| 释义 |
beestingsn. Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: beest n., -ing suffix1. Etymology: Apparently < beest n. + -ing suffix1. However, the suffix does not usually cause i-mutation in Old English, and an alternative deverbal derivation from an unattested Old English weak Class I verb *bīestan to yield beest, is perhaps to be preferred. Now usually in plural form (except as modifier), which is sometimes construed as a collective singular.Old English (late West Saxon) bȳsting (see α. forms) reflects early West Saxon *bīesting , showing i-mutation of the inherited diphthong īo (Germanic iu ), subject to mutation only in West Saxon; in Mercian unmutated īo merged with ēo , and the expected form of the word would be *bēosting , the antecedent of the β. forms (including the modern standard form). The later regional α. forms appear to reflect the West Saxon mutated form (with unrounded Middle English ī subsequently diphthongized to /aɪ/ by the operation of the Great Vowel Shift), although they have spread well beyond the original West Saxon dialect area (several forms show characteristic west midland rounding of the first element of the diphthong /aɪ/ > /ɔɪ/). Surv. Eng. Dial. records pronunciations indicative of such forms from Shropshire, Staffordshire, Leicestershire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Warwickshire, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire, and Wiltshire. The development of the γ. forms is unclear; they may show alteration of the β. forms after verbs in -en suffix5 and verbal nouns formed from them. Surv. Eng. Dial. records such forms chiefly from the east midlands and East Anglia; they are also attested in Wales, southern Scotland, and Ulster. The δ. forms show alteration of the ending after nouns in -ling suffix1. Surv. Eng. Dial. records such forms from the north of England, the east midlands and East Anglia. For the ε. forms see note below. The ζ. forms reflect simplification of the medial consonant cluster of one or more of the other form types. Plural forms with final -s are first attested from the second half of the 15th cent.; compare (also denoting types of milk) afterings n. 3, strokings (see stroking n. 2), both first attested in early modern English. Specific forms. The digraph uo in the early Middle English form buostinge at β. forms (from a manuscript with a Shropshire provenance) apparently represents a mid front rounded vowel, the regular west midland and south-western reflex of Old English ēo (and hence reflects the Mercian form *bēosting ). The modern Kentish form biskins at β. forms shows dissimilation of t to k . The form boistlings at δ. forms has the vocalization of the α. forms, as also the form boistering at ε. forms with further alteration of the suffix (perhaps after verbs in -er suffix5 and verbal nouns formed from them). With singular or plural agreement. the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > [noun] > milk > beestings OE (2011) 19 Colustrum, bysting, ðicce meolc. lOE (Corpus Cambr.) xiii. 451 Cuhyrde gebyreð, þæt he hæbbe ealdre cu meolc vii niht, syððan heo nige cealfod hæfð, & frymetlinge bystinge xiiii niht. ?c1475 (BL Add. 15562) f. 13 Bestyng [1483 BL Add. 89074 a Bestynge], hoc Colustrum. 1574 T. Newton tr. G. Gratarolo 32 The thicke and curdie Milke..commonly called Biestings, is very dangerous. 1611 R. Cotgrave Colostre, the first milke, tearmed beest, or beestings. a1637 B. Jonson Pans Anniv. 263 in (1640) III Both the beestning of our Goates, and Kine. a1642 H. Best (1984) 13 An Ewe is sayd to give beastlings 3 or 4 dayes. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil 104 Who fill'd the Pail with Beestings of the Cow. View more context for this quotation a1722 E. Lisle (1757) 353 Roman writers on husbandry forbid the colastra or beastings to be given to the calf. 1834 P. H. Chavasse 34 During the early period of suckling the milk is very thick and creamy, similar to the boistings of a cow. 1844 H. Stephens II. 458 The first milk that comes from the cow after calving is of a thick consistence and yellow colour, and is called biestings. 1887 at Beestings Mod. Northampt. Dial., We shall have some biznings tomorrow for a custard. 1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard 15 Boistins, the first milk given by a cow after calving. 1950 July 4/2 The [cow's] first milk known as colostrum or ‘beastings’ contains substances which increase a calf's resistance to scours. 2001 C. Chinn & S. Thorne 49 Boistings, first milk drawn from the udder of a cow after calving. 2015 (Nexis) 13 Feb. When we had a milking herd, John would leave the calves with their Mum for the first day or two to ensure they got all the immunity they could via the beestings. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders caused by poisons > [noun] > by infected food 1607 E. Topsell 22 It breedeth in their mouthes the colostracion or Beestings. Compounds1655 Duchess of Newcastle 165 The Spring Vapour, which is the rising Vapour, is like the Beesting Milk. 1787 F. Grose Beestling-pudding, puding [sic] made of beest. 1839 July 450/1 I do not think the Americans make either beastin scones or cheese of the milk of the newly-calved cows. 1881 Ld. Tennyson xx A beslings-puddin' an' Adam's wine. 1924 J. H. Wilkinson 71 The milkman usually apportions beestlin' milk to his customers. 1940 May 63 In the Eastern Counties the beslings custards are a much more important affair, and, baked in a crust, are a delicacy. 2012 23 July 22/6 Mrs Boxer's book is a homage to the riches of this tradition. It exudes the smells and tastes of jugged hare and mutton, oysters galore,..Beestings pudding. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online December 2021). <  n.OE |
