plumulen.

Brit.

/ˈpluːmjuːl/, U.S.

/ˈplumˌjul/

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French plumule; Latin plūmula.

Etymology: < French plumule (1714 or earlier in sense 1) and its etymon classical Latin plūmula little feather (see plumula n.); compare -ule suffix.

1. Botany. The part of a plant embryo that develops into the shoot system, consisting of the epicotyl and first leaves.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > [noun] > parts of > plumule or rudimentary shoot

spirec1374

springa1400

sprout?1548

plume1578

spear1647

germen1651

acrospire1675

sprit1682

mistressa1722

plumula1727

plumule1727

plumelet1783

gemmule1844

stem-bud1877

epicotyl1880

1727 P. Shaw & E. Chambers in tr. H. Boerhaave New Method Chem. ii. 156 (note) 'Tis very remarkable, how the plumule, or future stem should always get uppermost; and the radicle, or root, be turn'd downwards.

1805 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 95 262 I have never been able to satisfy myself that all the buds were eradicated without having destroyed the base of the plumule.

1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 560 The shoot which developes from the plumule becomes the primary stem of the plant.

1924 W. H. Fitch et al. Illustr. Brit. Flora (ed. 5) p. ix In the germination of the seed the plumule arises between two (rarely more) lobes or cotyledons of the embryo.

1947 D. H. Robinson Leguminous Forage Plants (ed. 2) vii. 97 The seedling is characterized by a strong radicle, and a plumule which bursts through the soil in a bent position.

1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 34 The shoot and root develop from the counterpart embryonic systems, called the plumule and radicle respectively.

a. A little feather; (Ornithology) a down feather; (also) each of the downy barbs near the base of a feather. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > feather > [noun] > little feather

quillet1348

plumule1782

featherlet1834

plumelet1850

featheret1882

the world > animals > birds > feather > [noun] > down or down-feather

plumeOE

down1345

dowlc1535

plumule1782

powder-down1861

1782 B. Martin Young Gentleman & Lady's Philos. III. 97 It [sc. a feather] consists of such parts as Vanes towards the Beginning, but Plumules afterwards to the end.

1792 J. Leslie in tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Birds I. 36 Bridle, the plumules on the front immediately over the bill.

1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 86 Fled the last plumule of the dark, Pants up hither the spruce clerk.

1856–8 W. Clark tr. J. van der Hoeven Handbk. Zool. II. 380 Nostrils not covered by plumules.

1867 W. B. Tegetmeier Pigeons 8 The whole of the feathers of the pigeon are destitute of the small second feather or accessory plumule.

1979 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 6 Dec. c1/4 To be legitimately called down-filled, a jacket..must contain at least 80 percent down and plumules.

1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) vi. 146 Basically similar, but simpler in build, are down feathers, or plumules. They cover the entire body of the chick and underlie the contour feathers over much of the body of the adult, forming the main insulation.

†b. The plumose pappus of a seed. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > calyx > pappus or appendage on seed

plume1578

pappe1657

pappus1704

corona1753

coronule1806

coma1830

plumule1894

1894 S. R. Crockett Lilac Sunbonnet 46 The plumules were blowing off freely now.

3. Entomology. A small plumose organ or structure; spec. (a) an androconium of a male butterfly or moth, often having a downy tip; (b) a projection of the thorax near the base of the wing of a hoverfly (see quot. 1989).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Lepidoptera or butterflies and moths > [noun] > parts of > androconia or plumule

androconium1877

plumule1890

1890 Cent. Dict. Plumule.., (a) a little plume-like organ or ornament. (b) one of the peculiar obcordate scales found on the wings of certain lepidopterous insects.

1930 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 23 140 Wings [of the hoverfly Syrphus lebanoensis] hyaline, stigma light brownish. The squamæ pale with rather long brownish pile on the edges..; the plumule with whitish hair.

1938 A. D. Imms Gen. Textbk. Entomol. (ed. 4) 435 In the males of various Lepidoptera groups of more specialized scales or androconia (plumules) occur on the upper surface of the wings.

1989 S. W. Nichols Torre-Bueno Gloss. Entomol. 561 Plumule, in adult Syrphidae (Diptera), produced posteroventral margin of subalare.

Derivatives

ˈplumuleless adj. rare

ΚΠ

1872 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds 223 The plumuleless plumage is generally compact, with thickened, spongy rhachis.

1902 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29 51 In the plumuleless seedlings there is no upwardly directed force to bring the corm near the surface such as the plumule exerts in forcing its way through the ground.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	plumule
释义	plumulen. Brit. /ˈpluːmjuːl/, U.S. /ˈplumˌjul/ Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French plumule; Latin plūmula. Etymology: < French plumule (1714 or earlier in sense 1) and its etymon classical Latin plūmula little feather (see plumula n.); compare -ule suffix. 1. Botany. The part of a plant embryo that develops into the shoot system, consisting of the epicotyl and first leaves. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > [noun] > parts of > plumule or rudimentary shoot spirec1374 springa1400 sprout?1548 plume1578 spear1647 germen1651 acrospire1675 sprit1682 mistressa1722 plumula1727 plumule1727 plumelet1783 gemmule1844 stem-bud1877 epicotyl1880 1727 P. Shaw & E. Chambers in tr. H. Boerhaave New Method Chem. ii. 156 (note) 'Tis very remarkable, how the plumule, or future stem should always get uppermost; and the radicle, or root, be turn'd downwards. 1805 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 95 262 I have never been able to satisfy myself that all the buds were eradicated without having destroyed the base of the plumule. 1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 560 The shoot which developes from the plumule becomes the primary stem of the plant. 1924 W. H. Fitch et al. Illustr. Brit. Flora (ed. 5) p. ix In the germination of the seed the plumule arises between two (rarely more) lobes or cotyledons of the embryo. 1947 D. H. Robinson Leguminous Forage Plants (ed. 2) vii. 97 The seedling is characterized by a strong radicle, and a plumule which bursts through the soil in a bent position. 1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 34 The shoot and root develop from the counterpart embryonic systems, called the plumule and radicle respectively. 2. a. A little feather; (Ornithology) a down feather; (also) each of the downy barbs near the base of a feather. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > feather > [noun] > little feather quillet1348 plumule1782 featherlet1834 plumelet1850 featheret1882 the world > animals > birds > feather > [noun] > down or down-feather plumeOE down1345 dowlc1535 plumule1782 powder-down1861 1782 B. Martin Young Gentleman & Lady's Philos. III. 97 It [sc. a feather] consists of such parts as Vanes towards the Beginning, but Plumules afterwards to the end. 1792 J. Leslie in tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Birds I. 36 Bridle, the plumules on the front immediately over the bill. 1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 86 Fled the last plumule of the dark, Pants up hither the spruce clerk. 1856–8 W. Clark tr. J. van der Hoeven Handbk. Zool. II. 380 Nostrils not covered by plumules. 1867 W. B. Tegetmeier Pigeons 8 The whole of the feathers of the pigeon are destitute of the small second feather or accessory plumule. 1979 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 6 Dec. c1/4 To be legitimately called down-filled, a jacket..must contain at least 80 percent down and plumules. 1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) vi. 146 Basically similar, but simpler in build, are down feathers, or plumules. They cover the entire body of the chick and underlie the contour feathers over much of the body of the adult, forming the main insulation. †b. The plumose pappus of a seed. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > calyx > pappus or appendage on seed plume1578 pappe1657 pappus1704 corona1753 coronule1806 coma1830 plumule1894 1894 S. R. Crockett Lilac Sunbonnet 46 The plumules were blowing off freely now. 3. Entomology. A small plumose organ or structure; spec. (a) an androconium of a male butterfly or moth, often having a downy tip; (b) a projection of the thorax near the base of the wing of a hoverfly (see quot. 1989). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Lepidoptera or butterflies and moths > [noun] > parts of > androconia or plumule androconium1877 plumule1890 1890 Cent. Dict. Plumule.., (a) a little plume-like organ or ornament. (b) one of the peculiar obcordate scales found on the wings of certain lepidopterous insects. 1930 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 23 140 Wings [of the hoverfly Syrphus lebanoensis] hyaline, stigma light brownish. The squamæ pale with rather long brownish pile on the edges..; the plumule with whitish hair. 1938 A. D. Imms Gen. Textbk. Entomol. (ed. 4) 435 In the males of various Lepidoptera groups of more specialized scales or androconia (plumules) occur on the upper surface of the wings. 1989 S. W. Nichols Torre-Bueno Gloss. Entomol. 561 Plumule, in adult Syrphidae (Diptera), produced posteroventral margin of subalare. Derivatives ˈplumuleless adj. rare ΚΠ 1872 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds 223 The plumuleless plumage is generally compact, with thickened, spongy rhachis. 1902 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29 51 In the plumuleless seedlings there is no upwardly directed force to bring the corm near the surface such as the plumule exerts in forcing its way through the ground. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1727
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