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单词 polled
释义

polledadj.1

Brit. /pəʊld/, U.S. /poʊld/
Forms: Middle English pollede, Middle English pollid, Middle English pollyd, Middle English– polled, 1500s pould, 1500s poulde, 1500s pouled, 1500s–1600s pold, 1500s–1600s polde, 1500s–1600s (1800s English regional (Suffolk)) powled, 1600s poled, 1800s poud (English regional (Yorkshire)).
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: poll v., -ed suffix1.
Etymology: < poll v. + -ed suffix1.Earlier currency is perhaps implied by the place name Polledefeld (1283; now Polefields, Kent). Compare also English regional (Lancashire) pown shaven, cropped (alteration of polled (compare β forms at poll n.1), with suffix substitution: see -en suffix6):?1875 ‘Lancashire Lad’ Takin' th' New Yer In 9 As mad as a pown haund.
1. Of a person or animal: having the hair cut short; shorn, shaven; (of the hair) cut off, cropped. Now archaic or regional.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > [adjective] > cut short
shornc1050
polleda1325
ydoddeda1400
rounded?a1439
nottedc1440
gallows-rounded1567
stubbed1627
well-cropped1805
well-shaven1842
bobbed1918
Eton-cropped1925
crew-cropped1938
crew cut1940
urchin cut1951
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > people with styles of hair > [adjective] > cut or shaved
nottOE
shavenc1330
rounded?a1439
clipped1483
poll-shorn1556
notched1597
nott-pated1598
well-shaved1600
shaveling1607
nott-headed1612
cropped-eared1641
round-headed1641
polled1653
crop-eared1680
lop-eared1798
shaved1837
crop-headed1842
county-cropped1849
cropped1856
colled1877
crop-haired1879
prison-cropped1882
bob-haired1923
bobbed-haired1928
bobbed-hair1953
slap-headed1994
a1325 St. Benedict (Corpus Cambr.) 82 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 124 (MED) He sei a lite blac polled grom nyme þe monk bi þe sleue..Þe pollede boye vlei anon.
c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 216 (MED) Neptanabus in þe weye stood myd polled [a1425 Linc. Inn pollid] heued.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Job i. 20 Joob..to-rente hise clothis, and with pollid [a1382 Douce 369(1) shauen; L. tonso] heed he felde doun on the erthe.
1555 R. Eden tr. S. von Herberstein Rerum moscouiticarum commentarii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 299v Men of meane stature, with..roughe and thyck beardes, and poulde heades.
1583 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (ed. 4) I. 1268/1 A man of talle stature, polled headed, and on the same a rounde Frenche cappe of the best.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. xxiii. sig. Dd5 These pouled lockes of mine.
1633 W. Prynne Histrio-mastix i. v. 203 Lewd Adulteresses and notorious Whores, (as many polled Nonnes and shorne-frizled English Maddames are).
1653 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis (rev. ed.) viii. 144 In the Province Cusco,..are those Auriti or great Ear'd Men,..who alwaies goe poled.
1824 W. Carr Horæ Momenta Cravenæ i. 15 Ther short poud heeads, 'bout powther.
1931 T. S. Moore Poems 305 Judas stared upon his father's face, Hueless, and framed by close-polled hair and beard.
1971 D. Dunnett Ringed Castle xiii. 285 A chief..with a flat face and a beard, and his black hair allowed to grow curling over his ears, unlike the polled heads of inferiors.
2. Plundered, pillaged. Cf. poll v. 5a. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > spoliation or depredation > [adjective] > despoiled
spoiledc1440
ravisheda1500
pilled?1518
polled1538
rifled1563
despoiled1576
pillaged1629
plundered1639
fleeceda1800
spoliated1815
spulyied1838
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Compilati, polled by extorcion.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Polled or brybed, compilatus, exactus.
3. Originally of a male deer: that has cast its antlers. Later of a domestic animal: hornless; that has been dehorned; belonging to a hornless breed. Cf. pollard n.2 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > head and neck > [adjective] > having horns > not having horns
hornless1398
unhorned1570
polled1577
mugged1588
notted1591
poll1732
poley1827
mulled1835
akeratophorous1856
butt-headed1873
1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. viii. f.109/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I They cast there theyr hornes, and..remayne polled without any hornes at all.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 633 The horned beast..is apter to fight then the polde sheepe, and also more luxurious among the Ewes.
1758 R. Brown Compl. Farmer (1759) 32 The polled sheep (that is sheep without horns) are reckoned the best breeders.
1797 T. M. in A. Young Gen. View Agric. Suffolk 180 (note) The true Suffolk polled cow.
1835 W. Kirby On Power of God in Creation of Animals I. ii. 59 Some varieties of the common ox are polled.
1867 W. McCombie Cattle iv. 138 Mr. Lyell..has a very good herd of polled Angus cattle.
1909 J. Wilson Evol. Brit. Cattle v. 57 The Sutherland polled cattle are long extinct.
1940 J. Hammond Farm Animals viii. 149 If we mate a polled red Aberdeen Angus bull to a Shorthorn cow we shall obtain polled calves.
2003 Belfast News Let. (Nexis) 19 July 19 Back in 2000..he did purchase two Dorset Horns to found the Redhill Dorset Horn flock which runs alongside the polled Dorset flock.
4. Of a tree: pollarded. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [adjective] > pruned or lopped
doddedc1440
lopped1570
stubbed1575
polled1587
pollard1638
putatory1656
sneddedc1700
topped1712
pollarded?1790
lopping1795
spurring-in1829
summer-pruned1830
trunkless1897
1587 J. Hooker tr. Giraldus Cambrensis Vaticinall Hist. Conquest Ireland i. xxxvi. 24/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II By reason they had beene so long couered,..buried vnder the sands, they stood as trunked and polled trees.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Fustée Bois de fustée, branchlesse wood; naked, or powled trees.
1792 F. Stone Exam. E. Burke's Refl. Revol. France 33 Your stinted, lopped, polled tree of ‘regulated liberty’, planted in the garden of the establishment.
1827 S. B. H. Judah Buccaneers II. iv. iii. 281 Here and there at the side of the way, were interspersed..the scarred trunks of a stunted polled willow.
1894 Times 31 Mar. 16/2 We have mile after mile of miserable, depressing polled hornbeam.
1946 Vidette-Messenger (Valparaiso, Indiana) 25 July 3/1 A polled oak common in Windsor, where the Britons used to hold meetings.
1995 Afr. Lang. & Cult. (Suppl.) 2 80/2 Úmu|sáilwá, polled tree.
5. Of wheat: awnless. Cf. pollard adj. 1. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [adjective] > of cereal plants > awnless or beardless
notted1603
polled1765
1765 Museum Rusticum 4 lxiii. 285 I wish I had it in my power to satisfy E. S. concerning the pollard wheat he mentions; but I can learn nothing of it, unless it is a bearded great wheat, which, in Suffolk, they formerly let stand in the field till the awns dropped off, and then they called it poll'd wheat.
1799 J. Banister Synopsis Husbandry ii. i. 56 Of wheat there are two different species cultivated in this kingdom; namely the smooth or polled wheat, and that with a rough or bearded ear.
6. Brought to or recorded at a poll; having voted at an election. Also (in later use): included in an opinion poll. Cf. earlier unpolled adj. 2b.
ΚΠ
1807 Hist. Westminster & Middlesex Elections 414 (heading) A Polled Freeholder's Letter to the Independent Freeholders of Middlesex.
1869 Saint Pauls Jan. 408 (table) 110 English Boroughs polled votes..1868..525,502 against 1865..256,492.
1988 D. P. Fan Predict. Public Opinion from Mass Media iii. 40 It is only necessary that all AP dispatches on a given polled topic have the same prominence.
1994 J. Berman Diaries to Eng. Professor ii. 28 Close to 100 percent of the polled students have reported they were honest in their own diaries.
2008 T. R. Marshall Public Opinion & Rehnquist Court vii. 127 The Rehnquist Court averaged a 33% favorable ranking and ranked third of nine frequently polled institutions.

Compounds

polled deed n. Obsolete rare = poll deed n.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal document > types of legal or official document > [noun] > deed > executed by single party
poll deed1523
deed poll1588
polled deed1706
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Polled Deed. See Deed-poll.
1708 tr. J. Cowell Law Dict. at Deed A Polled Deed is a Deed testifying that only one of the Parties to the Bargain, hath put his seal thereto.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

polledadj.2

Brit. /pəʊld/, U.S. /poʊld/
Forms: 1700s poled, 1700s pow'd (Scottish), 1700s– polled.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: poll n.1, -ed suffix2.
Etymology: < poll n.1 + -ed suffix2.
Now regional.
As the second element in adjectival combinations: having a head of a specified form, appearance, or colour, as curly-polled, etc.Now only used of animals. See also carroty-polled at carroty adj. Compounds, doddy-polled adj. at doddypoll n. Derivatives, patch-polled coot n. at patch n.1 Compounds, red-polled adj.1
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > top of head > [adjective]
pated1542
polled1728
vertical1826
coronal1828
1728 A. Ramsay Miser & Minos in Fables & Tales 31 The three-pow'd dog of hell Gowl'd terrible a triple yell; Which rouz'd the snaky Sisters three.
1795 H. Summersett Fate of Sedley I. 59 I would as soon marry a curly-poled nymph from Otaheite.
1857 C. Dickens Little Dorrit ii. xxxii. 608 A bare-polled, goggle-eyed, bigheaded, lumbering personage stood staring at him.
1875 J. G. Wood Man & Beast 65/1 One tall, tan-skinned, black-haired, curly-polled fellow.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 513 Staggering Bob, a white polled calf, thrusts a ruminating head..through the foliage.
1970 Condor 72 95/1 The Black-polled Yellowthroat..is a little known species [of bird].
2000 Land (N. Richmond, New S. Wales) 1 June 52/5 This year's team of seven, clean-polled herd improvers were among the best teams offered by his family.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.1a1325adj.21728
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