plumb linen.

Brit.

/ˈplʌmlʌɪn/, U.S.

/ˈpləmˌlaɪn/

Forms: see plumb n.¹ and line n.²; also 1900s plym line (perhaps transmission error).

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: plumb n.¹, line n.²

Etymology: < plumb n.¹ + line n.²With sense 1a compare earlier plumb rule n.

a. A line or cord with a weight at one end, for determining the vertical. Also occasionally: = plumb rule n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for marking out work > [noun] > plumb-line or chalk-line

poundereOE

righteOE

line1340

plummeta1398

plumba1400

perpendicle?c1400

plumb rulec1400

levelc1440

pendant1440

plumb linea1456

levelling-rule1598

perpendicular1604

plummet levelc1850

point-brass1850

a1456 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 802 (MED) By crafft of Ewclyde mason doþe his cure, To suwe heos mooldes ruyle and his plumblyne.

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Perpendiculum, a plumlyne, such as masons and carpenters haue, with leadde at the ende.

1544 in P. Northeast Boxford Churchwarden's Accts. 1530–61 (1982) 43 Payd..for a plome lyne and lyne for the lamp and bellrop iij s.

1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) ii. vii. 172/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Then must we put it on, then must the long seames of our hose be set by a plumb-line.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Aniveller, to..square by plumbe-line, or plumbe-rule.

1613 M. Ridley Short Treat. Magneticall Bodies 43 A plim line fastened to one end of the diamiter.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. viii. 355/1 If the Plumb-line hang just upon the Perpendicular line, being set flat upon the Work, then the Work is level, else not.

1736 B. Langley Anc. Masonry ii. 377 With a Plumb-line, drop Perpendiculars on the Boarding..at as many places as necessary, and therein strike Nails.

1774 M. Mackenzie Treat. Maritim Surv. i. 48 In order to place a distant Light exactly in the Direction of the Plum-line and Stars, proceed in the following Manner.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 277 The attraction of a lofty mountain is found to draw a plumb-line..a little out of the perpendicular.

1873 J. Richards On Arrangem. Wood-working Factories 25 A strong line may be stretched about 5 feet from the floor..to gauge the plumb-lines from.

1937 D. L. Sayers in M. Halverson Relig. Drama I (1957) i. 330 Never so drunken that I could not set Level to stone or hold the plumb-line true.

1991 Do It Yourself Feb. 8/4 The next job is to drop plumb lines at each end of the head plate so you can mark the positions of each side member on the wall.

b. figurative. A means of testing or judging; a standard.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > conformity to or with a pattern, etc. > [noun] > a standard or norm > of judgement

plumb line1570

canon1601

1570 T. Norton tr. A. Nowell Catechisme f. 51^v To be directed and tried by the most precise rule, and as it were, by the plumme line of Gods lawe and iudgement.

1660 S. Fisher Rusticus ad Academicos ii. ii. 21 Come not hence with your Plumb-line, thundring words of Iudgement laid to the line, and Righteousnesse to the Plummet.

1732 E. Erskine Stone rejected by Builders 47 Let us examine our own and others doctrine and conversation by the plumb line and infallible rule of the Word.

1865 S. Warner Melbourne House I. xii. 163 Between her mother's anger and her father's love, Daisy could not see what was just the plumb line of duty.

1990 Christianity Today 5 Feb. 8/2 North American Christians should..evaluate fellowship by the plumb line of Scripture.

2. A vertical line; (occasionally more generally) a straight line at right angles to another.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > [noun] > criterion

rulec1384

meteyard?1531

touchstone?1531

plumb line1551

plummet1553

metewanda1568

touch1581

stone of touch1604

criterion1622

scale1626

criteriuma1631

measure1641

judge1642

criterie1660

foot-rule1662

mark1765

point of reference1772

metera1825

reference point1849

yardstick1869

benchmark1884

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > [noun] > perpendicular

plumb line1551

normal1728

binormal1848

1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. i. Defin. When one line lyeth flatte (whiche is named the ground line) and an other commeth downe on it, and is called a perpendiculer or plumme lyne.

1614 W. Bedwell De Numeris Geometricis iv. 54 A plum-line falling from a right-angle vpon the base, is the meane proportional betweene the portions so made.

1671 J. Brown Horologiographia viii. 150 Then, I say, a Plumb-line let fall from G, will rest in I, the Vertical-point.

1710 W. Pickering Marrow Math. ii. xii. 107 The perpendicular of a Triangle is a Plumb-line let fall from any Angle upon its opposite side.

1735 Sportsman's Dict. I. at Legs When, from the knee to the fore-part of the coronet, the knees, shank, and coronet, descend in a strait or plumb-line.

1877 Times 19 Dec. 4/6 Down he [sc. a bird] drops in a plumb-line.

1907 T. MacKaye Sappho & Phaon Prol. 15 Above us—precisely twenty-two and a half metres up there in a plumb line through the tufa bed.

1998 European Spine Jrnl. 7 408 On a standing lateral full-length radiograph of the spine, the plumb line, or sagittal vertical axis (SVA), can be used to determine the spinal sagittal balance.

3. A line used to determine depth; a sounding line. Frequently figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > navigational aids > [noun] > sounding-line or -rod

sounding-line1336

plumbc1425

lead-line1485

handline1535

bolye1552

fathom line1598

plumb line1648

sounda1653

hand lead1669

plumbing line1671

plumbing rope1693

sounder1811

sea-line1828

1648 C. Walker Relations & Observ. ii. 116 This is an unsoundable Gulfe, here any plumb-line faileth me.

a1693 W. Sancroft Occas. Serm. (1694) 75 Though we have no Plumb-line of Reason, that can reach it, our Faith assures us, there's Justice at the Bottom.

a1732 T. Boston Illustr. Doctr. Christian Relig. (1796) I. 125 The plumb-line of our reason is too short to fathom the great depths of God's justice.

1864 Spectator 7 May 527/2 This truth..that degrees of guilt are so utterly beyond the fathoming powers of our plumb-lines without a knowledge of the moral opportunities and antecedents of every life.

1892 J. Tait Mind in Matter (ed. 3) Pref. p. vi The plumbline of human degradation surely never touched a lower depth.

1964 R. Ellmann Identity of Yeats (ed. 2) Pref. p. xvii Man lowers his plumb-line into the darkness and establishes measurement, form, number, intellect.

1994 C. McWilliam Debatable Land (1995) iii. 69 Not much advance has been made, when you look at the charts, since the time when plumb lines were all the sonar there was.

Derivatives

ˈplumb-lined adj. determined or aligned as with a plumb line.

ΚΠ

1852 C. G. F. Gore Sketches Eng. Char. (ed. 2) Introd. 3 The moment a presumptuous individual acts or thinks an inch out of the plumb-lined perpendicularity exacted by the formalities of society.

1870 Times 24 Oct. Back plumb lined, chin at an elevated angle, as if to throw a shot from the eye to a long range.

1955 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-Amer. 6 Mar. 18/4 (advt.) Unexpected fullness—restrained gently by a button-on belt. This elegant hopsack coat, so deceptively plumb lined in silhouette.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	plumb line
释义	plumb linen. Brit. /ˈplʌmlʌɪn/, U.S. /ˈpləmˌlaɪn/ Forms: see plumb n.¹ and line n.²; also 1900s plym line (perhaps transmission error). Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: plumb n.¹, line n.² Etymology: < plumb n.¹ + line n.²With sense 1a compare earlier plumb rule n. 1. a. A line or cord with a weight at one end, for determining the vertical. Also occasionally: = plumb rule n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for marking out work > [noun] > plumb-line or chalk-line poundereOE righteOE line1340 plummeta1398 plumba1400 perpendicle?c1400 plumb rulec1400 levelc1440 pendant1440 plumb linea1456 levelling-rule1598 perpendicular1604 plummet levelc1850 point-brass1850 a1456 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 802 (MED) By crafft of Ewclyde mason doþe his cure, To suwe heos mooldes ruyle and his plumblyne. 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Perpendiculum, a plumlyne, such as masons and carpenters haue, with leadde at the ende. 1544 in P. Northeast Boxford Churchwarden's Accts. 1530–61 (1982) 43 Payd..for a plome lyne and lyne for the lamp and bellrop iij s. 1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) ii. vii. 172/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Then must we put it on, then must the long seames of our hose be set by a plumb-line. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Aniveller, to..square by plumbe-line, or plumbe-rule. 1613 M. Ridley Short Treat. Magneticall Bodies 43 A plim line fastened to one end of the diamiter. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. viii. 355/1 If the Plumb-line hang just upon the Perpendicular line, being set flat upon the Work, then the Work is level, else not. 1736 B. Langley Anc. Masonry ii. 377 With a Plumb-line, drop Perpendiculars on the Boarding..at as many places as necessary, and therein strike Nails. 1774 M. Mackenzie Treat. Maritim Surv. i. 48 In order to place a distant Light exactly in the Direction of the Plum-line and Stars, proceed in the following Manner. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 277 The attraction of a lofty mountain is found to draw a plumb-line..a little out of the perpendicular. 1873 J. Richards On Arrangem. Wood-working Factories 25 A strong line may be stretched about 5 feet from the floor..to gauge the plumb-lines from. 1937 D. L. Sayers in M. Halverson Relig. Drama I (1957) i. 330 Never so drunken that I could not set Level to stone or hold the plumb-line true. 1991 Do It Yourself Feb. 8/4 The next job is to drop plumb lines at each end of the head plate so you can mark the positions of each side member on the wall. b. figurative. A means of testing or judging; a standard. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > conformity to or with a pattern, etc. > [noun] > a standard or norm > of judgement plumb line1570 canon1601 1570 T. Norton tr. A. Nowell Catechisme f. 51^v To be directed and tried by the most precise rule, and as it were, by the plumme line of Gods lawe and iudgement. 1660 S. Fisher Rusticus ad Academicos ii. ii. 21 Come not hence with your Plumb-line, thundring words of Iudgement laid to the line, and Righteousnesse to the Plummet. 1732 E. Erskine Stone rejected by Builders 47 Let us examine our own and others doctrine and conversation by the plumb line and infallible rule of the Word. 1865 S. Warner Melbourne House I. xii. 163 Between her mother's anger and her father's love, Daisy could not see what was just the plumb line of duty. 1990 Christianity Today 5 Feb. 8/2 North American Christians should..evaluate fellowship by the plumb line of Scripture. 2. A vertical line; (occasionally more generally) a straight line at right angles to another. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > [noun] > criterion rulec1384 meteyard?1531 touchstone?1531 plumb line1551 plummet1553 metewanda1568 touch1581 stone of touch1604 criterion1622 scale1626 criteriuma1631 measure1641 judge1642 criterie1660 foot-rule1662 mark1765 point of reference1772 metera1825 reference point1849 yardstick1869 benchmark1884 the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > [noun] > perpendicular plumb line1551 normal1728 binormal1848 1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. i. Defin. When one line lyeth flatte (whiche is named the ground line) and an other commeth downe on it, and is called a perpendiculer or plumme lyne. 1614 W. Bedwell De Numeris Geometricis iv. 54 A plum-line falling from a right-angle vpon the base, is the meane proportional betweene the portions so made. 1671 J. Brown Horologiographia viii. 150 Then, I say, a Plumb-line let fall from G, will rest in I, the Vertical-point. 1710 W. Pickering Marrow Math. ii. xii. 107 The perpendicular of a Triangle is a Plumb-line let fall from any Angle upon its opposite side. 1735 Sportsman's Dict. I. at Legs When, from the knee to the fore-part of the coronet, the knees, shank, and coronet, descend in a strait or plumb-line. 1877 Times 19 Dec. 4/6 Down he [sc. a bird] drops in a plumb-line. 1907 T. MacKaye Sappho & Phaon Prol. 15 Above us—precisely twenty-two and a half metres up there in a plumb line through the tufa bed. 1998 European Spine Jrnl. 7 408 On a standing lateral full-length radiograph of the spine, the plumb line, or sagittal vertical axis (SVA), can be used to determine the spinal sagittal balance. 3. A line used to determine depth; a sounding line. Frequently figurative. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > navigational aids > [noun] > sounding-line or -rod sounding-line1336 plumbc1425 lead-line1485 handline1535 bolye1552 fathom line1598 plumb line1648 sounda1653 hand lead1669 plumbing line1671 plumbing rope1693 sounder1811 sea-line1828 1648 C. Walker Relations & Observ. ii. 116 This is an unsoundable Gulfe, here any plumb-line faileth me. a1693 W. Sancroft Occas. Serm. (1694) 75 Though we have no Plumb-line of Reason, that can reach it, our Faith assures us, there's Justice at the Bottom. a1732 T. Boston Illustr. Doctr. Christian Relig. (1796) I. 125 The plumb-line of our reason is too short to fathom the great depths of God's justice. 1864 Spectator 7 May 527/2 This truth..that degrees of guilt are so utterly beyond the fathoming powers of our plumb-lines without a knowledge of the moral opportunities and antecedents of every life. 1892 J. Tait Mind in Matter (ed. 3) Pref. p. vi The plumbline of human degradation surely never touched a lower depth. 1964 R. Ellmann Identity of Yeats (ed. 2) Pref. p. xvii Man lowers his plumb-line into the darkness and establishes measurement, form, number, intellect. 1994 C. McWilliam Debatable Land (1995) iii. 69 Not much advance has been made, when you look at the charts, since the time when plumb lines were all the sonar there was. Derivatives ˈplumb-lined adj. determined or aligned as with a plumb line. ΚΠ 1852 C. G. F. Gore Sketches Eng. Char. (ed. 2) Introd. 3 The moment a presumptuous individual acts or thinks an inch out of the plumb-lined perpendicularity exacted by the formalities of society. 1870 Times 24 Oct. Back plumb lined, chin at an elevated angle, as if to throw a shot from the eye to a long range. 1955 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-Amer. 6 Mar. 18/4 (advt.) Unexpected fullness—restrained gently by a button-on belt. This elegant hopsack coat, so deceptively plumb lined in silhouette. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1456
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