请输入您要查询的英文单词:

 

单词 pneuma
释义

pneuman.

Brit. /ˈnjuːmə/, U.S. /ˈn(j)umə/
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin neuma, pneuma; Greek πνεῦμα.
Etymology: < post-classical Latin neuma, pneuma melody, melisma, breath of God, Holy Spirit (see neume n.) and its etymon ancient Greek πνεῦμα wind, breath, in Hellenistic Greek also spirit, in Byzantine Greek also a sign in musical notation indicating a leap < πνεῖν (uncontracted πνέειν ) to blow, to breathe (perhaps < the same Indo-European base as fnese v.) + -μα (see -oma comb. form).With sense 1 compare Spanish pneuma (1498 or earlier; now usually neuma ). Compare neume n., neuma n., pneum n. With sense 2 compare Italian pneuma (1521), French pneuma (1824; compare Middle French neupmate (in paraclit neupmate the Holy Ghost, c1500 in an apparently isolated attestation)).
1. Early Music. (a) = neume n. 1. (b) In Byzantine chant: one of a series of signs indicating a melodic leap of a third or a fifth, ascending or descending.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > church music > plainchant > [noun] > group of notes
pneumaa1398
neume1440
neuma1776
society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > notation > [noun] > character in notation > note > plain-song notes
pneumaa1398
virgula1786
neume1843
neuma1848
pneum1879
virga1908
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > chanted > plainchant > part of plainchant
pneumaa1398
neume1440
intonation1620
antiphony1753
mediation1776
neuma1776
antiphon1778
recitation note1844
initial1880
punctum1882
mediant1930
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 326 In al general kynde is oonhede and welle þat is particuler þer Inne, as white in colours and in pneuma, sownes [L. in neumatibus tonus siue sonus].
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 412/1 Notheryus abbot of saynt galle made the sequences psalmes in stede of pneuma of alleluyas.
1880 W. S. Rockstro in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 691/2 The very essence of the Pneuma lies in its adaptation to an inarticulate sound.
1881 W. S. Rockstro in G. Grove Dict. Music III. 4/2 The Preface to the Ratisbon Gradual directs that the Pneuma shall be sung upon the vowel A.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 509 With swaying arms they wail in pneuma over the recreant Bloom.
1926 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 46 219 The laws of subordination or Hypotaxis, and a tabulation of the most important combinations (a) of ascending signs annulled by descending signs; (b) of Soma and Pneuma combinations.
1961 E. Wellesz Hist. Byzantine Mus. 17 If he wanted to give this melodic step a particular nuance..he set this sign before the Pneuma indicating a third or fifth.
2004 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 24 Sept. 40 A passage closely resembling the opening strains of Kol Nidre appears in two medieval antiphonaries where it is given as an example of a pneuma.
2. Spirit, soul, or life force; (Theology) the spirit of God; (History of Science) the invisible fluid or spirit permeating the body and forming the vital principle of health and strength according to the Pneumatic school of medicine.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > spirituality > mind, soul, spirit, heart > [noun]
wombeOE
moodeOE
heartOE
inner manc1000
soulOE
ghostOE
sprite1340
inwit1382
consciencec1384
spiritc1384
minda1387
spirtc1415
esperite1477
inward man1526
pneuma1559
esprite1591
internala1594
interior1600
entelechy1603
inside1615
psyche1648
sprit1653
citta1853
undersoul1868
Geist1871
heart-mind1959
1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus Pref. sig. Aii v Callinge it sometimes..pneuma, that is, spirit of the nature of the firmament.
1596 E. Coote Eng. Schoole-maister sig. E3 Pneuma a spirit, or breth.
1774 J. Lovett Electr. Philosopher 92 In..the chap. following are many Experiments which illustrate and confirm the reality of such an active Pneuma, or Spirit.
1845 Biblical Repertory July 395 The psyche according to the distinctions of ancient philosophy has more of affinity with the agencies of nature, than the pneuma.
1884 Pop. Sc. Monthly 24 761 [Hippocrates] taught the existence of an ‘intermediate nature’, which though distinct from the mortal Soul or pneuma, was the source of vital activity.
1894 Daily News 25 Oct. 6/2 The pneuma, the overshadowing spirit of the new man who is sought after by Angela, the Psyche or feminine principle of aspiration and intuition.
1952 G. Sarton Hist. Sci. I. xvi. 422 Plato recognized three groups of diseases... The third [group was caused] by pneuma, phlegm, and bile.
1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia I. 499/3 He [sc. Aretaeus of Cappadocia] adhered to the pneumatic school of medicine, which believed that health was maintained by ‘vital air’, or pneuma.
1992 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 30 Jan. 5/1 How Madame Blavatsky put the professor in touch with the pneuma of his adored lost child we should not ask too closely.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
<
n.a1398
随便看

 

英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2022 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2025/3/4 4:37:55