plebisciten.

Brit.

/ˈplɛbᵻsɪt/,

/ˈplɛbᵻsʌɪt/, U.S.

/ˈplɛbəˌsaɪt/

Forms: 1500s plebescit (Scottish), 1600s– plebiscite, 1800s– plebiscit, 1800s– plébiscite.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin plēbiscītum.

Etymology: < classical Latin plēbiscītum plebiscitum n. Compare Middle French plebiscite , French plébiscite (c1355 in sense 1), Spanish plebiscito (1385 as plebisçito ), Italian plebiscito (a1334), Middle Low German plebiscīt ordinance. In sense 2 partly after French plébiscite a popular decree, a law enacted by the people, a direct vote of all the members of the electorate (apparently earliest used in 1776 in Voltaire with reference to modern political institutions, comparing Swiss and Roman practices of legislation; see Französisches etymol. Wörterbuch at plēbs for a detailed account of both word and concept in French in the course of the 19th cent.); compare also Italian plebiscito (1852 in this sense, after French).In form plébiscite after the French word.

a. Roman Law. A law enacted by the plebeians' assembly; = plebiscitum n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > [noun] > a legislative enactment > of the Roman plebs

plebiscite1533

plebiscitum1583

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. iii. xxiii. 41 We sufferit..þe plebescitis to be vsit in maner of lawis abone þe faderis.

1602 W. Fulbecke Pandectes 31 By plebiscite or popular determination to be quitted and freed.

1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Plebiscite (lat.), a decree, statute, or law, made by the common people.

1776 M. Kearney Lect. Hist. read in Trinity College, Dublin 39 Their paramount legislative power was recognized by the Horation law, declaring that Plebiscites..should bind every member of the community.

1875 E. Poste tr. Gaius Institutionum Iuris Civilis (ed. 2) i. §3 A statute is a command and ordinance of the people: a plebiscite is a command and ordinance of the commonalty.

1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes i. 2 A lex is a law enacted and established by the whole body of the people; a plebiscit, one enacted and established by its plebeian members.

1919 Classical Philol. 14 317 Perhaps a plebiscite, then of dubious legal standing, was legalized by a lex carried through the centuriate assembly by this popular leader.

1997 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 87 117 Since the famous Claudian plebiscite of 218 B.C. members of the senatorial order were not allowed to participate in wholesale trade, with the exception of agricultural produce.

†b. In extended use: a popular decree or maxim. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > [noun] > old, popular

old said saw1529

plebiscite1637

folksay1929

oldie1959

1637 J. Pocklington Altare Christianum 148 Principles so full of spawne..as this feracious and pregnant Plebiscite, that what is by law, custom, prescription..appointed and settled, shall not be allowed, or practised.

2. Politics. A direct vote of all the members of an electorate to decide a question of public importance, e.g. a proposed change in the constitution, union with another state, acceptance of a government programme, etc. (cf. referendum n.). Also more generally: a public expression (with or without binding force) of the wishes or opinion of a community.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > referendum or plebiscite

referendum1816

plebiscitum1855

plebiscite1860

preferendum1970

1800 W. C. Smith Let. to Henry Grattan 73 To carry up to the Peers [sc. the House of Lords], for their concurrences, those plebiscites, which may pass by a majority of millions in our new Commons,—our very deliberate, and enlightened multitudinous estate.]

1860 Times 7 Mar. 9/6 The decree summoning Tuscany to give on the 11th and 12th inst. a plebiscite, by universal suffrage, and by ballot, for the annexation, or for a separate kingdom.

1863 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea I. xiv. 211 He [sc. Louis Napoleon] knew how to strangle a nation in the night-time with a thing he called a ‘Plebiscite’.

1884 H. Spencer Man v. State 14 If people by a plébiscite elect a man despot over them, do they remain free because the despotism was of their own making?

1919 Times 2 Jan. 5/3 For the settlement of regions in dispute German Austria suggests a plebiscite controlled by neutrals.

1935 Times 4 Jan. 16 (caption) The plebiscite involved complex movements of Saarlanders, as the people voted in the districts of the Saar in which they lived on June 28th, 1919.

1992 Economist 18 Apr. 80/2 Confidently, the president promises a plebiscite within six months to ratify his coup.

Derivatives

plebiˈscitic adj. rare of, relating to, or established by a plebiscite.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [adjective] > referendum or plebiscite

plebiscitarian1870

plebiscitary1870

plebiscitic1892

referendary1894

referendal1900

1892 Contemp. Rev. Aug. 153 It [sc. monarchy] had recently been humbled on the field by a plebiscitic adventurer.

1997 Independent (Nexis) 2 Jan. 14 A plebiscitic democracy, perhaps ushered in by the silicon chip, would, in one sense, be merely the last step towards democracy, but, in another, the first towards popular rule.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	plebiscite
释义	plebisciten. Brit. /ˈplɛbᵻsɪt/, /ˈplɛbᵻsʌɪt/, U.S. /ˈplɛbəˌsaɪt/ Forms: 1500s plebescit (Scottish), 1600s– plebiscite, 1800s– plebiscit, 1800s– plébiscite. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin plēbiscītum. Etymology: < classical Latin plēbiscītum plebiscitum n. Compare Middle French plebiscite , French plébiscite (c1355 in sense 1), Spanish plebiscito (1385 as plebisçito ), Italian plebiscito (a1334), Middle Low German plebiscīt ordinance. In sense 2 partly after French plébiscite a popular decree, a law enacted by the people, a direct vote of all the members of the electorate (apparently earliest used in 1776 in Voltaire with reference to modern political institutions, comparing Swiss and Roman practices of legislation; see Französisches etymol. Wörterbuch at plēbs for a detailed account of both word and concept in French in the course of the 19th cent.); compare also Italian plebiscito (1852 in this sense, after French).In form plébiscite after the French word. 1. a. Roman Law. A law enacted by the plebeians' assembly; = plebiscitum n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > law > [noun] > a legislative enactment > of the Roman plebs plebiscite1533 plebiscitum1583 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. iii. xxiii. 41 We sufferit..þe plebescitis to be vsit in maner of lawis abone þe faderis. 1602 W. Fulbecke Pandectes 31 By plebiscite or popular determination to be quitted and freed. 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Plebiscite (lat.), a decree, statute, or law, made by the common people. 1776 M. Kearney Lect. Hist. read in Trinity College, Dublin 39 Their paramount legislative power was recognized by the Horation law, declaring that Plebiscites..should bind every member of the community. 1875 E. Poste tr. Gaius Institutionum Iuris Civilis (ed. 2) i. §3 A statute is a command and ordinance of the people: a plebiscite is a command and ordinance of the commonalty. 1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes i. 2 A lex is a law enacted and established by the whole body of the people; a plebiscit, one enacted and established by its plebeian members. 1919 Classical Philol. 14 317 Perhaps a plebiscite, then of dubious legal standing, was legalized by a lex carried through the centuriate assembly by this popular leader. 1997 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 87 117 Since the famous Claudian plebiscite of 218 B.C. members of the senatorial order were not allowed to participate in wholesale trade, with the exception of agricultural produce. †b. In extended use: a popular decree or maxim. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > [noun] > old, popular old said saw1529 plebiscite1637 folksay1929 oldie1959 1637 J. Pocklington Altare Christianum 148 Principles so full of spawne..as this feracious and pregnant Plebiscite, that what is by law, custom, prescription..appointed and settled, shall not be allowed, or practised. 2. Politics. A direct vote of all the members of an electorate to decide a question of public importance, e.g. a proposed change in the constitution, union with another state, acceptance of a government programme, etc. (cf. referendum n.). Also more generally: a public expression (with or without binding force) of the wishes or opinion of a community. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > referendum or plebiscite referendum1816 plebiscitum1855 plebiscite1860 preferendum1970 1800 W. C. Smith Let. to Henry Grattan 73 To carry up to the Peers [sc. the House of Lords], for their concurrences, those plebiscites, which may pass by a majority of millions in our new Commons,—our very deliberate, and enlightened multitudinous estate.] 1860 Times 7 Mar. 9/6 The decree summoning Tuscany to give on the 11th and 12th inst. a plebiscite, by universal suffrage, and by ballot, for the annexation, or for a separate kingdom. 1863 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea I. xiv. 211 He [sc. Louis Napoleon] knew how to strangle a nation in the night-time with a thing he called a ‘Plebiscite’. 1884 H. Spencer Man v. State 14 If people by a plébiscite elect a man despot over them, do they remain free because the despotism was of their own making? 1919 Times 2 Jan. 5/3 For the settlement of regions in dispute German Austria suggests a plebiscite controlled by neutrals. 1935 Times 4 Jan. 16 (caption) The plebiscite involved complex movements of Saarlanders, as the people voted in the districts of the Saar in which they lived on June 28th, 1919. 1992 Economist 18 Apr. 80/2 Confidently, the president promises a plebiscite within six months to ratify his coup. Derivatives plebiˈscitic adj. rare of, relating to, or established by a plebiscite. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [adjective] > referendum or plebiscite plebiscitarian1870 plebiscitary1870 plebiscitic1892 referendary1894 referendal1900 1892 Contemp. Rev. Aug. 153 It [sc. monarchy] had recently been humbled on the field by a plebiscitic adventurer. 1997 Independent (Nexis) 2 Jan. 14 A plebiscitic democracy, perhaps ushered in by the silicon chip, would, in one sense, be merely the last step towards democracy, but, in another, the first towards popular rule. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1533
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