polytypicadj.

Brit.

/ˌpɒlɪˈtɪpɪk/, U.S.

/ˌpɑliˈtɪpɪk/

Origin: A borrowing from French, combined with an English element. Etymons: French polytype , -ic suffix.

Etymology: < French polytype encompassing many species (1842; < poly- poly- comb. form + type type n.) + -ic suffix. Compare monotypic adj.

a. Taxonomy. Of a taxon: including several taxa of the next lower rank.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > variety > [adjective]

sunderlyeOE

manifoldeOE

selcoutha1000

felefoldc1000

mislichOE

alkinOE

manykinOE

fele-kync1175

serekina1300

sundera1325

sundrya1325

serea1340

divers1340

varyingc1340

variantc1380

muchfoldc1384

serelepesa1400

serelepya1400

multifaryc1460

sundryfoldc1460

multiplicate?a1475

variable?a1475

sundrilyc1480

diversea1542

particoloured1591

multifarious1593

Protean1594

daedal1596

choiceful1605

Daedalian1605

multiplex1606

variated1608

diversified1611

multiplicious1617

variousa1634

multivarious1636

mosaic1644

multiple1647

omnigenous1650

chequered1656

plurifarious1656

ununiform1660

variate1677

disuniform1687

Proteusian1689

unsteady1690

unequable1693

inequable1721

variegating1727

varied1733

multitudinous1744

multifold1806

polygeneous1818

unequalized1822

ruleless1836

varicoloured185.

non-uniform1856

omnigener1857

polytypic1858

multiferous1860

variatious1871

variegated1872

polytypical1890

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [adjective] > occurrence of variant forms

polymorphous1773

polytypic1858

polymorphic1859

heteromorphic1864

polytypical1890

polymorphistic1897

morphic1955

1858 J. D. Hooker Let. 14 Mar. in C. Darwin Corr. (1991) VII. 50 Had monotypic genera or oligotypic been at all materially less variable than polytypic it would not have escaped the sagacity of..Linnæus.

1878 Johnson's New Universal Cycl. IV. 376/2 The family [of shrew-mice]..is a very homogeneous one... The differences between its constituents are less than in any other of the related polytypic families.

1945 Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 85 16/2 This morphological scope may be almost entirely filled or exploited by known species if the genus has many (is polytypic).

1953 E. Mayr et al. Methods & Princ. Syst. Zool. ii. 29 Closely related allopatric forms are usually subspecies of a polytypic species.

1992 W. T. Parsons & E. G. Cuthbertson Noxious Weeds Austral. 371/2 A number of taxonomists..consider Cannabis to be a polytypic genus with at least three, and possibly more, species involved.

b. Biology. Of evolution: leading to new species by the splitting of existing ones. Cf. cladogenetic adj. at cladogenesis n. Derivatives. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > evolution > [adjective] > processes or types of evolution

high?1548

recapitulative1836

retrogressive1853

transmutational1861

ontogenetic1869

convergent1871

phylogenetic1876

correlative1877

ontogenic1878

phylogenetical1879

phytogenetic1882

monotypic1888

phytogenetical1888

polytypic1888

ontogenal1890

phylogenal1890

recapitulatory1890

tachygenetic1893

ontogenetical1894

anagenetic1896

orthogenic1896

orthogenetic1899

macroevolutionary1937

microevolutionary1937

proterogenetic1938

speciational1944

parapatric1953

cladogenetic1957

allochronic1960

stasigenetic1965

stasipatric1967

speciating1970

punctuational1976

tachygenic-

1888 J. T. Gulick in Jrnl. Linnean Soc.: Zool. 20 201 Polytypic Evolution or Divergent Evolution is any transformation of a species in which different types appear in different sections.

1907 Amer. Naturalist 41 211 Natural Selection without isolation effects monotypic evolution, and only by the aid of isolating factors of some kind results in polytypic evolution.

1975 Isis 66 495 To better describe the central problem of divergence he [sc. J. T. Gulick] introduced the phrases ‘monotypic evolution’ (the transformation of a species in a single line), and ‘polytypic evolution’ (the splitting of a single species into two or more distinct species).

2. gen. Composed of or having several types.

ΚΠ

1912 C. M. Gayley Representative Eng. Comedies p. lxxxiii Not only by its fusion of biblical characters, like Assuerus and Hester, with allegorical types, like Pride and the half-moral, half-native Vice, does the play give evidence of its polytypic nature, but by its atmosphere.

1980 J. R. Hinchliffe & D. R. Johnson Devel. Vertebr. Limb vi. 166 Fibres may be monotypic (that is, made up of one sort of unit) like collagen, or polytypic, like a muscle fibre.

1989 Brain 112 969 Whatever are the merits of classical syndromes as clinical diagnoses in neurology.., they are certainly too polytypic to serve as the elemental units of disordered language.

1996 Oceanologica Acta 19 323 Nearly all aspects of the life histories of individual marine-invertebrate species are characterized by ranges of sizes, seasonal variation, and functional flexibility..; that is, they are highly polytypic.

3. Crystallography. Exhibiting polytypism (polytypism n. 2); of the nature of a polytype.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > structures and forms > [adjective] > polytype

polytypic1944

1944 N. W. Thibault in Amer. Mineralogist 29 266 Following Baumhauer, the phenomenon is called ‘polytypism’ the adjective being ‘polytypic’ and each one of the different modifications a ‘type’.

1974 Verma & Trigundayat in C. N. R. Rao Solid State Chem. ii. 52 The list of polytypic substances includes minerals, layer silicates, chalcogenides, and several other inorganic and organic compounds.

2003 Jrnl. Physical Chem. A. 107 10470 More complex, closely spaced twins, stacking faults, and polytypic intergrowths are characteristic of coarsened H₂O-ZnS.

4. = polythetic adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [adjective] > sharing a number of characteristics

polythetic1940

polytypic1959

1959 M. Beckner Biol. Way of Thought ii. 25 Polytypic concepts are found in many branches of biological theory, but the clearest instances are afforded by taxonomy.

1961 G. G. Simpson Princ. Animal Taxon. ii. 43 The defining attributes do not appear in all individuals... The principle (which he calls ‘polytypic’) has been elucidated at greater length and in ultramodern terms by Beckner.

1995 S. O. Murray Lat. Amer. Male Homosexualities i. 5 Cross-cultural comparison needs to use polytypic classes, and not expect to be able to specify in advance what will be the combinations of ‘significant features’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	polytypic
释义	polytypicadj. Brit. /ˌpɒlɪˈtɪpɪk/, U.S. /ˌpɑliˈtɪpɪk/ Origin: A borrowing from French, combined with an English element. Etymons: French polytype , -ic suffix. Etymology: < French polytype encompassing many species (1842; < poly- poly- comb. form + type type n.) + -ic suffix. Compare monotypic adj. 1. a. Taxonomy. Of a taxon: including several taxa of the next lower rank. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > variety > [adjective] sunderlyeOE manifoldeOE selcoutha1000 felefoldc1000 mislichOE alkinOE manykinOE fele-kync1175 serekina1300 sundera1325 sundrya1325 serea1340 divers1340 varyingc1340 variantc1380 muchfoldc1384 serelepesa1400 serelepya1400 multifaryc1460 sundryfoldc1460 multiplicate?a1475 variable?a1475 sundrilyc1480 diversea1542 particoloured1591 multifarious1593 Protean1594 daedal1596 choiceful1605 Daedalian1605 multiplex1606 variated1608 diversified1611 multiplicious1617 variousa1634 multivarious1636 mosaic1644 multiple1647 omnigenous1650 chequered1656 plurifarious1656 ununiform1660 variate1677 disuniform1687 Proteusian1689 unsteady1690 unequable1693 inequable1721 variegating1727 varied1733 multitudinous1744 multifold1806 polygeneous1818 unequalized1822 ruleless1836 varicoloured185. non-uniform1856 omnigener1857 polytypic1858 multiferous1860 variatious1871 variegated1872 polytypical1890 the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [adjective] > occurrence of variant forms polymorphous1773 polytypic1858 polymorphic1859 heteromorphic1864 polytypical1890 polymorphistic1897 morphic1955 1858 J. D. Hooker Let. 14 Mar. in C. Darwin Corr. (1991) VII. 50 Had monotypic genera or oligotypic been at all materially less variable than polytypic it would not have escaped the sagacity of..Linnæus. 1878 Johnson's New Universal Cycl. IV. 376/2 The family [of shrew-mice]..is a very homogeneous one... The differences between its constituents are less than in any other of the related polytypic families. 1945 Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 85 16/2 This morphological scope may be almost entirely filled or exploited by known species if the genus has many (is polytypic). 1953 E. Mayr et al. Methods & Princ. Syst. Zool. ii. 29 Closely related allopatric forms are usually subspecies of a polytypic species. 1992 W. T. Parsons & E. G. Cuthbertson Noxious Weeds Austral. 371/2 A number of taxonomists..consider Cannabis to be a polytypic genus with at least three, and possibly more, species involved. b. Biology. Of evolution: leading to new species by the splitting of existing ones. Cf. cladogenetic adj. at cladogenesis n. Derivatives. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > evolution > [adjective] > processes or types of evolution high?1548 recapitulative1836 retrogressive1853 transmutational1861 ontogenetic1869 convergent1871 phylogenetic1876 correlative1877 ontogenic1878 phylogenetical1879 phytogenetic1882 monotypic1888 phytogenetical1888 polytypic1888 ontogenal1890 phylogenal1890 recapitulatory1890 tachygenetic1893 ontogenetical1894 anagenetic1896 orthogenic1896 orthogenetic1899 macroevolutionary1937 microevolutionary1937 proterogenetic1938 speciational1944 parapatric1953 cladogenetic1957 allochronic1960 stasigenetic1965 stasipatric1967 speciating1970 punctuational1976 tachygenic- 1888 J. T. Gulick in Jrnl. Linnean Soc.: Zool. 20 201 Polytypic Evolution or Divergent Evolution is any transformation of a species in which different types appear in different sections. 1907 Amer. Naturalist 41 211 Natural Selection without isolation effects monotypic evolution, and only by the aid of isolating factors of some kind results in polytypic evolution. 1975 Isis 66 495 To better describe the central problem of divergence he [sc. J. T. Gulick] introduced the phrases ‘monotypic evolution’ (the transformation of a species in a single line), and ‘polytypic evolution’ (the splitting of a single species into two or more distinct species). 2. gen. Composed of or having several types. ΚΠ 1912 C. M. Gayley Representative Eng. Comedies p. lxxxiii Not only by its fusion of biblical characters, like Assuerus and Hester, with allegorical types, like Pride and the half-moral, half-native Vice, does the play give evidence of its polytypic nature, but by its atmosphere. 1980 J. R. Hinchliffe & D. R. Johnson Devel. Vertebr. Limb vi. 166 Fibres may be monotypic (that is, made up of one sort of unit) like collagen, or polytypic, like a muscle fibre. 1989 Brain 112 969 Whatever are the merits of classical syndromes as clinical diagnoses in neurology.., they are certainly too polytypic to serve as the elemental units of disordered language. 1996 Oceanologica Acta 19 323 Nearly all aspects of the life histories of individual marine-invertebrate species are characterized by ranges of sizes, seasonal variation, and functional flexibility..; that is, they are highly polytypic. 3. Crystallography. Exhibiting polytypism (polytypism n. 2); of the nature of a polytype. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > structures and forms > [adjective] > polytype polytypic1944 1944 N. W. Thibault in Amer. Mineralogist 29 266 Following Baumhauer, the phenomenon is called ‘polytypism’ the adjective being ‘polytypic’ and each one of the different modifications a ‘type’. 1974 Verma & Trigundayat in C. N. R. Rao Solid State Chem. ii. 52 The list of polytypic substances includes minerals, layer silicates, chalcogenides, and several other inorganic and organic compounds. 2003 Jrnl. Physical Chem. A. 107 10470 More complex, closely spaced twins, stacking faults, and polytypic intergrowths are characteristic of coarsened H₂O-ZnS. 4. = polythetic adj. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [adjective] > sharing a number of characteristics polythetic1940 polytypic1959 1959 M. Beckner Biol. Way of Thought ii. 25 Polytypic concepts are found in many branches of biological theory, but the clearest instances are afforded by taxonomy. 1961 G. G. Simpson Princ. Animal Taxon. ii. 43 The defining attributes do not appear in all individuals... The principle (which he calls ‘polytypic’) has been elucidated at greater length and in ultramodern terms by Beckner. 1995 S. O. Murray Lat. Amer. Male Homosexualities i. 5 Cross-cultural comparison needs to use polytypic classes, and not expect to be able to specify in advance what will be the combinations of ‘significant features’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1858
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