polarizev.

Brit.

/ˈpəʊlərʌɪz/, U.S.

/ˈpoʊləˌraɪz/

Forms: 1800s– polarise, 1800s– polarize.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French polariser ; polar adj., -ize suffix.

Etymology: In sense 1a < French polariser (E. L. Malus 1811, in Mémoires présentés à l'Institut des Sciences, Lettres et Arts: Sciences math. et phys. 2 447; < post-classical Latin polaris polar adj. + French -iser -ize suffix, but see note below). In other senses < polar adj. + -ize suffix; compare French polariser (1838 with reference to electricity, 1860 in sense ‘to attract, focus (things) in one spot’, 1889 used reflexively in sense ‘to concentrate in one spot’). In sense 2b after polarization n. 2a. Compare polarized adj.Malus apparently connected French polariser with pôle pole n.², assuming a sense of the noun which was quite different from its use in astronomy, geography, and magnetism, with the consequence that ‘polarization’ as applied to light and radiant heat had nothing in common with magnetic or electric polarization as then understood. Compare:1811 Nouveau bull. des sci. 2 292 En donnant à ces cotés le nom de pôles, il [sc. Malus] appelle polarisation la modification qui donne à la lumière des propriétés relatives à ces pôles...Cette nouvelle expression..signifie simplement la modification que la lumière a subie en acquérant de nouvelles propriétés qui ne sont pas relatives à la direction du rayon, mais seulement à ses cotés, considérés à angle droit et dans un plan perpendiculaire à sa direction.[In giving to these sides [of the vertical ray] the name of poles, he calls the modification which imparts to light properties relative to these poles, polarization... This new expression..signifies simply the modification that light has undergone in acquiring new properties, relative not to the direction of the ray, but solely to its sides, considered at a right angle, and in a plane perpendicular to its direction.]

I. Scientific uses.

1. Physics.

a. transitive. To cause the vibrations of (light or other electromagnetic radiation) to be restricted, wholly or partially, to a particular direction.Plane polarization was first observed by Malus in light reflected at an angle from a surface, the degree of polarization depending on the angle of incidence. It also occurs in double refraction, and can be produced by passing light through a dichroic or birefringent material.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > polarization > cause polarization [verb (transitive)]

polarize1811

1811 [implied in: Jrnl. Nat. Philos. Nov. 192 Mr. Malus is still pursuing with success his inquiries concerning polarised light. (at polarized adj. 1a)].

1812 Jrnl. Nat. Philos. 33 Suppl. 347 Transparent bodies totally transmit the light which they polarise in one direction or manner, and reflect that which is polarised in a contrary manner.

1819 Edinb. Rev. 32 177 All diaphanous bodies polarise light at certain angles.

1854 Orr's Circle Sci.: Chem. 104 Bérard and Professor Forbes..succeeded in polarizing heat (non-luminous) by the agency of reflection.

1873 J. C. Maxwell Treat. Electr. & Magnetism II. 7 A ray of light is said to be polarized when it has properties relating to its sides, which are identical on opposite sides of the ray.

1939 Wireless World 26 Jan. 83/1 The question of whether the waves of the Alexandra Palace television transmitter should be vertically or horizontally polarised.

2001 R. Gregory in R. Catlow & S. Greenfield Cosmic Rays 70 The light dims at a certain orientation of the Polaroid, showing that at a critical angle, reflection polarizes light.

b. intransitive. Of a refractive material: to cause polarization of incident light. Also: (of an optically active substance) to rotate the plane of polarization of plane-polarized light by a specified amount under standard conditions.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > polarization > exhibit polarization [verb (intransitive)]

polarize1854

1854 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci., Chem. 82 The latter polarizes towards the left.

1879 F. Rutley Study of Rocks x. 113 The whole crystal passes into zeolitic matter which polarises in variegated colours.

1900 Bull. Div. of Chem., U.S. Dept. Agric. No. 59. 52 The wine is fermented... [If] it polarizes −3° after fermentation. [Then] it contains only levorotatory sugar.

1945 A. L. Winton & K. B. Winton Anal. of Foods 616/1 Wash by decantation until the washings polarize zero in a 200-mm. tube.

c. transitive and intransitive. To measure the optical activity of (a solution, esp. of a sugar) in order to determine the concentration of solute.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > polarization > cause polarization [verb (transitive)] > measure in sugar

polarize1905

1905 G. W. Rolfe Polariscope 87 The sample which the chemist polarizes must be strictly representative of the total lot of sugar.

1945 A. L. Winton & K. B. Winton Anal. of Foods 615/1 Invert Polarization... Cool to about 20°, fill exactly to the mark, mix, and polarize at 20° in a 200-mm. tube.

1963 H. O. Triebold & L. W. Aurand Food Composition & Anal. iii. 60 A solution containing 26·000 grams of sucrose (normal weight) in 100 ml of solution at 20°C., and polarized in a 200-mm tube at 20°C., should give a reading of 100° on the saccharimeter.

1973 Encycl. Industr. Chem. Anal. XVIII. 348 Dilute the solution to 100 ml at 20°C. Mix well and polarize in a 200-mm tube.

2000 W. Altenburg in C. C. Chou Handbk. Sugar Refining v. xxxvii. 662 A comparison of over 1500 sugars polarized concurrently..was underatken.

a. transitive. To induce electric or magnetic polarity in; spec. to induce an electric dipole moment in (a substance or particle). Also intransitive: to acquire electric or magnetic polarity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric polarization > acquire polarity [verb (intransitive)]

polarize1838

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric polarization > cause polarity [verb (transitive)]

polarize1838

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > magnetic devices or materials > acquire polarity [verb (intransitive)]

polarize1838

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > magnetic devices or materials > [verb (transitive)] > give polarity to

polarize1838

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric polarization > cause polarity [verb (transitive)] > induce dipole moment

polarize1887

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > quantum mechanics > quantum electrodynamics > induce electric dipole moment [verb (transitive)]

polarize1945

1838 M. Faraday in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 128 266 If the globe were charged, these little conductors would all be polar; if the globe were discharged, they would all return to their normal state, to be polarized again upon the recharging of the globe.

1838 M. Faraday in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 128 272 It is not the particles of oxygen and lead which polarize separately under the act of induction, but the molecules of oxide of lead which exhibit this effect.

1856 C. V. Walker tr. A. de la Rive Treat. Electr. II. 671 When the zinc z is plunged into water..its molecules polarize each of the molecules of water that touch it.

1887 W. Larden Electr. x. 161 Lines along which the molecules of the dielectrics are ‘polarised’ by a separation of + and − charges in them.

1945 A. F. Wells Structural Inorg. Chem. ii. 52 An atom is polarized when placed in an electric field.

1977 Sci. Amer. Feb. 91/3 The separation is accomplished by passing the atomic beam through an inhomogeneous electric or magnetic field, which deflects those atoms that are more readily polarized or have a larger magnetic moment.

1987 Proc. 12th Conf. Numerical Simulation of Plasmas PW4/2 In the presence of the applied electric field..each dielectric rod polarizes.

1991 Professional Heating Sept. 21/3 As far as the electrical supply is concerned, all external wiring should be correctly earthed and polarised in accordance with IEE wiring regulations.

b. intransitive. Of a cell or battery: to exhibit polarization (polarization n. 2a) and consequently suffer a decrease in electromotive force.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > exhibit polarization [verb (intransitive)]

polarize1888

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > produce electromotive force [verb (transitive)]

polarize1888

1888 Science 6 July 7/1 The electro-motive force is feeble and variable, and the cell polarizes rapidly.

1903 Electr. World & Engineer 24 Jan. 150/2 There is yet not a battery of this class known that will not polarize in a short time, which means that it has temporarily exhausted itself and must rest for awhile before it is as efficient as it was.

1922 J. A. Crowther Pract. Physics xlii. 253 The Leclanché cell polarises when allowed to give a large current.

1969 J. J. DeFrance Electr. Fund. xi. 124 The prevention is not complete, and with age a cell does polarize.

3. transitive. Physics. To produce a partial or complete alignment of the spins of (particles). Also intransitive: to undergo such an alignment.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > electron spin > produce alignment of spins [verb (transitive)]

polarize1932

1932 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 135 431 The theoretical existence of these methods provides some evidence that electron beams can be polarised.

1953 Progress Nucl. Physics 3 72 In order to polarize elementary particles, there must be some sort of coupling of the particle spin with a fixed spatial direction.

1979 Sci. Amer. May 64/2 The next stage polarizes the protons and depolarizes the electrons.

1987 Amer. Jrnl. Physics 55 906 A classical hydrogen atom will polarize in a direction perpendicular to a uniform electric field in its orbital plane.

2005 Physical Rev. B. 71 24429-1 The impurity polarizes conduction electrons in its vicinity and forms a large magnetic droplet.

II. figurative.

a. transitive. To accentuate a division within (a group, system, etc.); to separate into two (or occasionally several) opposing groups, extremes of opinion, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > be contrary to [verb (transitive)] > polarize

polarize1826

1826 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1971) VI. 583 The Historic Idea is the same in Natural History (Physiogony) as in History..but polarized, or presented in opposite & correspondent forms.

1859 D. Masson Brit. Novelists 82 There arises..as the paramount influence in British thought and British action, that distinction of Whiggism and Toryism by which we still find ourselves polarized into two factions.

1949 A. Koestler Promise & Fulfilm. i. xi. 125 The controversy about Zionism would have become as ‘polarized’ between pro- and anti-Russians as, say, the controversy about Poland.

1957 R. N. C. Hunt Guide to Communist Jargon xxvii. 96 There could be no place for neutrality, and indeed such an attitude is explicitly excluded by the Marxist-Leninist dialectic which polarizes every issue and denies the possibility of intermediate solutions.

1972 Nature 3 Mar. 39/2 The problems are polarized into three areas... Only the first of these is really meteorological in character.

1995 Maxim July 39/2 Society is polarised between ‘the unemployed and the hopelessly over-employed’.

b. intransitive. To undergo or exhibit polarization; to separate into two opposing groups, extremes of opinion, etc.

ΚΠ

1957 R. N. C. Hunt Guide to Communist Jargon xxxvi. 122 As a result of the Industrial Revolution, society had polarized into two hostile classes, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.

1972 Guardian 24 Feb. 10/2 Pub styles polarize into ‘Spit and Sawdust’..and ‘Architects' Fanciful’.

1992 New Republic 5 Oct. 29/2 None of the groups proved stable: the fat group polarized into gay and straight factions, and the Jewish women discovered that they were deeply divided.

†a. transitive. To interpret (a word, etc.) in a particular, restrictive way. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > semantics > types of semantic change > [verb (transitive)]

polarize1859

1859 O. W. Holmes Professor at Breakfast-table i, in Atlantic Monthly Jan. 87/2 The word, and consequently the idea it represents, is polarized.

1886 W. C. Wilkinson in Homiletic Rev. (U.S.) Mar. 252 That word [sc. self-denial] also has been polarized somewhat—that is, twisted out of its right original meaning.

b. transitive. To give unity of direction to; to focus. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > attention > earnest attention, concentration > fix the attention, concentrate [verb (transitive)] > implant, fix > at central point

concentrate1632

concentricate1647

to bring to a focus1730

focus1807

polarize1868

1868 H. Bushnell Serm. Living Subj. 171 It is not enough to rally their inventiveness, doing nothing to polarize their aim.

1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 16 Mar. 2/2 A coherence of policy..cannot be secured until the atoms of the Council, now facing every way, are polarised by party discipline.

1902 W. James Varieties Relig. Experience iii. 57 Polarizing and magnetizing us as they [sc. abstractions] do, we turn towards them and from them, we seek them, hold them, hate them, bless them, just as if they were so many concrete beings.

1923 D. H. Lawrence Stud. in Classic Amer. Lit. i. 8 Every people is polarized in some particular locality, which is home, the homeland.

2002 Re: EU taken from Behind in soc.culture.europe (Usenet newsgroup) 17 Dec. They have a mentality that's polarized by their superiorKemalist chief.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	polarize
释义	polarizev. Brit. /ˈpəʊlərʌɪz/, U.S. /ˈpoʊləˌraɪz/ Forms: 1800s– polarise, 1800s– polarize. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French polariser ; polar adj., -ize suffix. Etymology: In sense 1a < French polariser (E. L. Malus 1811, in Mémoires présentés à l'Institut des Sciences, Lettres et Arts: Sciences math. et phys. 2 447; < post-classical Latin polaris polar adj. + French -iser -ize suffix, but see note below). In other senses < polar adj. + -ize suffix; compare French polariser (1838 with reference to electricity, 1860 in sense ‘to attract, focus (things) in one spot’, 1889 used reflexively in sense ‘to concentrate in one spot’). In sense 2b after polarization n. 2a. Compare polarized adj.Malus apparently connected French polariser with pôle pole n.², assuming a sense of the noun which was quite different from its use in astronomy, geography, and magnetism, with the consequence that ‘polarization’ as applied to light and radiant heat had nothing in common with magnetic or electric polarization as then understood. Compare:1811 Nouveau bull. des sci. 2 292 En donnant à ces cotés le nom de pôles, il [sc. Malus] appelle polarisation la modification qui donne à la lumière des propriétés relatives à ces pôles...Cette nouvelle expression..signifie simplement la modification que la lumière a subie en acquérant de nouvelles propriétés qui ne sont pas relatives à la direction du rayon, mais seulement à ses cotés, considérés à angle droit et dans un plan perpendiculaire à sa direction.[In giving to these sides [of the vertical ray] the name of poles, he calls the modification which imparts to light properties relative to these poles, polarization... This new expression..signifies simply the modification that light has undergone in acquiring new properties, relative not to the direction of the ray, but solely to its sides, considered at a right angle, and in a plane perpendicular to its direction.] I. Scientific uses. 1. Physics. a. transitive. To cause the vibrations of (light or other electromagnetic radiation) to be restricted, wholly or partially, to a particular direction.Plane polarization was first observed by Malus in light reflected at an angle from a surface, the degree of polarization depending on the angle of incidence. It also occurs in double refraction, and can be produced by passing light through a dichroic or birefringent material. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > polarization > cause polarization [verb (transitive)] polarize1811 1811 [implied in: Jrnl. Nat. Philos. Nov. 192 Mr. Malus is still pursuing with success his inquiries concerning polarised light. (at polarized adj. 1a)]. 1812 Jrnl. Nat. Philos. 33 Suppl. 347 Transparent bodies totally transmit the light which they polarise in one direction or manner, and reflect that which is polarised in a contrary manner. 1819 Edinb. Rev. 32 177 All diaphanous bodies polarise light at certain angles. 1854 Orr's Circle Sci.: Chem. 104 Bérard and Professor Forbes..succeeded in polarizing heat (non-luminous) by the agency of reflection. 1873 J. C. Maxwell Treat. Electr. & Magnetism II. 7 A ray of light is said to be polarized when it has properties relating to its sides, which are identical on opposite sides of the ray. 1939 Wireless World 26 Jan. 83/1 The question of whether the waves of the Alexandra Palace television transmitter should be vertically or horizontally polarised. 2001 R. Gregory in R. Catlow & S. Greenfield Cosmic Rays 70 The light dims at a certain orientation of the Polaroid, showing that at a critical angle, reflection polarizes light. b. intransitive. Of a refractive material: to cause polarization of incident light. Also: (of an optically active substance) to rotate the plane of polarization of plane-polarized light by a specified amount under standard conditions. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > polarization > exhibit polarization [verb (intransitive)] polarize1854 1854 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci., Chem. 82 The latter polarizes towards the left. 1879 F. Rutley Study of Rocks x. 113 The whole crystal passes into zeolitic matter which polarises in variegated colours. 1900 Bull. Div. of Chem., U.S. Dept. Agric. No. 59. 52 The wine is fermented... [If] it polarizes −3° after fermentation. [Then] it contains only levorotatory sugar. 1945 A. L. Winton & K. B. Winton Anal. of Foods 616/1 Wash by decantation until the washings polarize zero in a 200-mm. tube. c. transitive and intransitive. To measure the optical activity of (a solution, esp. of a sugar) in order to determine the concentration of solute. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > polarization > cause polarization [verb (transitive)] > measure in sugar polarize1905 1905 G. W. Rolfe Polariscope 87 The sample which the chemist polarizes must be strictly representative of the total lot of sugar. 1945 A. L. Winton & K. B. Winton Anal. of Foods 615/1 Invert Polarization... Cool to about 20°, fill exactly to the mark, mix, and polarize at 20° in a 200-mm. tube. 1963 H. O. Triebold & L. W. Aurand Food Composition & Anal. iii. 60 A solution containing 26·000 grams of sucrose (normal weight) in 100 ml of solution at 20°C., and polarized in a 200-mm tube at 20°C., should give a reading of 100° on the saccharimeter. 1973 Encycl. Industr. Chem. Anal. XVIII. 348 Dilute the solution to 100 ml at 20°C. Mix well and polarize in a 200-mm tube. 2000 W. Altenburg in C. C. Chou Handbk. Sugar Refining v. xxxvii. 662 A comparison of over 1500 sugars polarized concurrently..was underatken. 2. a. transitive. To induce electric or magnetic polarity in; spec. to induce an electric dipole moment in (a substance or particle). Also intransitive: to acquire electric or magnetic polarity. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric polarization > acquire polarity [verb (intransitive)] polarize1838 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric polarization > cause polarity [verb (transitive)] polarize1838 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > magnetic devices or materials > acquire polarity [verb (intransitive)] polarize1838 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > magnetic devices or materials > [verb (transitive)] > give polarity to polarize1838 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric polarization > cause polarity [verb (transitive)] > induce dipole moment polarize1887 the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > quantum mechanics > quantum electrodynamics > induce electric dipole moment [verb (transitive)] polarize1945 1838 M. Faraday in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 128 266 If the globe were charged, these little conductors would all be polar; if the globe were discharged, they would all return to their normal state, to be polarized again upon the recharging of the globe. 1838 M. Faraday in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 128 272 It is not the particles of oxygen and lead which polarize separately under the act of induction, but the molecules of oxide of lead which exhibit this effect. 1856 C. V. Walker tr. A. de la Rive Treat. Electr. II. 671 When the zinc z is plunged into water..its molecules polarize each of the molecules of water that touch it. 1887 W. Larden Electr. x. 161 Lines along which the molecules of the dielectrics are ‘polarised’ by a separation of + and − charges in them. 1945 A. F. Wells Structural Inorg. Chem. ii. 52 An atom is polarized when placed in an electric field. 1977 Sci. Amer. Feb. 91/3 The separation is accomplished by passing the atomic beam through an inhomogeneous electric or magnetic field, which deflects those atoms that are more readily polarized or have a larger magnetic moment. 1987 Proc. 12th Conf. Numerical Simulation of Plasmas PW4/2 In the presence of the applied electric field..each dielectric rod polarizes. 1991 Professional Heating Sept. 21/3 As far as the electrical supply is concerned, all external wiring should be correctly earthed and polarised in accordance with IEE wiring regulations. b. intransitive. Of a cell or battery: to exhibit polarization (polarization n. 2a) and consequently suffer a decrease in electromotive force. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > exhibit polarization [verb (intransitive)] polarize1888 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > produce electromotive force [verb (transitive)] polarize1888 1888 Science 6 July 7/1 The electro-motive force is feeble and variable, and the cell polarizes rapidly. 1903 Electr. World & Engineer 24 Jan. 150/2 There is yet not a battery of this class known that will not polarize in a short time, which means that it has temporarily exhausted itself and must rest for awhile before it is as efficient as it was. 1922 J. A. Crowther Pract. Physics xlii. 253 The Leclanché cell polarises when allowed to give a large current. 1969 J. J. DeFrance Electr. Fund. xi. 124 The prevention is not complete, and with age a cell does polarize. 3. transitive. Physics. To produce a partial or complete alignment of the spins of (particles). Also intransitive: to undergo such an alignment. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > electron spin > produce alignment of spins [verb (transitive)] polarize1932 1932 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 135 431 The theoretical existence of these methods provides some evidence that electron beams can be polarised. 1953 Progress Nucl. Physics 3 72 In order to polarize elementary particles, there must be some sort of coupling of the particle spin with a fixed spatial direction. 1979 Sci. Amer. May 64/2 The next stage polarizes the protons and depolarizes the electrons. 1987 Amer. Jrnl. Physics 55 906 A classical hydrogen atom will polarize in a direction perpendicular to a uniform electric field in its orbital plane. 2005 Physical Rev. B. 71 24429-1 The impurity polarizes conduction electrons in its vicinity and forms a large magnetic droplet. II. figurative. 4. a. transitive. To accentuate a division within (a group, system, etc.); to separate into two (or occasionally several) opposing groups, extremes of opinion, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > be contrary to [verb (transitive)] > polarize polarize1826 1826 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1971) VI. 583 The Historic Idea is the same in Natural History (Physiogony) as in History..but polarized, or presented in opposite & correspondent forms. 1859 D. Masson Brit. Novelists 82 There arises..as the paramount influence in British thought and British action, that distinction of Whiggism and Toryism by which we still find ourselves polarized into two factions. 1949 A. Koestler Promise & Fulfilm. i. xi. 125 The controversy about Zionism would have become as ‘polarized’ between pro- and anti-Russians as, say, the controversy about Poland. 1957 R. N. C. Hunt Guide to Communist Jargon xxvii. 96 There could be no place for neutrality, and indeed such an attitude is explicitly excluded by the Marxist-Leninist dialectic which polarizes every issue and denies the possibility of intermediate solutions. 1972 Nature 3 Mar. 39/2 The problems are polarized into three areas... Only the first of these is really meteorological in character. 1995 Maxim July 39/2 Society is polarised between ‘the unemployed and the hopelessly over-employed’. b. intransitive. To undergo or exhibit polarization; to separate into two opposing groups, extremes of opinion, etc. ΚΠ 1957 R. N. C. Hunt Guide to Communist Jargon xxxvi. 122 As a result of the Industrial Revolution, society had polarized into two hostile classes, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. 1972 Guardian 24 Feb. 10/2 Pub styles polarize into ‘Spit and Sawdust’..and ‘Architects' Fanciful’. 1992 New Republic 5 Oct. 29/2 None of the groups proved stable: the fat group polarized into gay and straight factions, and the Jewish women discovered that they were deeply divided. 5. †a. transitive. To interpret (a word, etc.) in a particular, restrictive way. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > semantics > types of semantic change > [verb (transitive)] polarize1859 1859 O. W. Holmes Professor at Breakfast-table i, in Atlantic Monthly Jan. 87/2 The word, and consequently the idea it represents, is polarized. 1886 W. C. Wilkinson in Homiletic Rev. (U.S.) Mar. 252 That word [sc. self-denial] also has been polarized somewhat—that is, twisted out of its right original meaning. b. transitive. To give unity of direction to; to focus. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > attention > earnest attention, concentration > fix the attention, concentrate [verb (transitive)] > implant, fix > at central point concentrate1632 concentricate1647 to bring to a focus1730 focus1807 polarize1868 1868 H. Bushnell Serm. Living Subj. 171 It is not enough to rally their inventiveness, doing nothing to polarize their aim. 1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 16 Mar. 2/2 A coherence of policy..cannot be secured until the atoms of the Council, now facing every way, are polarised by party discipline. 1902 W. James Varieties Relig. Experience iii. 57 Polarizing and magnetizing us as they [sc. abstractions] do, we turn towards them and from them, we seek them, hold them, hate them, bless them, just as if they were so many concrete beings. 1923 D. H. Lawrence Stud. in Classic Amer. Lit. i. 8 Every people is polarized in some particular locality, which is home, the homeland. 2002 Re: EU taken from Behind in soc.culture.europe (Usenet newsgroup) 17 Dec. They have a mentality that's polarized by their superiorKemalist chief. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1811
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