polygenesisn.

Brit.

/ˌpɒlɪˈdʒɛnᵻsɪs/, U.S.

/ˌpɑliˈdʒɛnəsəs/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: poly- comb. form, genesis n.

Etymology: < poly- comb. form + genesis n. Compare polygenesic adj., polygenesist n., polygenetic adj., polygenist n., polygenistic adj. at polygenist n. and adj. Derivatives, polygenous adj., polygeny n.¹ Compare also monogenesis n.

I. Technical uses.

1. Linguistics. The hypothetical origination of language from a number of independent sources; a hypothesis proposing such an origin. Cf. monogenesis n. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > [noun] > linguistic change > theories of

polygenesis1863

Wellentheorie1886

substratum theory1923

neo-linguistics1931

wave theory1933

monogenesis1936

Stammbaumtheorie1954

1863 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 448 While the primitive homogeneity of language precludes us from accepting any doctrine of polygenesis, its primitive indefiniteness is..inconsistent with the theory of a unity of origin.

1936 Sci. & Society 1 23 At various times scholars have raised the question of monogenesis as opposed to polygenesis of human speech: whether it had a single origin at a given time and place..or whether it was independently evolved by different branches of the human family.

1979 Amer. Speech 1978 53 247 My gut feeling is that radical polygenesis is impossible.

1994 J. Edwards Multilingualism (1995) ii. 16 Was there one original language (the principle of monogenesis) or did several emerge simultaneously in different places (polygenesis)?

a. Ethnology. The origination of humankind from a number of different ancestors; spec. the independent origin of the different races; a hypothesis proposing such an origin. Now historical. Cf. monogenesis n. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > theories > [noun] > of origin or development of life

epigenesis1653

intelligent design1816

vitalism1822

ovarism1857

panspermy1857

creationism1860

monadism1860

nomogeny1868

thaumatogeny1868

biogenesis1870

panspermism1870

biogeny1871

polygenesis1871

panspermatism1874

monism1880

ovism1892

neo-vitalism1895

creation science1970

1871–2 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. N.Y. 1 30 Morton..perfected his method of measurement of skulls, completed his description of American types, and vigorously upheld the doctrine of polygenesis, (diverse origins).

1901 Science 27 Dec. 997/2 The leading question before the anthropologist of to-day is that relating to the trend of human development and its bearing on the alternatives..of monogenesis and polygenesis.

1929 Man 29 145/1 According to Montandon, the theory of hologenesis reconciles the two great theories of monogenesis and polygenesis.

1968 M. Harris Rise Anthropol. Theory (1969) iv. 90 A vigorous defense of polygenesis lay at the very heart of what was the first distinctive school of anthropology to flourish in the United States.

2001 V. Prashad Everybody was Kung Fu Fighting i. 26 It goes without saying that polygenesis, or separate creations for the so-called races, made absolute sense to the likes of Roosevelt.

†b. Biology. The origin of a race or species from cells or embryos of different kinds. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > descent from independent ancestors

polygeny1865

polygenesis1882

polyphylesis1897

polyphyly1909

polyphyletism1936

1882 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (new ed.) Polygenesis, in biol., the doctrine that beings have their origin in many cells or embryos of different kinds.

c. Biology. The origin of a species from a number of independent ancestors or in different places.

ΚΠ

1904 F. E. Clements in Bot. Surv. Nebraska No. 7. 72 Polygenesis may be formally defined as the origin of one species from another species at two or more distinct places.., or its origin in the same place at different times.

1908 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35 357 It seems very likely that in this class of plants we may have many examples of polygenesis, i.e., of a single species originating independently at several or many different places.

1910 Times 9 Dec. 14/3 Probability would appear to be against the monogenetic development of life... The possibility of there having been vital polygenesis seemed worthy of being filed for further consideration.

1928 Jrnl. Ecol. 16 23 Faurea Macnaughtonii..has a markedly discontinuous distribution in southern Africa... Its presence in the Transkei and Gouna (Knysna) are due to polygenesis having taken place.

3. Soil Science and Geology. The origin of a soil or rock from more than one source.

ΚΠ

1952 Q. Rev. Biol. 27 163/1 An assessment..has been purposely deferred until the question of soil evolution and polygenesis had been considered.

1990 Chinese Jrnl. Geochem. 9 304 This type of ore deposits is a typical example to verify the polygenesis of most of the deposits in China.

1993 Jrnl. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. 57 1041 We speculate that the polygenesis of soils in the study area is related to climatic fluctuations since the mid-Pleistocene.

II. General uses.

4. Generation or development from a number of independent origins, sources, or causes; a theory proposing this.

ΚΠ

1892 N. Smyth Christian Ethics 43 Much modern philosophy..falls unawares into polygenesis in its theory of the origin of the soul.

1934 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 40 420 He believes in the polygenesis of crime, with special emphasis on the fundamental importance of our whole socio-economic system in this connection.

1941 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 45 111/2 The discussion in this article raises again the possibility of polygenesis of tales.

1992 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 17 Dec. 16/2 Perhaps the resemblances are the result of what a folklorist would call polygenesis: similar human situations tend to produce similar stories.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	polygenesis
释义	polygenesisn. Brit. /ˌpɒlɪˈdʒɛnᵻsɪs/, U.S. /ˌpɑliˈdʒɛnəsəs/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: poly- comb. form, genesis n. Etymology: < poly- comb. form + genesis n. Compare polygenesic adj., polygenesist n., polygenetic adj., polygenist n., polygenistic adj. at polygenist n. and adj. Derivatives, polygenous adj., polygeny n.¹ Compare also monogenesis n. I. Technical uses. 1. Linguistics. The hypothetical origination of language from a number of independent sources; a hypothesis proposing such an origin. Cf. monogenesis n. 4. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > [noun] > linguistic change > theories of polygenesis1863 Wellentheorie1886 substratum theory1923 neo-linguistics1931 wave theory1933 monogenesis1936 Stammbaumtheorie1954 1863 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 448 While the primitive homogeneity of language precludes us from accepting any doctrine of polygenesis, its primitive indefiniteness is..inconsistent with the theory of a unity of origin. 1936 Sci. & Society 1 23 At various times scholars have raised the question of monogenesis as opposed to polygenesis of human speech: whether it had a single origin at a given time and place..or whether it was independently evolved by different branches of the human family. 1979 Amer. Speech 1978 53 247 My gut feeling is that radical polygenesis is impossible. 1994 J. Edwards Multilingualism (1995) ii. 16 Was there one original language (the principle of monogenesis) or did several emerge simultaneously in different places (polygenesis)? 2. a. Ethnology. The origination of humankind from a number of different ancestors; spec. the independent origin of the different races; a hypothesis proposing such an origin. Now historical. Cf. monogenesis n. 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > theories > [noun] > of origin or development of life epigenesis1653 intelligent design1816 vitalism1822 ovarism1857 panspermy1857 creationism1860 monadism1860 nomogeny1868 thaumatogeny1868 biogenesis1870 panspermism1870 biogeny1871 polygenesis1871 panspermatism1874 monism1880 ovism1892 neo-vitalism1895 creation science1970 1871–2 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. N.Y. 1 30 Morton..perfected his method of measurement of skulls, completed his description of American types, and vigorously upheld the doctrine of polygenesis, (diverse origins). 1901 Science 27 Dec. 997/2 The leading question before the anthropologist of to-day is that relating to the trend of human development and its bearing on the alternatives..of monogenesis and polygenesis. 1929 Man 29 145/1 According to Montandon, the theory of hologenesis reconciles the two great theories of monogenesis and polygenesis. 1968 M. Harris Rise Anthropol. Theory (1969) iv. 90 A vigorous defense of polygenesis lay at the very heart of what was the first distinctive school of anthropology to flourish in the United States. 2001 V. Prashad Everybody was Kung Fu Fighting i. 26 It goes without saying that polygenesis, or separate creations for the so-called races, made absolute sense to the likes of Roosevelt. †b. Biology. The origin of a race or species from cells or embryos of different kinds. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > descent from independent ancestors polygeny1865 polygenesis1882 polyphylesis1897 polyphyly1909 polyphyletism1936 1882 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (new ed.) Polygenesis, in biol., the doctrine that beings have their origin in many cells or embryos of different kinds. c. Biology. The origin of a species from a number of independent ancestors or in different places. ΚΠ 1904 F. E. Clements in Bot. Surv. Nebraska No. 7. 72 Polygenesis may be formally defined as the origin of one species from another species at two or more distinct places.., or its origin in the same place at different times. 1908 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35 357 It seems very likely that in this class of plants we may have many examples of polygenesis, i.e., of a single species originating independently at several or many different places. 1910 Times 9 Dec. 14/3 Probability would appear to be against the monogenetic development of life... The possibility of there having been vital polygenesis seemed worthy of being filed for further consideration. 1928 Jrnl. Ecol. 16 23 Faurea Macnaughtonii..has a markedly discontinuous distribution in southern Africa... Its presence in the Transkei and Gouna (Knysna) are due to polygenesis having taken place. 3. Soil Science and Geology. The origin of a soil or rock from more than one source. ΚΠ 1952 Q. Rev. Biol. 27 163/1 An assessment..has been purposely deferred until the question of soil evolution and polygenesis had been considered. 1990 Chinese Jrnl. Geochem. 9 304 This type of ore deposits is a typical example to verify the polygenesis of most of the deposits in China. 1993 Jrnl. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. 57 1041 We speculate that the polygenesis of soils in the study area is related to climatic fluctuations since the mid-Pleistocene. II. General uses. 4. Generation or development from a number of independent origins, sources, or causes; a theory proposing this. ΚΠ 1892 N. Smyth Christian Ethics 43 Much modern philosophy..falls unawares into polygenesis in its theory of the origin of the soul. 1934 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 40 420 He believes in the polygenesis of crime, with special emphasis on the fundamental importance of our whole socio-economic system in this connection. 1941 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 45 111/2 The discussion in this article raises again the possibility of polygenesis of tales. 1992 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 17 Dec. 16/2 Perhaps the resemblances are the result of what a folklorist would call polygenesis: similar human situations tend to produce similar stories. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1863
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