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单词 polonaise
释义

polonaisen.adj.

Brit. /ˌpɒləˈneɪz/, U.S. /ˌpɑləˈneɪz/, /ˌpoʊləˈneɪz/
Forms: 1700s polonoise, 1700s– polonaise, 1700s– polonay (in sense A. 2a, U.S., irregular), 1900s– polanaise (irregular).
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French polonaise.
Etymology: < French polonaise, feminine of polonais Polish (see polonois adj. and compare Polonois n.). Compare earlier Polonois n., polonois adj.With sense A. 1 compare French polonaise a type of dance tune (1774 in this sense; compare earlier danse polonoise the manner of dancing practised among the Poles (a1709 or earlier)), German Polonaise , †Polonoise (1729 as Polognoise ; earlier as the title of unpublished sections of works by Bach (c1725); now often Polonäse ). Compare also Polish polski , apparently superseded by polonez (1834 in this sense; < French), and also Italian polacca , alla polacca (see polacca n.). With sense A. 2 compare French polonaise part of a dress (1747 or earlier as polonoise in this sense), a kind of dress (1776; compare also robe à la polonaise (1774)), a frock coat (1813) and also à la polonaise (in habillés à la polonoise (1744 or earlier of the dress of young pages); earlier of hose (1593 as à la polognoise )). Compare also Polish polonezka a woman's garment (a1781 in this sense; < French). Compare slightly earlier Polonese n. 2 and earlier polony n.2 With sense A. 2c compare Polonese coat n. at Polonese adj. In sense A. 3 after French Polonaise (1777 or earlier as Polonoise in this sense). With senses A. 4 and B. 1 compare French à la polonaise in the Polish style (1685 or earlier as à la polonoise in this sense), garnished with a topping consisting of hard-boiled egg yolks, parsley or herbs and breadcrumbs fried in butter (1803). Several explanations have been offered for senses A. 5 and B. 2; compare quot. 1962 at sense B. 2, which refers to Prince Władysław Czartoryski (1828–94), who apparently showed pieces from the family's collection, including a polonaise carpet, at exhibitions in Paris in 1865 and 1878. In form polonay arising as an analogical singular (compare also note at Polonese n.).
A. n.
1. A slow, stately dance of Polish origin, consisting chiefly of an intricate march or procession of the dancers in couples. Also: the music which accompanies this dance; an instrumental piece written in the dance's characteristic triple-time rhythm.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > slow or stately dance > [noun] > specific
pavanea1510
passamezzo1568
passy-measure1597
saraband1631
minuet1672
cerebrand1677
minaway1688
gavotte1696
passepied1696
minuetto1724
polonaise1740
polacca1804
minuetinga1847
varsovienne1859
varsoviana1860
Paduan1880
slow drag1911
strut1937
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > dance music > [noun] > folk or country dance > Polish
polonaise1740
polacca1804
polskaa1822
mazurka1854
1740 G. F. Handel Twelve Grand Concertos in Seven Parts iii. 14 Polonoise, Andante.
1773 C. Burney Present State Music in Germany I. 164 The kind of music which we call Polonoise, is played quicker for dancing than at other times.
1813 Lady Burghersh Lett. (1893) 93 The ball began with polonaises, which are in fact only walking in time.
1861 Daily Tel. 22 Oct. The ball, as is usual..in Germany, commenced with a sort of general perambulation in couples. It is not dancing,..it is simply walking to the music. This solemn promenade is known as a Polonaise.
1925 Amer. Mercury May 102/2 A catch-as-catch-can rendition of that Chopin polonaise.
1989 Dance Nov. 53/2 Each group..danced two ballets apiece before joining in the sumptuous final polonaise.
2.
a. A woman's dress consisting of a tight, unboned bodice and a skirt open from the waist downwards to reveal a decorative underskirt. Now historical.Designed originally after the fashions of Polish women, the style was apparently first worn in England in c1770 (but cf. earlier Polonese n. 2).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > dress, robe, or gown > types of > shirt-waist dress > polonaise
Polonese1755
polonaise1773
Polonian1792
1773 Mrs. Harris in Private Lett. Ld. Malmesbury (1870) I. 266 The four ladies were to be dressed in white polonaises.
1835 World of Fashion Feb. 35/1 The Polonaise, is a very becoming carriage dress. The form resembles a short pelisse.
1899 Daily News 15 Apr. 8/5 There is one point of difference between the modern polonaise and its ancestor... The former is rigidly tight, and plain about the hips.
1920 E. Wharton Age of Innocence xvii. 151 She had on a black velvet polonaise with jet buttons.
1992 A. Kurzweil Case of Curiosities xxix. 188 The tasseled polonaise was produced by a colony of Italian silkworms.
b. A similar garment worn by young boys; = polony n.2 Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > coat > types of > long
side-coata1382
longcoat1538
jubbah1548
polony1722
polonaise1819
jibbah1848
achkan1911
1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose ix, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. IV. 196 This dress..bore some resemblance to that called a Polonaise, still worn by children in Scotland of the lower rank.
c. A short, military-style overcoat for men, popular in the early 19th cent. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > coat > types of > overcoat > types of
pee1483
shuba1598
surtout1686
wrap-rascal1716
pea-jacket1717
box coat1718
toggy1742
jockey-coata1745
redingote1770
Polonese coat1774
pea coat1790
spencer1795
grego1809
benjamin1810
bang-up1835
pilot jacket1839
pilot coat1840
Petersham1842
taglioni1843
Chesterfield1852
siphonia1853
raglan1857
Inverness overcoat1865
immensikoff1870
Ulster1876
ulsterette1881
coat1889
polonaise1890
covert coata1893
benny1903
macfarlane1920
1890 Cent. Dict. Polonaise,..A kind of overcoat, short and usually faced and bordered with fur, worn by men who affected a semi-military dress during the first quarter of the nineteenth century.
d. A fabric made from a mixture of silk and cotton. Now chiefly historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from mixed fibres > [noun] > cotton and silk
soosy1621
satinette1706
satinade1728
foulard1785
satin turk1787
satinetta1820
satin sheeting1879
seal-cloth1881
laventine1893
polonaise1894
silkette1895
1894 J. E. Davis Elem. Mod. Dressmaking v. 93 Polonaise, a mixture of silk and cotton, which has the appearance of a soft dull silk with a distinct serge-like twill, is very much used as a skirt-lining for rich materials.
1896 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 23 Apr. 4/6 Shot Silk Polonaises very effective for trimming 1s, 3d.
1932 G. Heyer Devil's Cub x. 152 Lady Fanny..in a négligée of Irish polonaise, with a gauze apron.
1967 Times 17 Apr. 7/2 She wears a rose satin gown of Ottoman silk polonaise.
3. A female native or inhabitant of Poland; a Polish woman. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1807 R. Wilson Diary 11 Apr. in Life (1862) II. 176 The Countess Malawitz—a Polonaise—is the object of his regard.
1825 Sandusky (Ohio) Clarion 19 Mar. She caught the hand of the Polonaise, and pressed it fervently to her lips.
1849 Littell's Living Age 21 Apr. 128/1 The portrait drawn by Estrées of the graces of the Polonaise, had remained engraved on the heart of the young monarch.
2001 Oxf. Amer. Mar.–Apr. 62/2 [In Poland] I found more beautiful women per block than in Paris or New York, and not just the blue-eyed, golden-haired Polonaise of legend, but sloe-eyed sirens and raven-haired girls with high Tartar cheekbones.
4. Cookery. A dish cooked in a Polish style, esp. a boiled or steamed vegetable garnished with topping consisting of hard-boiled egg yolks, parsley, and breadcrumbs fried in butter; (also) this topping, (more widely) breadcrumbs fried in butter. Frequently in à la polonaise.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > [adverb] > prepared in specific style
à la reine1723
à la Portugaise1793
au naturel1817
à la polonaise1834
à la Florentine1911
1769 B. Clermont tr. Professed Cook (ed. 2) I. 40 (heading) Sauce à la Polonoise. A Polish sauce.]
1834 J. Porter Carême's Royal Parisian Pastrycook 51 Casserole of Rice à la Polonaise. Chop a sufficient quantity of the meat of partridges, pheasants, young rabbits or leverets, together with some mushrooms.
1867 P. Blot Hand-bk. Pract. Cookery 107 Polonaise [sauce].—Put four ounces of butter in a saucepan on the fire, and when melted add two or three tablespoonfuls of the soft part of bread;..stir for about one minute, salt to taste, and use. Like the Parisienne, it is used with game.
1895 J. L. W. Thudichum Cookery iv. 83 À la Polonaise is applied to every effort to introduce red beetroot or red cabbage, their juice, colour, and taste, into various dishes.
1957 Sunday Times Signal (Zanesville, Ohio) 18 Aug. 23 c/3 Polonaise is a glamor name given to a rather simple sauce. In this adaptation..fine bread crumbs and hard cooked eggs are stirred into melted butter.
1965 House & Garden Dec. 84/2 Polonaise, lightly fried breadcrumbs used in among other ingredients and not just as a topping or garnish.
2000 Polish-Amer. Jrnl. 1 May 6 They are cooked whole..in boiling salted water and garnished with Polonaise (butter-browned bread crumbs).
2003 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 30 Mar. (Mag.) c27 They tasted good, too, when..baked a la Polonaise (with a topping of chopped hard-cooked egg yolk, parsley and breadcrumbs).
5. A polonaise rug or carpet.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > floor-covering > [noun] > rug > Persian or Iranian
Mir1900
Sarouk1900
Saraband1901
Sehna1901
Kashan1905
Afshar1909
Bakhtiari1922
Kashgai1922
Feraghan1929
polonaise1930
Ispahan1931
Qum1962
1930 A. U. Pope Introd. Persian Art v. 140 These [sc. rugs] exhibit often an even more lavish use of silver and gold than the Polonaise.
1962 C. W. Jacobsen Oriental Rugs 206 This Hereke, I would have called a Polonaise, but Mr. Norell has definite information that it was woven in Hereke.
1993 Independent (Nexis) 3 May 5 A 17th-century silk and metal thread carpet of the type known as a ‘Polonaise’.
B. adj.
1. Cookery. as postmodifier: designating various dishes cooked in a supposedly Polish style, esp. a dish consisting of a boiled vegetable topped with a mixture of hard-boiled egg yolk, herbs, and breadcrumbs fried in butter.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > [adjective] > prepared in regional style
Florentine1747
Provençale1841
polonaise1843
Lyonnais1846
Provençal1876
Strasbourgeois1878
Niçoise1884
Portugaise1907
Szechuan1945
Perigourdine1951
caprese1970
1843 E. Leslie in Rural Repository 13 July 188/2 I made a great Charlotte Polonaise, and covered it with a meringue, so that it looked like a hill of snow. A Charlotte Russe is contemptible compared to a Charlotte Polonaise.
1865 Mrs. Goodfellow's Cookery As It Should Be 310 Some persons prefer a charlotte polonaise to a ‘charlotte russe’, as it has a more delicate and more decided flavour.
1950 E. Brunet tr. L. Saulnier Répertoire de la Cuisine 199 (heading) Asparagus..Polonaise.—Dished in rows, sprinkle with hard boiled eggs and parsley chopped, pour over some bread crumbs tossed in butter nicely browned.
1969 G. Payton Proper Names 355/1 Polonaise (Cooking), with beetroot and sour cream.
1992 Daily Mail (Nexis) 4 Aug. 22 Main Course: Pan-fried scampi, lobster sauce, noisette potatoes, cauliflower polonaise.
2. Designating a Persian rug or carpet made in the 16th and 17th centuries using silver and gold warp threads.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > floor-covering > [adjective] > type of rug
Kurdistan1865
Anatolian1882
Ghiordes1900
Yomud1900
polonaise1911
Afshar1931
Mudjur1931
Qum1953
1898 Times 30 Nov. 11/4 Many pieces of what is called Perso-Polonaise work, which is believed to have been made in Poland, by a Persian colony.]
1911 G. G. Lewis Pract. Bk. Oriental Rugs xxi. 322 According to Dr. Valentiner the so-called Polanaise [sic] and Ispahan rugs belong to the 17th century.
1962 C. W. Jacobsen Oriental Rugs 272 All Polonaise rugs belong to the 17th century, particularly the first half. The name Polonaise dates from the Paris exposition in 1878, when several rugs of this type were exhibited by Prince Czartorski of Warsaw.
1984 Times 18 Oct. 2/8 Polonaise carpets were among the most luxurious products of the Persian court factories of the seventeenth century.

Derivatives

polonaise-wise adv. Obsolete rare in the manner of a polonaise (in various senses).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [adverb]
a belefc1400
scarf-wise1581
jacket-wise1587
baldric-wise1590
foldedly1613
scarfways1653
beltwisea1667
polonaise-wise1888
toga-wise1902
stolewise1922
slinkily1935
society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > slow or stately dance > [adverb] > polonaise
polonaise-wise1888
1888 Times (Weekly ed.) 10 Feb. 1/3 The ball is opened by their Majesties and their Court parading round the house in polonaise-wise.
1898 Westm. Gaz. 5 May 3/2 A cherry red voile set in deep tucks placed polonaise-wise on the skirt.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

polonaisev.

Brit. /ˌpɒləˈneɪz/, U.S. /ˌpɑləˈneɪz/, /ˌpoʊləˈneɪz/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: polonaise n.
Etymology: < polonaise n.
intransitive. To dance a polonaise.figurative in quot. 1828.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > slow or stately dance > dance [verb (intransitive)] > specific dances
gavotte1819
polonaise1828
minuet1890
slow-drag1934
strut1975
1828 T. De Quincey Elements Rhetoric in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 893/1 Milton..polonaises with a grand Castilian air, in paces too sequacious and processional.
1858 G. Bloomfield Reminisc. (1883) II. xiv. 64 After the presentations..Her Royal Highness polonaised with twenty-two Princes.
1995 Rocky Mountain News (Denver) (Nexis) 24 Dec. 8 d A parade of her newly adopted students at the company's ballet academy polonaised onstage.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.1740v.1828
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