plumpn.1
/plʌmp/, U.S. /pləmp/ Now rare.† 3. A collection, cluster, or assemblage of inanimate or non-material things. Obsolete.
1.
a. A group of people; a band, a company. In later use chiefly in plump of spears n. a band of spear carriers.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > cluster > compact body of people or animals
sop?a1400
plump?a1425
globe1610
phalanx1654
noyau1965
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 166 (MED) Whan þei wil fighte, þei will schokken hem to gidre in a plomp.
c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 2199 (MED) Þe riche kynge..Presede into þe plumpe and with a prynce metes.
1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xxv. 80 Take hede that thyn enemyes make not a plowmpe of theyre folke to entre and breke thy bataylle.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. xxxijv The kynges speres passed and skyrmyshed wyth the plumpe of speres that Sir Jhon spake of.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 46 So vpon a plumbe going together as neere as they might, escaped.
a1600 Floddan Field (1664) i. 9 A Knight of the North Country, Which leads a lusty plumpe of Spears.
1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. 171 They [sc. Cimbrians] came rolling down vpon Italy in plumps.
a1625 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Double Marriage (1647) iii. i. 32 Here's a whole plump of Rogues.
1808 W. Scott Marmion i. iii. 25 And soon appears, O'er Horncliff-hill, a plump of spears.
1893 C. M. Yonge Grisly Grisell I. ix. 151 I found Thorslan of Danby and a plump of spears on the way to the Duke of York.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. ix. [Scylla & Charybdis] 190 For a plump of pressmen.
b. A group of animals; a flock, school, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animals collectively > [noun] > herd or flock
herda1000
flockc1200
routc1300
flowinga1382
rabblec1400
meinie1481
many1579
school?1590
plump1591
charm1801
band1824
mob1828
1591 G. Fletcher Of Russe Common Wealth iii. f. 9 The manner of the Seals is..to gather all close together in a throng or plumpe.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 589 A plump of Fowl he spies, that swim the Lakes.
1835 H. Miller Scenes & Legends N. Scotl. xvi. 279 They saw a whole plump of whales blowing, and tumbling.
1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 335 A ‘plump’ of ducks rose at the same time.
1861 A. Smith Edwin of Deira iii. 91 Foolish and timorous as a plump of sheep That shoots this way, now that.
1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey Wodds & Doggerybaw: Lincs. Dial. Dict. 229/2 Plump, an alternative word for a flock; used of ducks and geese.
1996 A. Mitchell Blue Coffee 155 A plump of ducks at their pleasure-boating.
2. A clump or cluster of trees, shrubs, or plants. Now chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > wood or assemblage of trees or shrubs > [noun] > clump or cluster
hata1425
tuftc1450
plumpa1470
clumpa1586
turb1618
hummock1636
toll1644
bush1856
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 35 They..toke newe speris and sette hem on theire thyghes, and stoode stylle as hit had be a plumpe of woode.
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xxviii. 73 They go to the plumpes and tuftes of Coleworts, or of Hasill nuts or grene corne.
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 203 We laid vs downe in the bottome vnder a plump of trees.
1653 W. Blith Eng. Improver Improved (new ed.) 153 Severall Groves or Plumps of Trees may be Erected about any Manour, House, or Place, for delight and pleasure.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) II. 24 In Hedge-rows and Plumps they will thrive very well.
1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 20 She wins to foot, an' swavering makes to gang, An' meets a plump of averens ere lang.
1827 S. B. H. Judah Buccaneers I. ii. iii. 197 Leafless and forked branches of broad plumps of ancient oaks, as they drooped above the heads of the weary journeyers.
1889 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. (ed. 2) 412 Ther's a plump of French willa's in Manby Wood.
1898 N. Munro John Splendid x. 100 A thick plump of beech.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > cluster
lumpc1380
clustera1400
knotc1400
community?1541
plump1553
clustering1576
clumpa1586
grove1667
skein1709
snuggle1901
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique ii. f. 70v Many conjectures and great presumptions..heapyng them al into one plumpe, whiche before were sparpled abrode.
1568 T. Howell Newe Sonets (1879) 157 O plumpe of paines, O endles woes, O man infortunate.
1624 F. Bacon Considerations War with Spain in Wks. (1879) I. 542/2 England, Scotland, Ireland, and our good confederates the United Provinces, lie all in a plump together, not accessible but by sea, or, at least, by passing of great rivers.
1659 T. Burton Diary (1828) IV. 279 Let us not admit them [sc. resolutions] in a plump.
1893 National Observer 23 Dec. 135/1 The little plump of yachts cast anchor.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
plumpn.2
/plʌmp/, U.S. /pləmp/ Now English regional (south-western).
= pump n.1 1.Recorded earliest in a compound.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > pump > [noun] > pump for raising water
pump1420
water pump1422
plump1480
water crane1658
force-pump1659
forcer1731
plunger pump1807
well pump1840
hydropult1866
1480 W. Worcester Itineraries 330 Vnius plumpmaker ville Bristollie.
a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 2443 In plumpis..where heuy watyre arisith aftir Ayre.
1517 in E. Hobhouse Church-wardens' Accts. (1890) 136 Payd..for drawyng up ye plummpe to ye welle, jd.
1556 R. Record Castle of Knowl. 112 Manye drawe water at a plompe, that knowe not the cause, why the water dothe ascend.
1655 in M. Cash Devon Inventories 16th & 17th Cent. (Devon & Cornwall Rec. Soc.) New Ser. 11 (1966) 117 In the Milke House..in the Bakehouse..At the Plump House.
1698 in W. M. Myddelton Chirk Castle Accts. (1931) II. 12 Dec. 299 His bill for setting & digging for a plump.
1891 J. H. Pearce Esther Pentreath ii. vi Ef thee poison the water in th' plump, do 'ee think 'ull come pure in th' pail?
1892 S. Hewett Peasant Speech Devon 113 Us ant 'ad a drap ov watter fit tü drenk zince they düed away wi' our plump.
1979 N. Rogers Wessex Dial. 84/2 Plump, a pump.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
plumpn.3
/plʌmp/, U.S. /pləmp/, Scottish English /plʌmp/, Irish English /plʌmp/ Now chiefly Scottish.† 3. slang. A hard blow. Obsolete.
1. An act of plumping (see plump v.1 1); an abrupt plunge or heavy fall, esp. into water; the sound made by this, a heavy plop or splash.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > [noun] > heavy fall
squatc1350
plump1596
gulch1671
sosh1687
soss1718
swaga1728
souse1774
dunt1828
swat1847
slump1850
gutser1918
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 161 With a plumpe [L. praeceps] he fercelie fallis in al kynde of mischeife.
1649 R. Overton Defyance Act Pardon 7 A mighty stone fell..and gave a mighty plump.
1765 C. Johnstone Chrysal IV. ii. xii. 233 The waggon came into a deep hole, with such a plump.
1839 R. M. Bird Adventures Robin Day I. xxiv. 174 Some sudden plump of the coach into a mud-hole..by which I was either frightened or bruised out of my philosophy.
1884 G. M. Barker Tea Planter's Life in Assam viii. 208 I heard..a ‘plomp’ as he made a hole in the water.
1896 J. Lumsden Poems 169 I will lichten an' brichten As weel as plumps in Tyne.
1994 E. Morgan Sweeping out Dark 44 You had to hear the beaten scream, and sometimes That faintest plump of entrails on the concrete.
2. Scottish and Irish English (northern). In early use more fully plump shower. A sudden heavy shower or downpour. Cf. thunder-plump n. at thunder n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [noun] > a or the fall of rain > downpour > sudden
rashOE
waterspout1586
downfall1603
plumpa1688
spate1727
cloud-burst1872
a1688 J. Renwick Choice Coll. Serm. (1776) 234 Like a plump shower ready to be poured down upon us in this land.
1705 R. Wodrow Analecta (1842) I. 77 I was tosted between wind and wave, with sin within, and adversity without; after that came like a plump-shouer from heaven.
1826 A. Cunningham Paul Jones I. ii There will be a plump o' rain that wad turn a barley mill.
1857 K. Young Let. 10 Sept. in Delhi—1857 (1902) xi. 273 I wish it would come down a good plump of rain.
1878 R. L. Stevenson Inland Voy. 74 The whole day was showery, with occasional drenching plumps.
1933 Scots Mag. Jan. 305 What's the sense in getting drooked when There's shelter? It's going to be a proper plump.
1953 M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal 215/1 Plump,..a sudden heavy shower that falls straight down.
1991 A. Blair More Tea at Miss Cranston's v. 51 We used to make paper boats and race them down the gutter after a good plump of rain.
1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 257/2 Plump, a heavy downpour of rain.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > [noun] > a firm or stiff blow
plump?1738
paik1768
podger1816
paiking1862
?1738 Moll King (engraving) (Yale Univ., Lewis Walpole Libr. 738.00.00.03+) (caption) Knocks and Socks, Thumps & Plumps, shall attend the Froe File Buttocking B—h.
1763 C. Johnstone Reverie (new ed.) I. 135 Challenging him to fight, and before he can be on his guard, hitting him a plump in the bread-basket, that shall make him throw up his accounts.
1771 F. Gentleman Tobacconist ii. i. 43 Till giving him a plump of the jaw, which broke two of his grinders, he sickned, so gave up.
1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities ii. xii. 95 ‘Straight!’ said Stryver, with a plump of his fist on the desk.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
plumpadj.1
/plʌmp/, U.S. /pləmp/ a. Rude, unrefined; intellectually dull, obtuse. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupidity, dullness of intellect > clumsy stupidity, oafishness > [adjective]
heavy1340
plump1481
chubbish1566
lubberlike1572
lubberly1580
oafish1682
chubbed1702
slobbish1833
joulter1854
landlubberly1860
slobby1872
1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 94 But rude and plompe beestis [Du. ruyde ongheuallighen beesten] can not vnderstonde wysedom.
a1630 F. Moryson in Shakespeare's Europe (1903) iv. iii. 370 The Hollanders haue of old beene vulgarly called Plumpe, that is blunt or rude.
b. Of an arrowhead: blunt and broad. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > competitive shooting > archery > [adjective] > type of arrow-head
plump1545
1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 20v The blont heades [of arrows] men vse bycause they perceaue them to be good, to kepe a lengthe wyth all..bycause a man poulethe them no ferder at one tyme than at another. For in felynge the plompe ende alwayes equallye he maye lowse them.
2. Having a full rounded shape.
a. Of a person, animal, or part of the body: filled out, somewhat fat, chubby.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [adjective] > fat or plump
fatc893
frimOE
fullOE
overfatOE
greatOE
bald1297
roundc1300
encorsivea1340
fattishc1369
fleshyc1369
fleshlyc1374
repletea1398
largec1405
corsious1430
corpulentc1440
corsyc1440
fulsome1447
portlyc1487
corporate1509
foggy fata1529
corsive1530
foggish?1537
plump1545
fatty1552
fleshful1552
pubble1566
plum1570
pursy1576
well-fleshed1576
gross?1577
fog1582
forfatted1586
gulchy1598
bouksome1600
fat-fed1607
meatified1607
chuff1609
plumpya1616
bloat1638
blowze-like1647
obese1651
jollya1661
bloated1664
chubbed1674
pluffya1689
puffya1689
pussy1688
sappy1694
crummy1718
chubby1722
fodgel1724
well-padded1737
beefy1743
plumpish1753
pudsy1754
rotund1762
portable1770
lusty1777
roundabout1787
well-cushioned1802
plenitudinous1803
stout1804
embonpointc1806
roly-poly1808
adipose1810
roll-about1815
foggy1817
poddy1823
porky1828
hide-blown1834
tubby1835
stoutish1836
tubbish1836
superfatted1841
pottle-bodied1842
pincushiony1851
opulent1882
well-covered1884
well-upholstered1886
butterball1888
endomorphic1888
tisty-tosty1888
pachyntic1890
barrel-bodied1894
overweight1899
pussy-gutted1906
upholstered1924
1545 [implied in: T. Raynald in tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. sig. G.iiv In saftnesse of skyn, and plumpnesse of the body. (at plumpness n.1)].
1569 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 46 Riche Grahame callit the Plump.
1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Biiij My flesh is soft, and plumpe . View more context for this quotation
1634 T. Heywood & R. Brome Late Lancashire Witches iiii. sig. G4 You may see by his plump belly..he [sc. a horse] hath not bin sore travail'd.
1687 T. Brown Cal. Reform'd in Duke of Buckingham et al. Misc. Wks. (1704) 227 Having so jolly plump Lasses under your Care.
1700 E. Ward Dancing School 3 Charming Bubbies, Plump Hips, Soft Bellies, Condescending Mo-Mo-Modicums.
1728 A. Pope Dunciad ii. 25 All as a partridge plump, full-fed, and fair.
1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 595 The plump convivial parson.
1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. II. iii. 209 The Arabians, Caffres, and Hottentots, consume vast quantities of locusts when they are plump.
1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. i. 27 Harold lifted his arm and spread out his plump hand.
1891 ‘Q’ Noughts & Crosses 56 In the doorway stood a plump middle-aged woman, nodding her head rapidly.
1926 in J. F. Dobie Rainbow in Morning 88 As plump as a young pullet; as plump as a partridge.
1995 Times Lit. Suppl. 11 Aug. 14/3 ‘She wasn't plump,’ cut in Parkin. ‘She was fat. She's plump now.’
b. Of an object: full and rounded; spec. (of fruit, etc.) fleshy, caused to swell; (of a cushion, pillow, etc.) plumped up.In quot. 1867: (of coins) of full size and weight, not clipped.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by good growth > [adjective] > strong, vigorous, or plump
strongOE
thriftyc1440
well-brawneda1450
valiant1542
pubble1566
stout1573
corroborate1581
bunting1584
lusty1600
plump1600
vegetous1610
blought1611
boisterous1622
stocky1622
robust1627
steera1642
vegete1655
jollya1661
vigorous1706
well-to-do1852
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > largeness > [adjective] > of large volume or bulky > and full
bunting1584
full-bodied1588
plump1600
bold1787
squidgy1978
society > trade and finance > money > mutilating coin > [adjective] > not mutilated
unclipped1550
unroungeda1600
unsweated1774
plump1867
1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor i. iii. sig. Diiiv To see how plumpe my bags are, and my barnes. View more context for this quotation
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 417 After they [sc. dried grapes] be well drenched and infused in some excellent wine vntill they be swelled and plumpe, they presse them.
1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 322 To keep the Ball-Leathers plump the longer.
1794 J. Robertson Agric. Perth (1799) 208 It produces excellent crops of plump grain.
1845 J. W. Carlyle Lett. I. 339 He..looked as plump as a pincushion.
1867 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench 2 175 I do not believe that the coins in actual currency at that time were ‘plump’. I think it probable that they were much clipped and sweated.
1931 Good Housek. (U.S. ed.) Dec. 44/3 The..substantial comfort provided by our hotel:..its spacious and well-ordered rooms, the plump pillows and puffs with which the snowy beds were piled.
1996 Amateur Gardening 25 May 52/1 Superfruit [sc. a type of raspberry]..hits the scales at twice the weight of most other varieties because it is larger and plumper.
3. figurative. Abundant, rich; full and round in tone or flavour; large, healthy; complete, full.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adjective] > plentiful or fertile
fertile1481
fruitful1535
milch1604
succulent1626
plump1635
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > singing voice > [adjective] > qualities of voice
sweetened1567
flexible1712
plump1775
veiled1816
mezza voce1853
tremulant1884
tremulous1884
well-modulated1934
1635 F. Quarles Emblemes ii. iii. 74 Will no plump Fee Bribe thy false fists, to make a glad Decree?
1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 22 What a plump endowment to the..mouth of a Prelate.
1676 T. Mace Musick's Monument 65 You must String it,..so as it may be Plump, and Full Sounded.
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Plump-in-the-pocket, flush of Money.
1775 F. Burney Let. 10 June in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1990) II. 154 Such a powerful voice!.. Her shake—so plump—so true, so open!
1827 R. Pollok Course of Time I. iii. 93 The stripling youth of plump unseared hope.
1857 J. T. Trowbridge Neighbor Jackwood ix I hold not a very plump opinion of them.
1932 G. Greene Stamboul Train i. i. 5 An indecent song..made his plump family soul wither..in envy.
1991 Wine Summer 46/3 Quite concentrated on the palate, plump, round entry followed by plenty of fruit.
Compounds
Parasynthetic, as plump-bellied, plump-cheeked, plump-faced, plump-looking, plump-thighed, plump-uddered, etc., adjs.
ΚΠ
1601 J. Marston et al. Iacke Drums Entertainm. i. sig. Cv Nay stay, stay, I will helpe you to a dilicate plump-lipt wench.
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge iv. i. sig. Gv There is no essence mortal, That I can enuie, but a plumpe cheekt foole.
1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion iii. 46 Many a plump-thigh'd moore, & ful-flanck't marsh.
1658 Publick Intelligencer No. 117. 236 One who calleth himself John Rawlinson, born at Crew in Cheshire, about eighteen or twenty years of age, low of stature, Thick legged,..Plump faced.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 431. ⁋3 A plump-fac'd, hale, fresh-colour'd Girl.
1779 Mirror No. 41. ¶1 I perceived a little before me a short plump-looking man.
1826 T. H. Lister Granby I. vi. 75 Plump-looking little birds.
1891 C. T. C. James Romantic Rigmarole 22 The stubble fields were tented thick with sheaves of plump-faced wheat.
1916 J. Joyce Portrait of Artist iii. 127 Thrust it out of men's sight into a long hole in the ground, into the grave, to rot, to feed the mass of its creeping worms and to be devoured by scuttling plump-bellied rats.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 513 A nannygoat passes, plumpuddered, buttytailed, dropping currants.
2000 Guardian 6 May (Weekend Suppl.) 56/2 Short, plump-grained rices..are used where creaminess or stickiness are considered desirable.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
plumpv.1
/plʌmp/, U.S. /pləmp/ 1.
a. intransitive. To land with a splash; to plunge into water. Also (Scottish): (of rain) to fall heavily.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > drop or fall vertically > into water
plumpc1400
c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 5767 (MED) Hij plumten doune as an doppe Jn þe water at on scoppe; Þoo hij plumten þe water vnder, Þe folk had of hem grete wonder.
?1532 Tales & Quicke Answeres sig. Iii Thou list hore..for if he had fallen in to the water, I shuld haue hard him plump.
1611 ‘G. Vadianus’ in T. Coryate Crudities sig. h2 The purple-wing'd King-fisher.., For a poore Minnow in doth plumpe, And eates her raw.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones II. iv. iii. 17 The poor Lad plumped over Head and Ears into the Warer [sic].
1803 Edinb. Rev. 2 279 The tradesman plumps into a pond.
1827 J. Montgomery Pelican Island v. 112 The heavy penguin, neither fish nor fowl,..Plump'd stone-like from the rock into the gulf.
1892 R. L. Stevenson & L. Osbourne Wrecker xix. 305 The rain still plumped, like a vast shower-bath.
1965 Scots Mag. Aug. 416 Next morning it was thundery. ‘Heavy,’ I remarked tentatively to our hostess. ‘Plumpish,’ she corrected firmly. ‘Aye, it'll plump later.’
2004 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 20 Mar. (Weekend Suppl.) 15 The ducklings..have to plump into the water where they will feed on midges and flies.
b. intransitive. To land with a thud; to drop heavily on to a surface or into a chair, etc.; to hit an object hard. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > abruptly
plump1673
plunk1808
1673 J. Eachard Some Opinions Mr Hobbs Considered 44 But all on a sudden he plomps, for he has a mind to nothing.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 492. ⁋2 It will give you a Notion how Dulcissa plumps into a Chair.
1786 F. Burney Diary 13 Aug. (1842) III. 98 Others..plumped down on both knees, and could hardly get up again.
1844 W. M. Thackeray Wanderings Fat Contributor i I removed to the next seat... He plumped into my place.
1857 Ld. Dufferin Lett. from High Latitudes 86 A vast cavern into which the upper crust subsequently plumped down.
1888 Ld. Wolseley in Fortn. Rev. Aug. 287 The horror of hearing bullets plump into the bodies of their comrades with a horrible thud.
1937 A. J. Cronin Citadel ii. viii. 164 He plumped suddenly upon his knees beside the bed.
1951 J. B. Priestley Festival at Farbridge 31 Captain Mobbs plomped down again.
1986 S. Middleton After Dinner's Sleep xvi. 216 Sebastian..plumped on the bed.
c. intransitive. Chiefly figurative. To come abruptly into a specified place or condition; to burst in or out. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > suddenness > happen suddenly [verb (intransitive)]
plump1806
1806 R. Heber Let. 13 Sept. in A. Heber Life R. Heber (1830) I. ix. 318 On leaving Wittenberg we immediately plumped into about a yard deep of sand.
1829 C. Lamb Lett. (1935) III. 206 Lest those raptures..should suddenly plump down..to a loathing and blank aversion.
1843 J. W. Carlyle Let. to T. Carlyle 11 July For God's sake do not let John plump in upon me in my present puddlement.
1884 T. H. Huxley in L. Huxley Life & Lett. T. H. Huxley (1900) II. vi. 84 We..plumped into bitter cold weather.
1940 Clearfield (Pa.) Progress 27 Apr. 4/1 Directly after the World War they came plumping into equality in politics.
2. transitive. To throw down, let fall, drop, plunge (an object), esp. into water; to put down heavily and unceremoniously. Also reflexive (frequently with down): to set oneself down heavily.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > abruptly or on to a flat surface or water
plumpa1475
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > let oneself fall [verb (reflexive)]
plump1869
plunk1976
society > trade and finance > payment > pay money or things [verb (transitive)] > pay immediately or cash
to pay down?a1425
tender down1607
plank1824
plunk1890
plump1892
a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 51 (MED) Fyrst sly þy capon over þo nyȝght, Plump hym in water wher he is dyȝt.
1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 21v Seith water, & plump therein plenty of sloes.
1728 A. Pope Dunciad ii. 359 As what a Dutchman plumps into the lakes, One circle first, and then a second makes.
1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan 138 Each one taking a seat..while he spoke; and plumping himself into it, all of a sudden, as if he were shot through the head.
1849 A. R. Smith Pottleton Legacy vii. 35 A..man brought in some..bags, and plumped them down in a corner.
1869 H. F. Tozer Res. Highlands of Turkey II. 27 [He] plumped himself down on the grass, and declared he would go no further.
1892 I. Zangwill Big Bow Myst. 79 She plumped down the money and walked out.
1942 2nd N.Z.E.F. Times 25 May in L. Cleveland Iron Hand (1979) 23 The cattle in the paddock at my feet Plump their patched bellies on the grass and sigh.
1980 M. Bail Homesickness v. 243 Mrs Cathcart plomped herself down near Doug.
1994 Straight No Chaser Summer 18/2 People start to plump down their briefcases and begin to gently sway like corn.
3. transitive. colloquial. To utter abruptly; (now) esp. to blurt out. Now rare. Cf. plump adv. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > without restraint, openly, or recklessly > blurt out
braid1562
blurt1573
bolt1577
plump1579
sot1608
to bounce out (with)c1626
flirt1641
blutter1684
to come right out with1861
to give vent1870
blat1879
whip1889
1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 96 This is a verie peremptorie sentence, plumped downe of you.
1580 J. Bell tr. J. Foxe Pope Confuted f. 51 Out of what puddle were plumped first their proude crakes of the absolute power of the vniuersal bishop.
1819 J. Keats Let. 22 Sept. (1958) II. 179 Should you like me for a neighbour again? Come now, plump it out, I wont blush.
1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. I. ix. 152 I plumped out that St. Paul's was the finest cathedral in England.
1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. viii. 72 ‘If it ain't a liberty to plump it out,’ said Mr. Boffin, ‘what do you do for your living?’
1911 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press 2 Sept. He plumped it out and told her.
1934 G. B. Shaw Too True to be Good ii. 65 It's quite right that you should say it frankly and plainly. I envy and admire the frightful coolness with which you plump it all out.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > strike [verb (transitive)] > specific animate object
drepeOE
smitec1200
buffet?c1225
strike1377
rapa1400
seta1400
frontc1400
ballc1450
throw1488
to bear (a person) a blow1530
fetch1556
douse1559
knetcha1564
slat1577
to hit any one a blow1597
wherret1599
alapate1609
shock1614
baske1642
measure1652
plump1785
jow1802
nobble1841
scuff1841
clump1864
bust1873
plonk1874
to sock it to1877
dot1881
biff1888
dong1889
slosh1890
to soak it to1892
to cop (a person) one1898
poke1906
to hang one on1908
bop1931
clonk1949
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > wound > wound with missile
shootc893
shoot1297
feather1415
to shoot (a person, thing) through1535
daga1572
pistol1598
lace1622
to shoot‥through and througha1648
pink1661
pop1762
plump1785
wing1802
drill1808
rifle1821
leg1829
hole1847
shot1855
blunderbuss1870
riddle1874
pip1900
slot1987
1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (at cited word) Plump his peepers, or daylights, give him a blow in the eyes; he pulled out his pops [= pistols] and plumped him.
c1865 B. A. Baker Glance at N.Y. 21 Plump, to give a blow; to beat, hit.
1873 B. Harte Mrs. Skaggs's Husbands 106 You had a mighty fine chance; why did n't you plump him?
5. intransitive. Originally: to vote at an election for only one candidate (even though entitled to vote for two or more). Now: to opt for one of two or more possibilities; (occasionally) to decide or vote against.Cf. to vote plump at plump adv. 4.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [verb (intransitive)] > vote in specific way
to vote plump1742
plump1806
to split one's (or the) ticket or ballot1842
to vote the straight ticket1856
repeat1876
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > choose [verb (transitive)]
choosec893
achooseeOE
i-cheoseOE
curea1225
choise1505
to make choice of1588
pitch1628
to fix on or upon1653
trysta1694
pick1824
to prick for1828
plump1848
to come down1886
plunk1935
1806 in Acct. Election Liverpool Nov. 1806 For Tarleton, a plumper, let's vote one and all,..We'll plump for Tarleton, to prove we are free.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Bk. Snobs xxviii. 105 Friendship..induces me to plump for St. Michaels.
1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. xi. 243 I'll plump or I'll split for them as treat me the handsomest and are the most of what I call gentlemen.
1890 A. Barrère & C. G. Leland Dict. Slang II. 140/2 Plump, to... (Racing), to lay one's money on one single horse. But I shall plump for Lord R. Ch.'s L' Abbesse de Jouarre, who has been well tried.
1929 C. Connolly Romantic Friendship (1975) 325 I have plumped against England.
1934 Discovery June 176/1 The more one knows..the less one is inclined to ‘plump’ for one particular solution rather than another.
1966 Observer 3 Apr. 10/5 A large section of the electorate plumped for the Liberals.
1976 Which? May 100/3 We don't think now is the best time to invest in equipment. Better to wait until one of the systems appears to be winning the battle and then plump for that.
1993 High Life (Brit. Airways) Oct. 64/1 True, the French plump mainly for pumpkins as cattle fodder, but they do a good line in potage au potiron.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† plumpv.2
Obsolete.
intransitive. To form compact groups; to mass or cluster together. Also: to come out in a mass.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (intransitive)] > cluster
plump1530
cluster1541
clutter1556
constell1602
constellate1647
bunch1873
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 661/2 What meane yonder men to plompe togyder yonder,..qui sarroutent aynsi?
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Exod. xv. 8 The depes plomped together in ye myddest of the see.
1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. vi. sig. F viij The barel now broken, the swarme plomped out.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2020).
plumpv.3
/plʌmp/, U.S. /pləmp/ 1.
a. transitive. To make plump; to cause to swell (esp. in early use, with water); spec. make (a pillow, cushion, etc.) rounded and soft by shaking or patting it so as to adjust its stuffing. Frequently with out or up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)] > make plump
plump1533
plum1561
plumpen1687
pouf1947
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > go or come out [verb (intransitive)] > in a mass
plump1533
1533 J. Heywood Play of Wether sig. Ciiv For spryngynge and plumpyng all maner corne yet muste ye haue water or all is forlorne.
a1607 H. Chettle Trag. Hoffman (1631) sig. H1 Art not thou plumpt with laughter my Lorrique.
1662 R. Boyle Explic. of Rarefaction in Def. Doctr. Spring & Weight of Air 96 These lurking Particles [of air] so expanding themselves, must necessarily plump out the sides of the Bladder, and so keep them turgid.
1680 W. Charleton Enq. Human Nature v. 448 Some oppression of the vital Heat..plumps up the Skin that otherwise would shrink itself up.
1704 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 24 1621 If the..Grain were well soakt and plumpt up with Water.
1775 S. Johnson Journey W. Islands 122 Their fowls are not like those plumped for sale by the poulterers of London.
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxxvii. 339 Dolly..plumping and patting the pillows of the bed.
1848 C. Dickens Dombey & Son lvii. 571 Mrs. Miff resumes her dusting and plumps up her cushions.
1883 R. Haldane Workshop Receipts 2nd Ser. 371/1 The hide is unhaired by being placed in a liquid, which..plumps the hide.
1960 M. Spark Ballad of Peckham Rye viii. 168 She turned and plumped out the cushion behind her.
1975 L. Gillen Return to Deepwater iv. 68 The cushions on the settee freshly plumped.
1999 Independent 27 May ii. 9/1 A little penicillin, perhaps, to plump up the breast, a sprinkling of tetracycline to bulk out the legs.
b. transitive. figurative.
ΚΠ
1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. x. 27 I will..plumpe my ioyes, by letting them surprize mee.
1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 671 The godly faction [was] then plump'd up with hopes to carry on their diabolical designes.
1887 G. Meredith Ballads & Poems 109 Heaven! 'tis heaven to plump her [sc. England's] life.
1991 Harrowsmith Aug. 80/1 Kosher frankfurters and hamburgers are staples, plumped out with salads, fruit and cookies.
2. intransitive. To become plump; to swell. Frequently with out or up. N.E.D. (1907) interprets ‘plump’ in quot. 1602 as an example of the verb, though it is also possible to understand it as an example of plump adj.1 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (intransitive)] > become plump
plump1602
plim1654
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge ii. v. sig. E2v Swell plump bold heart. For now thy tide of vengeance rowleth in.
1612 R. Daborne Christian turn'd Turke sig. Gv You Manticora that plumpe vpon raw flesh.
1693 J. Evelyn tr. J. de La Quintinie Compl. Gard'ner ii. vi. iii. 160 Their Fruit begins to plump at the full Moon.
1746 H. Walpole Corr. 2 Oct. (1954) XIX. 317 Mr Whitehed..thinks me plumped out.
1843 Countess Granville Lett. (1894) II. 358 He [sc. a dog] is plumping up, his coat glossy.
1882 Fraser's Mag. 25 687 Her cheeks had plumped out.
1976 L. Black Healthy Way to Die ii. 9 The cosmetics were a little too thick, the hips starting to plump.
1994 R. Preston Hot Zone 168 Some of the cells consisted of a single brick..that had grown so fat that the whole cell had plumped up.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
plumpv.4
/plʌmp/, U.S. /pləmp/ Now English regional (south-western) and rare.
transitive (perhaps also intransitive). To pump.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (transitive)] > pump
pump1530
plump1589
1589 J. Rider Bibliotheca Scholastica 1112 To Plumpe, v. pumpe.
1880 M. A. Courtney W. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall 43/2 Plump, to pump.
1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. (at cited word) Please, Sir, the plump's a-brokt, can't plump a drop o' water.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
plumpadv.int.adj.2
/plʌmp/, U.S. /pləmp/ Now rare.
A. adv.† 4. to vote plump: to vote for one option or candidate without any qualification. Obsolete.
1. With an abrupt or heavy fall or drop; with a thud or a sudden impact; suddenly, unexpectedly; = plumply adv.2 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > [adverb] > with direct or heavy impact
plump1594
plumply1800
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > suddenness > [adverb]
feringc1000
ferlyc1000
suddenlyc1290
feringlya1300
in a braida1400
sudden?1404
of (a) suddentyc1440
at a braid1549–62
on or upon a (or the) sudden1558
at a (orthe) sudden1562
in a sudden1562
abruptly1565
on or upon (a) suddenty?1567
of a sudden1570
upon a very great sudden1572
in or on a great, in sic a suddenty1587
plump1594
unaware1667
surprisedly1680
a-start1721
abruptedly1784
with a bump1872
just so1971
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > [adverb] > with a sudden fall
plump1594
1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne i. 10 There hence againe, to pastures of Tortose, Plump downe [It. precipitando] directly leuels he his flight.
1730 B. Franklin Witch Trial at Mt. Holly 22 Oct. in Papers (1959) I. 183 The Wizard was first put in the Scale..and then the Bible was put in the other Scale..but to the great Surprize of the Spectators, Flesh and Bones came down plump, and outweighed that great good Book.
1778 F. Burney Evelina II. xxiii. 221 As we were a going up Snow-Hill, plump we comes against a cart.
1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. x. 230 Squatting plump on a cat which you had not seen in your chair.
a1845 R. H. Barham Marie Mignot in Ingoldsby Legends (1847) 3rd Ser. 344 Her Ladyship found Herself plump on the ground.
1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. i. 10 I took a shot at him and brought him down plump.
1929 R. Hughes High Wind in Jamaica iii. 70 Poor little Jacko missed his hold at last: fell plump on the deck and broke his neck.
1961 E. Waugh Unconditional Surrender (1964) ii. v. 100 ‘What's this about “Roman Candles”?’ ‘When the parachute doesn't open and you fall plump straight.’
2003 Morning Call (Allentown, Pa.) (Nexis) 30 Sept. e1 He picked it up and moved it about four inches and put it down, plump.
2. With a sudden drop or fall into water; with a splash.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > [adverb] > with a sudden fall > into water
plump1616
1616 B. Jonson Oberon 204 in Wks. I I would faine..to some riuer take 'hem; Plump: and see, if that would wake 'hem.
a1627 W. Rowley & T. Middleton Wit at Severall Weapons i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Iiiiii3/1 The Art of Swimming, he that will atteine to 't Must fall plumpe, and duck himselfe at first.
1713 R. Steele Guardian No. 50. ⁋4 The lover, with much amazement, came plump into the river.
1850 H. T. Cheever Whaleman's Adventures (London ed.) iii. 40 But no sooner was the last fold of blubber..hoisted in,..than it [sc. the carcase] sank plump down.
a1854 E. Grant Mem. Highland Lady (1988) I. xii. 273 She..fell plump into the stream.
1939 S. O'Casey I knock at Door in Autobiogr. (1980) I. 145 They'd all turn left as one man, rest a hand on the parapet 'n vault plump into the river.
3. Directly, immediately, straightaway, outright; spec. (of a statement, question, etc.) without circumlocution or concealment, in plain terms, bluntly, flatly; = plumply adv.2 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > plainness > [adverb] > straightforwardly or directly
platc1375
in short and plainc1386
plaina1387
platlyc1390
in (also at, on, unto) (a, the) plainc1395
roundc1405
homelya1413
directly1509
roundly1528
point-blank1598
in good set termsa1616
broadly1624
crudely1638
plain downa1640
plumply1726
plumpa1734
squably1737
straightforward1809
unvarnishedly1824
pine-blank1834
blankly1846
squarely1860
straight out1874
straightforwardly1906
a1734 R. North Lives of Norths (1826) Refuse plump.
1779 F. Burney Lett. Dec. The shortest way of doing this is by coming plump upon the question.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas IV. xii. vii. 415 If you must have it plump, I was born to live and die a poet.
1811 Minutes Evid. Berkeley Peerage 202 I question whether I ever said plump Miss Tudor, I said Ma'am.
1840 W. M. Thackeray Catherine iv Hayes first said no, plump.
1870 C. Dickens Edwin Drood xviii. 142 Mr. and Mrs. Tope..used for their own egress and ingress a little side stair that came plump into the Precincts by a door opening outward.
1888 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms xlviii He told us, plump and plain, that he wasn't going to shift.
1898 Pall Mall Mag. Nov. 368 I lied..plump and pat, I will confess.
1911 Times 20 July 3/2 He voted plump against that.
1935 G. Blake Shipbuilders vii. 183 Tell her plump and plain that he was going on the dole, and let her put that in her pipe and smoke it?
1937 C. Brooks Jrnl. 15 Feb. (1998) 189 Winston told us how he nearly ran plump into the arms of the Germans in his last week of the war.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [verb (intransitive)] > vote in specific way
to vote plump1742
plump1806
to split one's (or the) ticket or ballot1842
to vote the straight ticket1856
repeat1876
1742 Hist. & Proc. House of Lords IV. 224 Every Peer of Scotland that did not vote plump for that [Court or Ministerial] List, would be under-hand threatened.
1776 J. Adams Wks. (1854) IX. 398 New Jersey has dethroned [Gov. William] Franklin, and in a letter, which is just come to my hand from indisputable authority, I am told that the delegates from that colony ‘will vote plump!’ [sc. for the Declaration of Independence].
a1779 D. Garrick Poet. Wks. (1785) II. 523 While independent Plummer cry'd, He'd not vote plump on either side.
1847 Huron Reflector (Norwalk, Ohio) 21 Dec. Mr. Petrie of N.Y...voted plump Loco-Foco.
B. int.
Representing the sound made by an object falling into water. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sound of water > [interjection] > plop
plump1597
plop1844
plip1907
1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements i. xxiii. 119 [They] threw them peece meale into a deep well, to heare them crie plumpe.
1825 N.Y. Lit. Gaz. 29 Oct. 119/2 Nothing to be seen or heard but..the everlasting rain, plump! plump! plump! in the river.
1946 K. Tennant Lost Haven xiv. 223 What they ought to teach kids at school..is how to decide things. Plomp! Like dropping a stone in the river.
C. adj.2† 1. † 3. Paid in full at once. Obsolete. rare.
a. Vertical, sheer. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > vertical position > [adjective] > almost vertical or sheer
upright1596
plump1611
sheer1800
sheering1851
sheer1864
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Escore,..plumpe, or straight down, in depth.
b. Directly facing. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > opposite position > [adjective] > facing > directly
plump1890
1890 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 287 In buildings, plump views are objectionable; they should always be taken at an angle.
2. figurative. Of a statement, question, etc.: direct, blunt, forthright, unqualified. Cf. flat adj. 6a.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > plainness > [adjective] > straightforward or direct
naked?c1225
platc1385
plaina1393
light?a1400
rounda1450
direct1530
frank1548
evena1573
handsmooth1612
point-blank1648
crude1650
plain-spoken1658
plain-spoke1706
unambiguous1751
plump1789
straightforward1806
plain-said1867
pine-blank1883
straight1894
point-to-point1905
non-ambiguous1924
Wife of Bath1926
simpliste1973
1618 [implied in: S. Ward Iethro's Iustice of Peace 72 I haue learned too much bluntnesse and plumpnese of speech among the Lutherans. (at plumpness n.2)].
1669 J. Stewart Jus Populi Vindicatum 14 And yet so pertinent and plump that it stopped the mouth of the accusers.
1789 F. Burney Diary Dec. (1842) V. 79 She..made the most plump inquiries into its particulars, with a sort of hearty good humour.
1801 M. Edgeworth Belinda II. xvii. 161 I hate qualifying arguers—Plump assertion or plump denial for me.
1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) A plump lie.
1840 Lady C. M. C. Bury Hist. Flirt i She gave a plump decline, and said something about his morals.
1872 H. Lawrenny in Fortn. Rev. Mar. 321 Neither man nor woman would dare to answer with a plump No.
1902 Nebraska State Jrnl. 19 Mar. 6/1 Powell Clayton replies with a plump denial.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > payment > [adjective] > prompt
readya1400
prompt1766
plump1865
1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. xiii. 115 Paying up in full, in one plump sum.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
<
n.1?a1425n.21480n.31596
adj.11481
v.1c1400
v.21530v.31533v.41589adv.int.adj.21594