) the earth, as distinct from the rest of the universe, esp. when considered as the planet on which humans live, or on which living organisms form an ecological system; the whole world.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > [noun]

all the worldeOE

mouldOE

worldOE

earthOE

earthricheOE

foldOE

worldricheOE

motherOE

wonec1275

mound?a1300

wildernessa1340

mappemondea1393

lower worlda1398

the whole worlda1513

orba1550

the (also this) globe1553

the earthly globe1553

mother earth1568

the glimpses of the moon1603

universe1630

outer world1661

terrene1667

Orphic egg1684

Midgard1770

all outdoors1833

Planet Earth1858

overworld1911

Spaceship Earth1966

the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > earth > [noun]

earthOE

ballc1300

Tellus1567

this earthly round1584

mass1587

underworld1609

footstool1652

terrestrial1745

terra firma1786

Planet Earth1858

terra1947

earthside1958

1858 Hamilton (Ohio) Weekly Telegraph 16 Sept. He would show up a mass of corruption that would astonish the natives, and perhaps seriously endanger the equilibrium of planet Earth.

1868 H. T. W. Adams Alphabet Geol. & Elem. Mineral. 41 The sedimentary rocks.., with their alternations of rock and imbedded fossils, give us a correct history of planet Earth since that early period.

1943 Times 26 Apr. 5/6 ‘Planet-earth’ is seen [by American writers on aeronautics] as the centre of the air-globe ‘like a small spherical kernel within a large spherical shell’.

1976 L. Deighton Twinkle, twinkle, Little Spy viii. 80 We should simply seek to make a mark in the universe..that some other civilization will detect and so know there is..sophisticated life on planet Earth.

2002 Independent 21 May (Review section) 6/2 The most accomplished impresario of food and drink on Planet Earth.

planet gear n. Mechanics = planetary gear n. at planetary adj. and n. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > cog or gear > with axis rotating around another > planet

planet wheel1799

planet pinion1908

planet1912

planet gear1916

planetary1941

1864 Sci. Amer. 12 Mar. 173/1 The rotary cooler, G, provided with spiral passages, j, between two perforated cylinders, i i, and with fan-blowers, k, to which motion is imparted by a sun and planet gear, m m'.]

1916 J. E. Homans Automobile Handbk. iii. 42 As soon as the engine starts—there being no clutch necessary on a car with such apparatus—the two spurs keyed to the main shaft..rotate with it, driving the ‘planet’ gears in mesh with them.

1971 B. Scharf Engin. & its Lang. xii. 161 The planet gears are mounted on pins attached to a common frame, the planet carrier.

1990 W. A. Livesey GCSE Motor Vehicle Stud. ix. 79/1 The inner gear is called the sun gear.., the outer toothed part is the annulus gear.., and the small gears between the sun and the annulus are called planet gears.

planet-gearing n. Mechanics rare epicyclic or planetary gearing (see planetary adj. 4).

ΚΠ

1890 Cent. Dict. Planet-gearing.

1924 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press-Telegram 8 Aug. The differential [installed on a steam wagon in 1828] had a planet gearing, which was substantially the origin of the differential used on the rear axle of an automobile today.

planet pinion n. Mechanics a planet wheel, esp. one significantly smaller than the sun wheel.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > cog or gear > with axis rotating around another > planet

planet wheel1799

planet pinion1908

planet1912

planet gear1916

planetary1941

1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) X. 273/2 The number of teeth on the planet pinion of a simple planetary gear does not enter into the equations for speed ratio because the pinion engages both sun and ring gears.

1988 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 17 Nov. c29/1 There was a problem understanding how the planet pinions of a differential enable the inner and outer wheels of a turning car to travel at two different speeds.

planet shower n. regional (chiefly Irish English (northern)) a local shower of rain; cf. sense 1d.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [noun] > a or the fall of rain > shower > localized

planet shower1802

1802 M. Culley Let. 6 July in M. Culley & G. Culley Farming Lett. (2006) 314 I think it has rained every day more or less for several days, and sometimes it has fallen a great deal, but not in heavy plannet showers.

1853 M. Reid Rifle Rangers (new ed.) lvii. 288 We were treated each day to some five or six hours of a ‘planet’ shower.

1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down 78 Planet showers, short heavy showers.

planet sphere n. (a) a planet considered as a sphere; a sphere representing a planet; (b) historical a sphere of the heavens (sphere n. 2a) associated with a planet.

ΚΠ

1830 W. G. Simms Tri-colour 27 Some planet sphere By some fatal destiny, Driven from its station high, Through the dim and troubled sky Wails and murmurs [etc.].

1882 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 11 405 Although the doctrine of the planet-spheres first appears in a distinct form among the early Greek astronomers, there are strong grounds for inferring its connection with the seven stages of the Babylonian planet-temples.

1995 Times Union (Albany, N.Y.) (Nexis) 10 Dec. h2 An amorphous planet sphere hovers on a black background.

planet stirrer n. rare = planetary stirrer n. at planetary adj. and n. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for altering consistency > [noun] > mixing apparatus

pug mill1824

concrete mixer1834

concrete paver1834

paste-maker1875

mixer1876

planet stirrer1902

agitant1918

agitator1937

truck mixer1954

1902 C. Salter tr. G. von Georgievics Chem. Technol. Textile Fibres 249 Stirring is effected by so-called planet stirrers.

planet wheel n. Mechanics an outer wheel which revolves around the central wheel in an epicyclic or planetary gear.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > cog or gear > with axis rotating around another > planet

planet wheel1799

planet pinion1908

planet1912

planet gear1916

planetary1941

1796 W. Farish Plan Course Lect. Arts & Manuf. Chem. 28 Circular motion produced..by sun and planet wheel.]

1799 R. R. Livingston in Trans. Soc. Promotion Agric. iv. 90 It is still more defective when applied to obtain a circular motion; this it effects either by a winch, or planet wheels.

1827 J. Farey Treat. Steam Engine i. vi. 449 The link causes the centre of the planet-wheel to travel in a circular orbit..when it revolves round the sun-wheel.

1912 R. W. A. Brewer Motor Car Constr. xii. 153 The large bevel wheel is bolted to a casing, which holds firmly a star piece having four arms on each of which runs a planet wheel... These four planet wheels engage with two sun wheels.

1976 D. J. Leeming & R. Hartley Heavy Vehicle Technol. vi. 117/2 If the planet carrier is braked and the sun wheel driven, the annulus is driven in a reverse direction—the planet wheels being idler wheels only—and reverse ratio is obtained.

planetwide adj. extending over or affecting a whole planet (esp. the earth).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > spreading or diffusion > [adjective] > spread or diffused > widely

wideOE

rampanta1540

widespread1582

cheverel1583

worldwide1602

broada1616

ubiquitary1652

wide-spreading1655

broadcast1785

country-wide1845

statewide1848

nationwide1891

planetwide1920

1920 L. Stoddard Rising Tide of Color iii. xi. 268 A mighty problem—a planet-wide problem—confronts us today.

1943 Econ. Geogr. 19 320 World War II, with its planet-wide battlefields..has turned the attention of the public to world geography.

1969 Listener 14 Aug. 215/2 It is now evident that on Mars, the craters are planet-wide.

1992 N. Stephenson Snow Crash xlviii. 328 A fundamental rebuilding of the whole Metaverse, carried out on a planetwide, corporate level.

Derivatives

ˈplanet-like adj.

ΚΠ

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. L3 If..you be borne so neere the dull making Cataphract of Nilus, that you cannot heare the Plannet-like Musick of Poetrie.

1678 H. Vaughan Thalia Rediviva 9 Thy great Name doth run Through ev'ry Sign an everlasting Sun. Not Planet-like, but fix'd.

1715 G. Cheyne Philos. Princ. Relig. (ed. 2) i. ii. 74 The Sun and fixt Stars are only Planet-like Bodies, vehemently heated.

1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 312 Oh! let not a planet-like eye Imbeam its tale on thine.

1994 Sci. Amer. June 28/1 (caption) A more planetlike behavior would have the orbits lie in one plane.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	planet
释义	planetn. Brit. /ˈplanɪt/, U.S. /ˈplænət/ Forms: Middle English planeet, Middle English planeth, Middle English plantis (plural, transmission error), Middle English planyt, Middle English planyte, Middle English 1600s planett, Middle English 1600s planit, Middle English–1500s planete, Middle English–1500s planette, Middle English– planet, 1500s plannette, 1500s plenete, 1500s–1600s plannet, 1600s plannett, 1800s– plennet (English regional (northern)), 1800s plannet (English regional (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 planait, pre-1700 planeit, pre-1700 planete, pre-1700 planeyt, pre-1700 plannet, pre-1700 playnyt, pre-1700 plenet, pre-1700 1700s– planet, pre-1700 1900s– planit, 1800s plannit (Shetland), 1900s– plenit. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French planete; Latin planēta. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman planete, planette, planet, and Old French planete (Middle French, French planète) one of the seven major celestial objects visible from the earth which move independently of the fixed stars (1119 in Old French), any of these bodies regarded in terms of its supposed influence or quality in affecting persons, events, and natural phenomena (14th cent.), any of various rocky or gaseous bodies that revolve around the sun and are visible by its reflected light (1686) and its etymon classical Latin planēta (2nd cent. a.d., recorded only in plural planētae), probably representing an alteration, with change of inflectional class, of planēs (2nd cent. a.d., recorded only in plural planētes; < ancient Greek πλάνητ-, πλάνης wanderer, in plural πλάνητες, also πλάνητες ἀστέρες wandering stars, planets (compare classical Latin stellae errantēs) < πλανᾶν to lead astray, (in passive) to wander, of uncertain origin), although compare ancient Greek πλανήτης wanderer. Compare Old Occitan planet (first half of the 13th cent.), planeta (mid 13th cent.; Occitan planeta), Catalan planeta (13th cent.), planet (1460), Spanish planeta (1223), Portuguese planeta (13th cent.), Italian pianeta (1282).For earlier use of the Latin and Greek words (in sense 1a) in an English context compare:OE Ælfric De Temporibus Anni (Cambr. Gg.3.28) ix. §5. 68 Seo sunne, & se mona, & æfensteorra, & dægsteorra, & oðre ðry steorran ne sind na fæste on ðam firmamentum, ac habbað heora agenne gang on sundron. Þa seofon sind gehatene Septem planete.OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) ii. iii. 118 Þa steorran þe man hæt planete on Lyden and on Grecisc opotes [read apo tes] planes (hoc est ab errore). 1. a. Each of the seven major celestial objects visible from the earth which move independently of the fixed stars and were believed to revolve around the earth in concentric spheres centred on the earth (in order of their supposed distance from the earth in the Ptolemaic system: the moon, Mercury, Venus, the sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn). Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > [noun] > of older astronomy planetc1300 erratic starc1374 erring starc1449 seven starsc1530 straying star1585 wanderer1615 erratical1647 erratic1715 c1300 St. Michael (Laud) 437 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 312 (MED) Of þe seoue planetes..þe seoue Dawes in þe wyke þare-aftur I-nemde beoth. c1350 Rabe Moyses (Rawl.) in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1901) 106 350 (MED) He says þer beþ planetus seuene; ffro one planete to an oþer þere A-mowntez þe wey of fyue hondred ȝere. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1550 (MED) In sua lang time..þe planetes [a1400 Fairf. planettes] all ar went again O þair first making in to þe state. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde i. xx. 60 A way that is comune to the vii planetes. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 500 Quhill day began to peyr. A thyk myst fell, the planet was nocht cleyr. c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 1695 (MED) The seuyn planettys Haue her propre names by astronomers, But goddys were they called by oold poetys. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. ii. sig. Yii^v The heuyn visible is mooste pleasauntly garnisshed with planettes, and sterres. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 4366 Venus..is worshippit with sum, Þat of planettes of prise has hor pure nome. 1600 T. Nashe Summers Last Will sig. Dj Resplendent Sol, chiefe planet of the heauens. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. i. ii. 62 Gregorius Tolosanus makes seauen kindes of ætheriall Divels, according to the number of the seauen Planets, Saturnine, Iouial, Martiall. 1687 tr. G. P. Marana Lett. Turkish Spy I. i. xii. 35 It is a great while since we have had any Commerce here with the Sun; there being forty nine Days since this beauteous Planet appeared to us. 1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II. (at cited word) There is none of the Planets, except the Sun that shines with his own Light. 1766 ‘M. A. Porny’ Elem. Heraldry (1787) 19 Arms..are blazoned..by Planets, when they belong to Sovereign Princes, Kings, and Emperors. 1855 Harper's Mag. Feb. 343/2 An astronomer of Florence, by the name of Sizzi, maintained that as there were only seven apertures in the head..and..only seven metals and seven days in the week, so there could be only seven planets. 1912 Catholic Encycl. XIV. 335/2 The seven planets, known to us as Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, the Sun, Venus, Mercury, and the Moon, each had an hour of the day assigned to them. 1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia VIII. 23/3 In primitive Earth-centred (Ptolemaic) astronomy, the term planet was applied to the seven celestial bodies that were observed to move appreciably against the background of the apparently fixed stars. b. Chiefly Astrology and Alchemy. Any of these bodies (in modern use sometimes also including Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto) regarded in terms of its supposed influence or quality in affecting persons, events, and natural phenomena. Hence in later use: a controlling or fateful power, usually of an occult nature. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > as influence on mankind > [noun] > influence > planet as planetc1300 c1300 St. Michael (Laud) 431 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 312 Þe planetes..ȝiuez in mannes wille To beon luþur oþur guod ase heore uertue wole to tille. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 2467 (MED) The bodies whiche I speke of hiere Of the Planetes ben begonne: The gold is titled to the Sonne, The mone of Selver hath his part. ?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 81 Men of Inde..passe noȝt comounly oute of þaire awen land, for þai dwell vnder a planett þat es called Saturnus. a1450 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe i. §21. 67 In the zodiak ben the 12 signes that han the names of bestes..whan the planetes ben vnder thilke signes thei causen us by her influence operaciouns and effectes like to the operaciouns of bestes. a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 2459 (MED) One planete is more ponderous Then is an other, & slower in his cours. 1564 A. Golding tr. Justinus Hist. Trogus Pompeius xix. f. 91^v Sodainly by the influence of a pestilente planet, [he] lost all his men of warre. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 616 The wittie Captaynes..thought it necessary to take the tyme while their good planet reigned. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 182 Under what signe and planet our Britaine is seated. 1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. ii. 97 Blind, astonish'd, and strook with superstition as with a Planet. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 525 Great applications were made to the Duke for saving his life: But he was not born under a pardoning planet. 1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 82 I was born under a Threepenny Planet, never to be worth a Groat. 1792 J. Hamilton Culpeper's Eng. Family Physician I. xiii. 99 A urine came to me about a year ago, Mercury was the afflicting planet, and in Aries. 1837 M. M. Sherwood Henry Milner iii. ix. 176 One of us poor creatures who are born under a three-halfpenny planet. 1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxxviii. 382 The ill-starred youngest Toodle but one..would appear..to have been born under an unlucky planet. 1964 L. MacNeice Astrol. ii. 41 There is more than one way of becoming a ‘planet type’ or of being ‘born under’ any planet. 1991 E. S. Connell Alchymist's Jrnl. (1992) 14 Analeptics subside under the reign of malevolent planets. c. to rule a planet: †(a) to govern the supposed astrological influence of a planet (obsolete); (b) English regional to draw up a horoscope, to practise astrology. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > [verb] > rule obeya1450 to rule a planet1488 the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > horoscope > [verb] to cast a figure, horoscope, nativity1591 horoscope1673 to rule a planet1888 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 175 That wykked syng so rewled the planait, Saturn, was than in-till his heast stait. 1879 R. Jefferies Wild Life vi. 109 The belief in the power of certain persons to ‘rule the planets’ is profound. 1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. (at cited word) To ‘rule the planets’ is to practise rustic astrology. 1903 I. Wilkinson in Eng. Dial. Dict. IV. 537/2 He's getten his planet ruled. d. English regional. to rain (also fall, etc.) by (also in) planets: to rain in heavy localized showers, as though governed by capricious planetary influences. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > rain falls [verb (intransitive)] > rain in very localized manner to rain (also fall, etc.) by (also in) planets1670 1670 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Prov. 45 It rains by planets, this the Countrey people use when it rains in one place and not in another; meaning that the showers are governed by the Planets. 1807 J. Stagg Misc. Poems (new ed.) 22 Heavier now the tempest musters, Down in plennets teems the rain. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) (at cited word) In changeable weather the rain and sunshine come and go by planets. A man of unsteady mind acts by planets; meaning much the same as by fits and starts. 1882 in J. Lucas Stud. Nidderdale 206 That no two floods in Nidderdale are alike in effect, which is locally accounted for by saying, ‘that the rain falls in planets’. 2. figurative. In various uses relating to a planet as a source of light or power: a luminary; a source of influence; (Criminals' slang) a candle. ΘΚΠ society > authority > power > influence > [noun] > one who or that which influences planetc1500 influenciary1659 influencer1664 influence1736 force1785 field of force1876 spiritus rector1876 the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > [noun] candlea700 taperc897 ruff1440 taper-light1577 planet1843 c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) xcix (MED) Hye quene of lufe! sterr of benevolence! Pitous princes and planet merciable! 1594 M. Drayton Matilda sig. D That planet clearer then the seuen, Whose radient splendour lights the world to heauen. 1790 J. Adams Let. 13 Sept. in Wks. (1854) IX. 571 What the conjunctions and oppositions of two such political planets may produce, I know not. 1843 H. W. Longfellow Spanish Student iii. v. 146 As soon as you see the planets are out, in with you. 3. a. Astronomy. Any of various rocky or gaseous bodies that revolve in approximately elliptical orbits around the sun and are visible by its reflected light; esp. each of the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and (until 2006) Pluto (in order of increasing distance from the sun); a similar body revolving around another star. Also: any of various smaller bodies that revolve around these (cf. satellite n. 2a).The status of Pluto as a planet is the subject of debate. In August 2006 the International Astronomical Union formally declared Pluto to be a dwarf planet rather than a planet proper, ruling that to be a planet a body has to have cleared its orbit of other large objects by its gravitational attraction. Before that decision Pluto had been regarded from its discovery in 1930 as the ninth planet of the solar system.Georgian, inferior, major, minor, primary, secondary, superior, terrestrial planet: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > [noun] candle937 lightOE starsc1225 ballc1300 bodya1398 celestinec1430 heavenly bodya1475 luminair1477 luminary1489 streamer1513 host or hosts of heaven1535 globe1555 orb1565 sphere1598 planet1640 superstar1910 the world > the universe > planet > [noun] superior planet1577 better star1600 planet1640 planetary1819 exoplanet1992 1640 Bp. J. Wilkins (title) A Discovrse concerning a New Planet. Tending to prove, That 'tis probable our Earth is one of the Planets. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. iii. 163 Who can imagine that any of the primary Planets were wholly designed for the service of Us and our Earth? 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. (at cited word) We now number the Earth among the Primary Planets, because we know it moves round the Sun,..and that in a Path or Circle between Mars and Venus. 1710 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum II. (at cited word) The Motions of the Secondary Planets or Satellites round their Primary ones. 1728 A. Pope Dunciad iii. 196 Other planets circle other suns. 1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia II. xliv. 124 You know the qualities and the causes of all that you behold, the laws by which the river flows, the periods in which the planets perform their revolutions. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 510 The superior planets are those further from the sun than our Earth..and the inferior planets are those nearer the sun. 1832 tr. A. von Humboldt in W. Macgillivray Trav. & Researches A. von Humboldt xix. 279 The waters have scooped a great hollow..in the ancient revolutions of our planet. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam Epil. 210 The man, that with me trod This planet . View more context for this quotation 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) xxi. 371 Astronomers are acquainted with 182 bodies called planets. 1902 G. F. Chambers Story Solar Syst. vii. 118 Mars is the planet which bears most resemblance to the Earth. 1930 J. H. Jeans Universe around Us (ed. 2) i. 17 The orbits of thousands of tiny planets known as asteroids. 1951 I. Asimov Foundation i. ii. 6 The air seemed a little thicker here, the gravity a bit greater, than on his home planet of Synnax. 1971 Daily Tel. 17 Nov. 1/6 A tenth planet, between Mercury and the Sun, may have been discovered by astronomers in Cambridge and the naval observatory in Washington. 1996 Sky & Telescope Apr. 11/1 Mowey and Butter have established that a planet with at least 2.3 Jupiter masses orbits 47 Ursae Majoris, a 5th-magnitude GO star 46 light-years away. b. In figurative contexts, indicating detachment from ordinary existence. Esp. in phrases, as another planet, a different planet, etc., and in rhetorical questions ( what planet is —— on?). Also prefixed to a noun designating a particular state or sphere distant from ordinary life (colloquial (humorous)). to be on another (also different) planet and variants: to be out of touch with reality; (also) to be far superior to. ΚΠ 1788 M. Wollstonecraft Mary i. 4 What sort of a planet would have been proper for her, when she left her material part in this world, let metaphysicians settle. 1824 I. Washington Tales of Traveller II. 93 This was, indeed, novelty to me. It was a peep into another planet. I gazed and listened with intense curiosity and enjoyment. a1839 J. Smith Comic Misc. (1840) 142 When I named Paine, and his set of Quadrilles, (I wonder what planet some people come from,) The poor ignoramusses thought I meant Tom. 1902 H. James Let. 18 Oct. (1984) IV. ii. 244 Madrid is another planet. 1940 R. Wright Native Son iii. 353 Bigger could tell..that Max..had no suspicion of what he wanted, of what he was trying to say. Max was upon another planet. 1977 New Mus. Express (Electronic ed.) 29 Oct. There were things going on elsewhere that were less than savoury in the eyes of middle earth (the global silent majority, not Planet Hobbit, although, maybe, in the end, they ain't so far apart, dig?). 1988 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 5 July b3 What planet is this guy living on? 1992 Harper's Mag. May 35/2 The typical aspiring poet one tends to meet in post-Reagan America..is a wiener from Planet Mall, someone who should be teaching junior-high civics or merchandising wholesale linoleum. 1993 I. Welsh Trainspotting 274 Mark isnae a junky, he jist uses sometimes.—Aye sure. What fuckin planet are you oan Kelly? 1994 Guardian 19 Sept. ii. 5/4 Her albums, unmemorable in the extreme, sell millions to an audience confused by the ongoing hyperfragmentation of Planet Pop. 1996 Farmers Weekly 22 Nov. 104/2 Nissan's new, downsized and emission friendly indirect-injection six is simply on a different planet for noise and vibration. 2003 Independent on Sunday 2 Feb. (Life Etc. section) 4/3 Not everyone was on planet bliss. 2004 Home News Tribune (New Brunswick, New Jersey) (Nexis) 2 May d5 The characters are pretty one-dimensional..Rachel's always been pretty, Monica's always been anal, Phoebe's always been on another planet. 2004 Scunthorpe Evening Tel. (Nexis) 17 Sept. 17 They [sc. the police] say crime is coming down—what planet are they on? Crime is coming down because people have given up reporting crime. 4. Mechanics. = planet wheel n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > cog or gear > with axis rotating around another > planet planet wheel1799 planet pinion1908 planet1912 planet gear1916 planetary1941 1912 R. W. A. Brewer Motor Car Constr. xii. 154 If one sun wheel is held, the whole of the planets with their star piece move bodily in a circle when the other sun wheel is revolved. 1928 V. W. Pagé Mod. Aircraft xi. 474 Various methods of compounding plain epicyclic gears have been tried, but the best type is undoubtedly that combining double planets, an annulus driven from the crankshaft, and a sun fixed to the engine casing. 1962 D. W. Dudley Gear Handbk. iii. 15 With some ratios it has been possible to squeeze in as many as twenty planets. 1990 W. A. Livesey GCSE Motor Vehicle Stud. ix. 79/1 If the carrier of the planet gears is held, the sun will rotate the planets on their spindles, which will turn the annulus. Compounds C1. a. † planet prognosticator n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 23 Away..with all superstitious hearkning to weather-wizzards, Planet Prognosticators, and fortune spellers. planet-ruler n. ΚΠ 1894 Spectator 17 Feb. 231 She went to consult a planet-ruler (the name now given to white witches) in Bristol. 1971 K. Thomas Relig. & Decline of Magic xxi. 634 In the late nineteenth century white witches were still sometimes known as ‘planet-rulers’. 2000 Vancouver Province (Nexis) 20 Mar. a2 David used to be a sportscaster in London, but luckily he discovered the shape-shifting planet-rulers and got out of his mundane life right quick. b. † planet-blazoned adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1839 F. Barham tr. H. Grotius Adamus Exul. 43 This vast and planet-blazoned universe. † planet-crested adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound i. i. 57 That planet-crested shape swept by on lightning-braided pinions. a1855 C. Brontë Poems (1984) 125 Long hath earth lain beneath the dark profound Of silent-footed, planet-crested night. planet-making adj. ΚΠ 1854 W. Whewell Plurality of Worlds x. 226 The planet-making powers which were efficacious to this distance from the sun, and which produced the great globe of the Earth, were, beyond this point, feebler; so that they could only give birth to smaller masses; to planetoids, to satellites, and to meteoric stones. 1892 Jrnl. Amer. Geogr. Soc. N.Y. 24 32 We need to track the planet-making forces at their toil, to see with what sure laws and tireless industry they carve out continents into infinitely varied relief. 2003 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 11 July a1/2 Planet-making ingredients include silicon, iron and other elements heavier than hydrogen or helium. planet-producing adj. ΚΠ 1903 A. R. Wallace Man's Place in Universe xv.285 The whole of this period..must be left out of the account of planet-producing Suns. 1995 Rocky Mountain News (Denver) (Nexis) 21 May 84 a Potentially planet-producing regions, such as the stellar nursery in the Orion nebula. planet-spotted adj. ΚΠ 1925 E. Sitwell Troy Park 39 Not medicines planet-spotted like fritillaries For country sins and old stupidities. C2. † planet-book n. Obsolete a book professing to tell fortunes by means of the planets. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > treatise > [noun] iatromathematics1647 planet-book1677 1677 Rosamond in T. E. Evans Old Ballads (1784) I. 72 Go fetch me down my planet-book,..For in the same I mean to look, What is decreed my doom. planet cage n. Mechanics a cylindrical form of planet carrier. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > cog or gear > with axis rotating around another > frame for planet cage1908 planet carrier1956 1908 Daily Chron. 14 Nov. 8/6 Greater attention is being paid to the elimination of internal friction from these devices, as in the provision of ball bearings for the planet pinions in the Sturmey Archer gears, and roller bearings for the planet cage in the Armstrong. 1947 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 51 100/1 This usually leads to the adoption of an epicyclic gear with its associated problems of planet cage design and high centrifugal loadings. 2002 Re: Geared Hub Modification in rec.sport.unicycling (Usenet newsgroup) 3 Mar. I machined..two planet cages today. planet carrier n. Mechanics the frame on which planet wheels are mounted in a planetary gear. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > cog or gear > with axis rotating around another > frame for planet cage1908 planet carrier1956 1956 E. Molloy & G. H. Lanchester Automobile Engineer's Ref. Bk. xii. 60 The short planet gears rotate round the internal ring gear, in the same direction as the input shaft, thus rotating the planet carrier and attached output shaft at a reduced speed. 1986 C. Culpin Farm Machinery (ed. 11) ii. 23/1 When oil pressure is applied to either unit, the planet carrier is locked to the input shaft and provides a direct drive. Planet Earth n. (also with lower-case initial(s)) (without the) the earth, as distinct from the rest of the universe, esp. when considered as the planet on which humans live, or on which living organisms form an ecological system; the whole world. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > [noun] all the worldeOE mouldOE worldOE earthOE earthricheOE foldOE worldricheOE motherOE wonec1275 mound?a1300 wildernessa1340 mappemondea1393 lower worlda1398 the whole worlda1513 orba1550 the (also this) globe1553 the earthly globe1553 mother earth1568 the glimpses of the moon1603 universe1630 outer world1661 terrene1667 Orphic egg1684 Midgard1770 all outdoors1833 Planet Earth1858 overworld1911 Spaceship Earth1966 the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > earth > [noun] earthOE ballc1300 Tellus1567 this earthly round1584 mass1587 underworld1609 footstool1652 terrestrial1745 terra firma1786 Planet Earth1858 terra1947 earthside1958 1858 Hamilton (Ohio) Weekly Telegraph 16 Sept. He would show up a mass of corruption that would astonish the natives, and perhaps seriously endanger the equilibrium of planet Earth. 1868 H. T. W. Adams Alphabet Geol. & Elem. Mineral. 41 The sedimentary rocks.., with their alternations of rock and imbedded fossils, give us a correct history of planet Earth since that early period. 1943 Times 26 Apr. 5/6 ‘Planet-earth’ is seen [by American writers on aeronautics] as the centre of the air-globe ‘like a small spherical kernel within a large spherical shell’. 1976 L. Deighton Twinkle, twinkle, Little Spy viii. 80 We should simply seek to make a mark in the universe..that some other civilization will detect and so know there is..sophisticated life on planet Earth. 2002 Independent 21 May (Review section) 6/2 The most accomplished impresario of food and drink on Planet Earth. planet gear n. Mechanics = planetary gear n. at planetary adj. and n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > cog or gear > with axis rotating around another > planet planet wheel1799 planet pinion1908 planet1912 planet gear1916 planetary1941 1864 Sci. Amer. 12 Mar. 173/1 The rotary cooler, G, provided with spiral passages, j, between two perforated cylinders, i i, and with fan-blowers, k, to which motion is imparted by a sun and planet gear, m m'.] 1916 J. E. Homans Automobile Handbk. iii. 42 As soon as the engine starts—there being no clutch necessary on a car with such apparatus—the two spurs keyed to the main shaft..rotate with it, driving the ‘planet’ gears in mesh with them. 1971 B. Scharf Engin. & its Lang. xii. 161 The planet gears are mounted on pins attached to a common frame, the planet carrier. 1990 W. A. Livesey GCSE Motor Vehicle Stud. ix. 79/1 The inner gear is called the sun gear.., the outer toothed part is the annulus gear.., and the small gears between the sun and the annulus are called planet gears. planet-gearing n. Mechanics rare epicyclic or planetary gearing (see planetary adj. 4). ΚΠ 1890 Cent. Dict. Planet-gearing. 1924 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press-Telegram 8 Aug. The differential [installed on a steam wagon in 1828] had a planet gearing, which was substantially the origin of the differential used on the rear axle of an automobile today. planet pinion n. Mechanics a planet wheel, esp. one significantly smaller than the sun wheel. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > cog or gear > with axis rotating around another > planet planet wheel1799 planet pinion1908 planet1912 planet gear1916 planetary1941 1908 Daily Chron. 14 Nov. 8/6 Greater attention is being paid to the elimination of internal friction from these devices, as in the provision of ball bearings for the planet pinions in the Sturmey Archer gears, and roller bearings for the planet cage in the Armstrong. 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) X. 273/2 The number of teeth on the planet pinion of a simple planetary gear does not enter into the equations for speed ratio because the pinion engages both sun and ring gears. 1988 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 17 Nov. c29/1 There was a problem understanding how the planet pinions of a differential enable the inner and outer wheels of a turning car to travel at two different speeds. planet shower n. regional (chiefly Irish English (northern)) a local shower of rain; cf. sense 1d. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [noun] > a or the fall of rain > shower > localized planet shower1802 1802 M. Culley Let. 6 July in M. Culley & G. Culley Farming Lett. (2006) 314 I think it has rained every day more or less for several days, and sometimes it has fallen a great deal, but not in heavy plannet showers. 1853 M. Reid Rifle Rangers (new ed.) lvii. 288 We were treated each day to some five or six hours of a ‘planet’ shower. 1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down 78 Planet showers, short heavy showers. planet sphere n. (a) a planet considered as a sphere; a sphere representing a planet; (b) historical a sphere of the heavens (sphere n. 2a) associated with a planet. ΚΠ 1830 W. G. Simms Tri-colour 27 Some planet sphere By some fatal destiny, Driven from its station high, Through the dim and troubled sky Wails and murmurs [etc.]. 1882 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 11 405 Although the doctrine of the planet-spheres first appears in a distinct form among the early Greek astronomers, there are strong grounds for inferring its connection with the seven stages of the Babylonian planet-temples. 1995 Times Union (Albany, N.Y.) (Nexis) 10 Dec. h2 An amorphous planet sphere hovers on a black background. planet stirrer n. rare = planetary stirrer n. at planetary adj. and n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for altering consistency > [noun] > mixing apparatus pug mill1824 concrete mixer1834 concrete paver1834 paste-maker1875 mixer1876 planet stirrer1902 agitant1918 agitator1937 truck mixer1954 1902 C. Salter tr. G. von Georgievics Chem. Technol. Textile Fibres 249 Stirring is effected by so-called planet stirrers. planet wheel n. Mechanics an outer wheel which revolves around the central wheel in an epicyclic or planetary gear. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > cog or gear > with axis rotating around another > planet planet wheel1799 planet pinion1908 planet1912 planet gear1916 planetary1941 1796 W. Farish Plan Course Lect. Arts & Manuf. Chem. 28 Circular motion produced..by sun and planet wheel.] 1799 R. R. Livingston in Trans. Soc. Promotion Agric. iv. 90 It is still more defective when applied to obtain a circular motion; this it effects either by a winch, or planet wheels. 1827 J. Farey Treat. Steam Engine i. vi. 449 The link causes the centre of the planet-wheel to travel in a circular orbit..when it revolves round the sun-wheel. 1912 R. W. A. Brewer Motor Car Constr. xii. 153 The large bevel wheel is bolted to a casing, which holds firmly a star piece having four arms on each of which runs a planet wheel... These four planet wheels engage with two sun wheels. 1976 D. J. Leeming & R. Hartley Heavy Vehicle Technol. vi. 117/2 If the planet carrier is braked and the sun wheel driven, the annulus is driven in a reverse direction—the planet wheels being idler wheels only—and reverse ratio is obtained. planetwide adj. extending over or affecting a whole planet (esp. the earth). ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > spreading or diffusion > [adjective] > spread or diffused > widely wideOE rampanta1540 widespread1582 cheverel1583 worldwide1602 broada1616 ubiquitary1652 wide-spreading1655 broadcast1785 country-wide1845 statewide1848 nationwide1891 planetwide1920 1920 L. Stoddard Rising Tide of Color iii. xi. 268 A mighty problem—a planet-wide problem—confronts us today. 1943 Econ. Geogr. 19 320 World War II, with its planet-wide battlefields..has turned the attention of the public to world geography. 1969 Listener 14 Aug. 215/2 It is now evident that on Mars, the craters are planet-wide. 1992 N. Stephenson Snow Crash xlviii. 328 A fundamental rebuilding of the whole Metaverse, carried out on a planetwide, corporate level. Derivatives ˈplanet-like adj. ΚΠ a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. L3 If..you be borne so neere the dull making Cataphract of Nilus, that you cannot heare the Plannet-like Musick of Poetrie. 1678 H. Vaughan Thalia Rediviva 9 Thy great Name doth run Through ev'ry Sign an everlasting Sun. Not Planet-like, but fix'd. 1715 G. Cheyne Philos. Princ. Relig. (ed. 2) i. ii. 74 The Sun and fixt Stars are only Planet-like Bodies, vehemently heated. 1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 312 Oh! let not a planet-like eye Imbeam its tale on thine. 1994 Sci. Amer. June 28/1 (caption) A more planetlike behavior would have the orbits lie in one plane. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). planetv. Brit. /ˈplanɪt/, U.S. /ˈplænət/ Forms: 1500s plannet, 1900s– planet. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: planet n. Etymology: < planet n. rare (now archaic). transitive (with it) and intransitive. To divine by the planets; to calculate a horoscope. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > astrology > [verb] > calculate castc1374 calk1401 set1570 planet1596 calculatea1616 astrologizea1734 1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. N2 A singular Scholler..set vpon it and answered it in Print..demonstrating what a lying Ribaden, and Chincklen Kraga it was, to constellate and plannet it so portentously. 1993 P. Ackroyd House of Dr. Dee i. 31 They say that you constellate and planet, cast nativities and generally prognosticate. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1300v.1596
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planetn.

Compounds

Derivatives

planetv.