Polackn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈpəʊlak/, U.S.

/ˈpoʊˌlɑk/

Forms: 1500s Polacque, 1500s–1600s Polacke, 1500s–1600s Polake, 1500s–1600s Polaque, 1600s Polac, 1600s Polacche, 1600s Polaccke, 1600s Polach, 1600s Poleak, 1600s 1800s Polak, 1600s 1800s– Pollack, 1600s– Polack, 1800s Pullack, 1900s– Polark, 1900s– Pollak. Also with lower-case initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Polish. Probably also partly a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: Polish Polak; Italian polacco.

Etymology: Ultimately < Polish Polak, self-designation, originally probably via Italian polacco (1553 or earlier as adjective, 1554 or earlier as noun); compare Middle Low German pōlacke , pollacke , German Polack (1716 or earlier; earlier as †poleck (15th cent.); now usually Polacke ; now derogatory and offensive), Middle French, French Polaque (1512 as noun in sense A. 1, 1540 as adjective in form †polasque , with reference to the language; now derogatory and offensive, except in spec. historical use; the usual French word is now polonais ), Spanish polaco (first half of the 15th cent. or earlier as noun, early 17th cent. or earlier as adjective), Portuguese polaco (1562 as adjective, 18th cent. or earlier as noun; probably via French; the usual Portuguese word is now polonês ). Compare earlier Polan n. and slightly later Pole n.³ 1.In sense A. 2 after Yiddish Polyak.

Now derogatory and offensive.

A. n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Poland, a Pole.In quot. 1609: the king of Poland.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Poland > [noun]

Polan1502

Polonian1533

Polack1561

Pole1574

Polander1587

Polacker1605

Polonese1668

1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer ii. sig. T.ii This merchaunt man of Luca..arriued at the riuer of Boristhenes,..and saw the Moscouites, which for suspicion of warr were in doubt of the Polakes [It. Poloni], were on the other side.

1574 Sir P. Sidney Let. 27 Nov. in Wks. (1968) III. 99 The Polakes hartily repente their so fur fetcht election.

1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 63 His nephews leuies..a preparation gainst the Polacke.

1609 T. Middleton Sir Robert Sherley 3 Hee was receiued with great magnificence..both of the Polack himselfe and of his people.

1676 tr. A. Thevet Prosopographia (new ed.) 80 (margin) in T. North tr. Plutarch Lives (new ed.) The Moscovites discomfited by the Polacks in the battle of Orsa.

1753 J. Ashley Case & Appeal James Ashley vi. 26 Simmons the polack had been robbed.

1832 A. Pike Prose Sketches & Poems (1834) 87 There was not a heart, through which rushed the red blood Of a Polack.

1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Polack, same as Pole.

1922 M. F. Liddell in Contemp. Rev. Dec. 770 Danzig fears and hates the ‘Polacks’ and still more the French.

1933 S. K. Padover Let Day Perish 140 You cowardly little sneak! It's craven pups like you that make the Polacks trample on us! If we Jews would learn to..kill..like they do, the—Polacks would grovel at our feet—!

1986 P. L. Fermor Between Woods & Water (1988) vii. 171 A kingdom of sledded Polacks retreated into the shadows.

2. In Jewish usage: a Jewish person from Poland. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Semite > [noun] > Jew > of specific area

the Dispersion1382

Oriental Jew1659

diaspora1694

Polack1834

Ashkenazim1839

Hebraist1892

Litvak1892

Peruvian Jew1897

Tudesco1897

halutzim1921

Yemenite1926

Ostjuden1934

Sabra1945

Yekke1950

refusenik1973

1834 Manch. Old Hebrew Congregation Acct. Bk. in B. Williams Making of Manchester Jewry (1976) iii. 71 Given him the Polack for leaving Town 8/6.

1892 I. Zangwill Children of Ghetto I. 38 To a Dutch or Russian Jew, the ‘Pullack’, or Polish Jew, is a poor creature; and..the ‘Pullack’ looks down upon the ‘Litvok’, or Lithuanian.

1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. s.v. Polack, a name given to the Jews of the Polish provinces, by their Lithuanian co-religionists.

1962 B. Glanville Diamond i. 10 ‘Litvak or Polack?’ ‘Oh, Well, my mother and father both came from Poland.’ ‘Polacks,’ said the old man, as a Calvinist might say ‘Papists’. ‘Gonoven. Robbers.’

1971 M. A. Shulvass From East to West iv. 111 Following the great influx of Betteljuden from Poland to the West, the nickname Pollack assumed a more derogatory connotation than ever before.

1988 R. Salutin Man of Little Faith iii. 50 They could recruit a genuine Polack, Litvak, or even a Galitzianer to fill their weekly mitzvah.

3. North American. A Polish immigrant; a person of Polish descent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [noun] > by country of origin

American1648

African1700

High Dutch1773

Low Dutch1773

German-American1775

African American1782

Anglo-American1785

Irish-American1786

Africo-American1788

American African1826

Pennsylvania German1827

Pennsylvania Dutch1831

Afro-American1833

far-downer1834

Mexicano1847

knickerbocker1848

Chinese-American1854

Italian–American1873

Polish-American1876

Polacker1883

roundhead1895

hunk1896

Polack1898

Senegambian1900

bohunk1903

honky1904

hunyak1911

Turk1914

boho1920

Anglo1923

Euro-American1925

turkey1932

narrowback1933

nisei1934

roundheader1934

pachuco1943

pocho1944

Latino1946

Chicano1947

Mexican-American1948

Asian American1952

Amerasian1957

Chicana1966

Afrikan1972

Hispanic1972

1898 F. P. Dunne Mr. Dooley in Peace & War 234 ‘Well,’ said Mr. Dooley, ‘ye'er thoughts on this subject is inthrestin', but not conclusive, as Dorsey said to th' Pollack, that thought he cud lick him.’

1922 E. E. Cummings Enormous Room iv. 61 Get out of the way you damn Polak!

1934 W. Saroyan Daring Young Man (1935) 108 All that mattered was this moment, Wolinsky in love, alive, walking down Ventura Avenue, in America, Wolinsky of the universe, the crazy Polak with the broken nose.

1952 F. L. Allen Big Change iii. 53 They were scornfully known as Dagoes, Polacks, Hunkies, Kikes.

1976 National Observer (U.S.) 26 June 1/3 The Crusher's a clean-living Polack from Milwaukee who don't truck with no drugs or bad women.

1989 ‘C. Roman’ Foreplay iv. 33 That truckload of Wops, Micks, Polacks, Frogs, and other European riffraff that blew into the country.

B. adj.

Polish. Also: of Polish origin or descent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Poland > [adjective]

Polonish1565

Polish1574

Polonian1576

Polack1603

polony1610

Polonial1922

Polonic-

1603 A. Hartwell tr. L. Soranzo Ottoman i. §xxx. f. 23^v The Tartarians,..must needes of necessitie passe through the Polack countrey [It. paese Polacco].

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. ii. 330 You from the Pollack warres, and you from England Are heere arriued.

1648 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Gualdo Priorato Hist. Late Warres vii. 208 The Polach Embassadour extraordinary came likewise to Rome at this time, sent thither by his King.

1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. xii. 105/2 Any soldier, were he but a Polack Scythe-man, shall be welcome.

1879 G. W. Peck Peck's Fun (1882) 190 The husband of the Polack woman wanted Johnson to pay him three dollars, but he said he didn't want to buy the woman.

1928 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 7 Jan. 21/2 Now would you like for mamma to go on reading to you about this Polark soldier and his girl friend, or would you like to go fly a kite.

1966 ‘E. V. Cunningham’ Helen iv. 45 You're some cheap Polack hooker that was tossed out of a parochial school fer diddling little boys.

1992 N. Cohn Heart of World vi. 68 Your average transvestite. Altarboy prizefighter son of..a Polack cop.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	polack
释义	Polackn.adj. Brit. /ˈpəʊlak/, U.S. /ˈpoʊˌlɑk/ Forms: 1500s Polacque, 1500s–1600s Polacke, 1500s–1600s Polake, 1500s–1600s Polaque, 1600s Polac, 1600s Polacche, 1600s Polaccke, 1600s Polach, 1600s Poleak, 1600s 1800s Polak, 1600s 1800s– Pollack, 1600s– Polack, 1800s Pullack, 1900s– Polark, 1900s– Pollak. Also with lower-case initial. Origin: A borrowing from Polish. Probably also partly a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: Polish Polak; Italian polacco. Etymology: Ultimately < Polish Polak, self-designation, originally probably via Italian polacco (1553 or earlier as adjective, 1554 or earlier as noun); compare Middle Low German pōlacke , pollacke , German Polack (1716 or earlier; earlier as †poleck (15th cent.); now usually Polacke ; now derogatory and offensive), Middle French, French Polaque (1512 as noun in sense A. 1, 1540 as adjective in form †polasque , with reference to the language; now derogatory and offensive, except in spec. historical use; the usual French word is now polonais ), Spanish polaco (first half of the 15th cent. or earlier as noun, early 17th cent. or earlier as adjective), Portuguese polaco (1562 as adjective, 18th cent. or earlier as noun; probably via French; the usual Portuguese word is now polonês ). Compare earlier Polan n. and slightly later Pole n.³ 1.In sense A. 2 after Yiddish Polyak. Now derogatory and offensive. A. n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Poland, a Pole.In quot. 1609: the king of Poland. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Poland > [noun] Polan1502 Polonian1533 Polack1561 Pole1574 Polander1587 Polacker1605 Polonese1668 1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer ii. sig. T.ii This merchaunt man of Luca..arriued at the riuer of Boristhenes,..and saw the Moscouites, which for suspicion of warr were in doubt of the Polakes [It. Poloni], were on the other side. 1574 Sir P. Sidney Let. 27 Nov. in Wks. (1968) III. 99 The Polakes hartily repente their so fur fetcht election. 1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 63 His nephews leuies..a preparation gainst the Polacke. 1609 T. Middleton Sir Robert Sherley 3 Hee was receiued with great magnificence..both of the Polack himselfe and of his people. 1676 tr. A. Thevet Prosopographia (new ed.) 80 (margin) in T. North tr. Plutarch Lives (new ed.) The Moscovites discomfited by the Polacks in the battle of Orsa. 1753 J. Ashley Case & Appeal James Ashley vi. 26 Simmons the polack had been robbed. 1832 A. Pike Prose Sketches & Poems (1834) 87 There was not a heart, through which rushed the red blood Of a Polack. 1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Polack, same as Pole. 1922 M. F. Liddell in Contemp. Rev. Dec. 770 Danzig fears and hates the ‘Polacks’ and still more the French. 1933 S. K. Padover Let Day Perish 140 You cowardly little sneak! It's craven pups like you that make the Polacks trample on us! If we Jews would learn to..kill..like they do, the—Polacks would grovel at our feet—! 1986 P. L. Fermor Between Woods & Water (1988) vii. 171 A kingdom of sledded Polacks retreated into the shadows. 2. In Jewish usage: a Jewish person from Poland. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Semite > [noun] > Jew > of specific area the Dispersion1382 Oriental Jew1659 diaspora1694 Polack1834 Ashkenazim1839 Hebraist1892 Litvak1892 Peruvian Jew1897 Tudesco1897 halutzim1921 Yemenite1926 Ostjuden1934 Sabra1945 Yekke1950 refusenik1973 1834 Manch. Old Hebrew Congregation Acct. Bk. in B. Williams Making of Manchester Jewry (1976) iii. 71 Given him the Polack for leaving Town 8/6. 1892 I. Zangwill Children of Ghetto I. 38 To a Dutch or Russian Jew, the ‘Pullack’, or Polish Jew, is a poor creature; and..the ‘Pullack’ looks down upon the ‘Litvok’, or Lithuanian. 1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. s.v. Polack, a name given to the Jews of the Polish provinces, by their Lithuanian co-religionists. 1962 B. Glanville Diamond i. 10 ‘Litvak or Polack?’ ‘Oh, Well, my mother and father both came from Poland.’ ‘Polacks,’ said the old man, as a Calvinist might say ‘Papists’. ‘Gonoven. Robbers.’ 1971 M. A. Shulvass From East to West iv. 111 Following the great influx of Betteljuden from Poland to the West, the nickname Pollack assumed a more derogatory connotation than ever before. 1988 R. Salutin Man of Little Faith iii. 50 They could recruit a genuine Polack, Litvak, or even a Galitzianer to fill their weekly mitzvah. 3. North American. A Polish immigrant; a person of Polish descent. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [noun] > by country of origin American1648 African1700 High Dutch1773 Low Dutch1773 German-American1775 African American1782 Anglo-American1785 Irish-American1786 Africo-American1788 American African1826 Pennsylvania German1827 Pennsylvania Dutch1831 Afro-American1833 far-downer1834 Mexicano1847 knickerbocker1848 Chinese-American1854 Italian–American1873 Polish-American1876 Polacker1883 roundhead1895 hunk1896 Polack1898 Senegambian1900 bohunk1903 honky1904 hunyak1911 Turk1914 boho1920 Anglo1923 Euro-American1925 turkey1932 narrowback1933 nisei1934 roundheader1934 pachuco1943 pocho1944 Latino1946 Chicano1947 Mexican-American1948 Asian American1952 Amerasian1957 Chicana1966 Afrikan1972 Hispanic1972 1898 F. P. Dunne Mr. Dooley in Peace & War 234 ‘Well,’ said Mr. Dooley, ‘ye'er thoughts on this subject is inthrestin', but not conclusive, as Dorsey said to th' Pollack, that thought he cud lick him.’ 1922 E. E. Cummings Enormous Room iv. 61 Get out of the way you damn Polak! 1934 W. Saroyan Daring Young Man (1935) 108 All that mattered was this moment, Wolinsky in love, alive, walking down Ventura Avenue, in America, Wolinsky of the universe, the crazy Polak with the broken nose. 1952 F. L. Allen Big Change iii. 53 They were scornfully known as Dagoes, Polacks, Hunkies, Kikes. 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 26 June 1/3 The Crusher's a clean-living Polack from Milwaukee who don't truck with no drugs or bad women. 1989 ‘C. Roman’ Foreplay iv. 33 That truckload of Wops, Micks, Polacks, Frogs, and other European riffraff that blew into the country. B. adj. Polish. Also: of Polish origin or descent. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Poland > [adjective] Polonish1565 Polish1574 Polonian1576 Polack1603 polony1610 Polonial1922 Polonic- 1603 A. Hartwell tr. L. Soranzo Ottoman i. §xxx. f. 23^v The Tartarians,..must needes of necessitie passe through the Polack countrey [It. paese Polacco]. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. ii. 330 You from the Pollack warres, and you from England Are heere arriued. View more context for this quotation 1648 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Gualdo Priorato Hist. Late Warres vii. 208 The Polach Embassadour extraordinary came likewise to Rome at this time, sent thither by his King. 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. xii. 105/2 Any soldier, were he but a Polack Scythe-man, shall be welcome. 1879 G. W. Peck Peck's Fun (1882) 190 The husband of the Polack woman wanted Johnson to pay him three dollars, but he said he didn't want to buy the woman. 1928 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 7 Jan. 21/2 Now would you like for mamma to go on reading to you about this Polark soldier and his girl friend, or would you like to go fly a kite. 1966 ‘E. V. Cunningham’ Helen iv. 45 You're some cheap Polack hooker that was tossed out of a parochial school fer diddling little boys. 1992 N. Cohn Heart of World vi. 68 Your average transvestite. Altarboy prizefighter son of..a Polack cop. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1561
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