pondn.

Brit.

/pɒnd/, U.S.

/pɑnd/

Forms: Middle English poond, Middle English poonde, Middle English poynde, Middle English–1600s ponde, Middle English– pond, 1500s poude (transmission error), 1600s bond (in compounds, perhaps transmission error), 1600s pon.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: pound n.²

Etymology: Originally a variant of pound n.² (see discussion of forms at that entry), now usually distinguished in form in the senses below (although compare pound n.² 4 for continuing semantic overlap). Compare pend n.¹It is unclear whether the following early examples in surnames and place names are to be interpreted as showing the sense ‘body of water’ or the sense ‘enclosure’ (see pound n.² and forms at that entry): (in surnames) Ricardus del Pond (1206), Sim. de la Pond' (1230), etc.; (in place names) Eliasponde (1225; Cambridgeshire, now lost).

a. A small body of still water of artificial formation, made either by excavating a hollow in the ground or by embanking and damming up a watercourse in a natural hollow. In early use frequently: †= fishpond n. 1a (obsolete).Frequently with defining word, as ducking, fish, horse, mill, curling-pond, etc.: see the first element.Recorded earliest in pondpenny n. at Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > lake > pond > [noun]

pound1248

pond1287

piscinaa1398

piscinea1400

stewc1440

dike1788

pondlet1839

mardle1866

tank1898

suck-hole1909

1287 in F. J. Baigent Coll. Rec. & Documents Crondal (1891) 84 (MED) Reddendo inde per annum viij s. de gabulo, et iij d. de Pondpanny.

c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Laud) (1901) 1173 (MED) My net hys ney honde In a wel fayr ponde [a1350 Harl. pende; c1300 Cambr. stronde].

c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) cvi. 34 (MED) He sett þe desert in pondes of waters.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 155^v A Ponde hat piscina and is water ygadrede to fedyng of fysshe, þogh ofte gaderyng of water withoute fisshe be yclepid piscina.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Psalms cxiii. 8 Which turnede a stoon in to pondis [v.r. a poond; a1382 Douce 369(1) poolis] of watris.

1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 286 A Poonde,..piscina, stagnum, viuarium.

a1500 Piers of Fulham (James) in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1866) II. 4 (MED) Y schall none pondes with pykes store, Breme, perche, ne with tenche.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Ponde for fyshe, lucana, piscina... Ponde to washe shepe in, probatica piscina.

1622 M. Drayton 2nd Pt. Poly-olbion xxviii. 143 Neere to the foot..it makes a little Pon, Which in a little space conuerteth Wood to Stone.

1676 Lady Chaworth in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 34 Drownded by the breaking of ice upon a pond where he was sliding.

1713 R. North Disc. Fish & Fish-ponds vi. 17 The third Pond may be a Work of another Year..if the Ground lies fair for it.

1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. IV. 167 A large pond, or ditch, on the east side of the city wall being drained.

1826 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 20 324 The exsiccation of the pond in St. James's Park.

1880 M. E. Braddon Just as I Am ii The pond and the fountain were as old as the house.

1915 W. Cather Song of Lark i. xx. 154 I guess I can make a pond for my duck.

1988 Garden News 3 Sept. 6/1 Due to high winds a lot of debris is likely to be landing in the pond.

b. figurative and in figurative contexts.

ΚΠ

c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 175 (MED) Vchone ben iugged after her werkes & helle & þe dede ben sent in to þe ponde [v.r. pool; Fr. estanc; L. stagnum] of fyre, þat is, þe secounde deþ.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rev. xix. 20 These bothe were cast into a ponde off fyre burnynge with brymstone.

1555 R. Smith in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1563) 1262/2 That I may passe out of thys ponde, Wherein I am opprest.

1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse sig. H6 It proueth Caecias humorum leauing tow ponds of water (as hee tearmed them) behinde it which are conuerted into choler.

1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 39 To make them dip themselves, and sound For Christendome in Dirty pond.

1729 H. Carey Poems 57 Namby Pamby's Little Rhimes, Little Jingle, Little Chimes, To repeat to Little Miss, Piddling Ponds of Pissy-Piss.

1787 A. Young Jrnl. 16 Oct. in Trav. France (1792) i. 65 His pond of quicksilver is considerable, containing 250lb.

1867 F. H. Ludlow Little Briggs & I 217 Skipping away their hard dollars on the bottomless pond of fancy cattle-breeding.

1955 G. Grigson Englishman's Flora 283 Jerusalem Cowslip..making a pond of azure in the woods.

1988 Oxf. Art Jrnl. 11 41 As a teeming pond of ideas..Modernism constitutes the dominant mode of understanding modern art.

2004 Now 2 June 97/1 New contacts..want to help you break out of a pond you grew too big for months ago.

c. A natural pool or small lake; a mere, a tarn; a pool in a river or stream (now Australian). Also (chiefly North American): a lake or reservoir of any size.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun]

pooleOE

seathc950

lakea1000

flosha1300

stanga1300

weira1300

water poolc1325

carrc1330

stamp1338

stank1338

ponda1387

flashc1440

stagnec1470

peel?a1500

sole15..

danka1522

linn1577

sound1581

flake1598

still1681

slew1708

splash1760

watering hole1776

vlei1793

jheel1805

slougha1817

sipe1825

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 25 (MED) Þere is a grete ponde þat conteyneþ þre score ylondes couenable for men to dwelle ynne.

1480 W. Caxton Descr. Brit. 6 Ther is a grete ponde that conteyneth lx ilondes.

1599 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 203 This place hath a great pond caused by the inundation of Nilus.

1620 tr. G. Boccaccio Decameron II. vi. x. f. 20^v When the Ladies were arriued... So they being in the Pond, and the water nothing troubled by their being there.

1693 H. Kelsey Kelsey Papers (1929) 3 This wood is poplo ridges with small ponds of water. There is beavour in abundance but no Otter.

1731 M. Catesby Nat. Hist. Carolina I. iv. Pl. 78 Fresh rivers and Ponds in the upper Parts of the Country.

1792 G. Cartwright Jrnl. I. Gloss. p. xv A part where the bed widens, inclining to a pond, and there is no perceptible stream.

1831 J. J. Audubon Ornithol. Biogr. I. 479 It searches for food..by the margins of such inland lakes as, on account of their small size, are called by us ponds.

1886 D. M. Gane New S. Wales & Vic. 197 It abounds, as do most Australian rivers, in ‘ponds’ or occasional basins, which are distinguishable by their dark and placid surfaces.

1932 C. M. Gray W. Victoria in Forties 8 During the night..I camped at a chain of ponds called the ‘Wardeyallock’.

1964 Canad. Geogr. Jrnl. Apr. 136 The salt sea laves one side of a barachois not twenty yards from a freshwater pond.

2003 AMC Outdoors Mag. Oct. 32/2 The roughly rectangular pond is boxed in by high, elephant-skin-textured cliffs.

d. An artificial shallow pool in which water that has been heated in the course of an industrial process, esp. power generation, is stored to allow it to cool (cf. cooling pond n. at cooling n. Compounds 2); (also) a pool of water for receiving industrial waste.

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the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > cooling agent or appliance > [noun] > means for cooling heated water for re-use

cooling pond1850

cooling tower1876

pond1892

spray tower1937

1892 Power Dec. 4/4 The water from the hot well is here sprayed from a number of fountains, and also from a pipe extending around its border, into a large pond, the exposure cooling it sufficiently for the obtaining of a good vacuum.

1913 C. F. Hirshfeld & W. N. Barnard Elem. Heat-power Engin. xxxvii. 681 The water may be sprayed into the air and allowed to fall into a pond.

1953 M. S. Wolfe Bonanza Trail ii. 77 Oatman is a town of contrasts: a barren, taffy-colored tailings pond; rows of houses surrounded by flower beds [etc.].

1996 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 3 Apr. 20 By around 2010, fuel from the first Swedish nuclear power stations—currently in ponds inside the..storage facility at Oskarshamn—will have cooled enough to be encased in steel.

2000 New Phytologist 145 431 The soil was collected from an old retention pond filled with tailings generated during the Zn–Pb ore oxidation process.

e. An artificial shallow pool used in the treatment and concentration of sewage and slurry; = lagoon n.¹ 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > lake > [noun] > lagoon

wash1530

lagoon1612

jheel1805

sea-lake1816

haff1859

pound1867

pond1926

1926 Reno (Nevada) Evening Gaz. 17 Feb. 6/2 The old sewage ponds that were used formerly by the company.

1956 K. Imhoff et al. Disposal of Sewage xii. 205 The area of pond required for waste purification may be computed by means of the oxygen balance.

1973 T. H. Y. Tebbutt Water Sci. & Technol. ix. 138 In warm climates biological treatment is sometimes achieved in oxidation ponds.

1997 High Country News 9 June 8/3 Slurry ponds cause foul odors and can spill into local waterways.

2. Chiefly humorous. The sea, the ocean, esp. the North Atlantic Ocean. Usually with the, frequently as the big pond or the great pond. Cf. also herring-pond n., millpond n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > [noun]

sea-floodc893

brimc937

streamc950

foamOE

mereOE

seaOE

sea of (the) oceanc1300

brookc1400

float1477

strand1513

breec1540

burnc1540

broth1558

Thetisie1600

fishpond1604

brine1605

pond1612

Thetisc1620

brack1627

herring-pond1686

tide1791

black water1816

lave1825

briny1831

salt water1839

blue1861

swan's bath1865

puddle1869

ditch1922

oggin1945

the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > specific seas > [noun] > Atlantic Ocean

Atlantica1387

Western Ocean1576

pond1612

Great Lake1684

mid-Atlantic1804

millpond1813

Middle Atlantic1826

puddle1869

whale-poola1876

1612 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. I. i. 20 Wee goe downe to the great deepe, the wombe of moisture, the well of fountaines, the great pond of the world.

1642 Times Alterations 1/4 It seemes that you have taken flight over the great Pond, pray what newes in England?

1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 374 Through this Womb of moisture the great pond of the World (as Bishop Hall terms the Ocean).

1780 Royal Gaz. (N.Y.) 22 Jan. Then Jack was sent across the Pond To take her in the rear, Sir.

1832 J. L. Motley Let. 24 May in Corr. (1889) I. ii. 11 I should have been very sorry to have crossed the Atlantic (or the pond, as the sailors call it) without a single storm.

1840 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker 3rd Ser. xviii He is..the best live one that ever cut dirt this side of the big pond.

a1862 H. D. Thoreau Cape Cod (1865) x. 251 It is but a step from the glassy surface of the Herring Ponds to the big Atlantic Pond where the waves never cease to break.

1902 Outing June 345/1 [They] have hardly sustained their reputation on either side of the big pond.

1926 P. Whiteman & M. M. McBride Jazz xiii. 259 A good many of us go abroad nowadays—to Paris and London, anyway... We call it ‘jumping the Big Pond’.

1944 Q. Reynolds Curtain Rises i. 12 From Natal, you take the big jump across the pond.

2003 Eastern Eye 14 Feb. 1/1 He won't be crossing the pond to the US.

3. On a canal: = pound n.² 4(b). side pond, an enclosed body of water to the side of a lock, esp. providing extra displacement capacity when locks are close together.

ΚΠ

1773 R. Whitworth Rep. & Surv. Canal Waltham-Abbey to Moorfields 7 From the upper or new Pond there are but few [pipes].

1796 R. Fulton Treat. Improvem. Canal Navigation p. xiii To accomplish this work, it was proposed by his Lordship to form the ponds of canal at convenient distances.

1853 Times 15 July 6/3 This part of the canal is included in what is styled a ‘five-mile pond’, there being a lock at each end.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1342/1 Lock-bay, the pond or space of water between the gates of a canal-lock.

1907 N.E.D. at Pound sb.² The reach of a canal above a lock, etc. (in which sense pond and pound are used indifferently).

1958 Chambers Techn. Dict. (ed. 3) Side pond, a storage space at the side of a canal lock-chamber, the two being interconnected by a sluice.

1986 Guardian 26 Aug. 26/8 The canal..has been made navigable again except for four remaining stretches [including] the 12-mile Long Pond between Devizes and Wootton Rivers clogged by weed and mud.

Compounds

C1. General attributive and objective.

pond dregs n.

ΚΠ

1779 W. Marshall Exper. & Observ. conc. Agric. & Weather 22 Pond-dregs laid on a clayey Meadow, in November, are of no obvious service.

1991 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 13 Sept. a11 Water in the baby's bath like duck pond dregs and I'm down on my knees again scrubbing.

pond earth n.

ΚΠ

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §596 Pond-earth, or River-earth,..is a very good Compost.

1727 S. J. Vineyard 189 Divers Kinds of Earth, as Marle, Chalk,..Pond-Earth.

1989 D. Hall In Miserable Slavery (1999) viii. 200 She was..sent to work with Jimmy and Pompey carrying pond earth into the garden.

pond hole n.

ΚΠ

1785 M. Cutler in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 1 409 Cephalanthus... Common in watery swamps and pond-holes.

1870 St. Joseph (Mich.) Herald 27 Aug. We dug a large pond hole upon our farm, some three feet deep.

1999 D. Harker Landscape Restoration Handbk. App. 103/1 Two important physical characteristics of salt marshes are the meandering creeks and the pond holes or pans.

pondkeeper n.

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the world > the earth > water > lake > pond > [noun] > keeper of a pond

pondkeeper1779

1779 G. White Let. 7 May in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 259 Five of those most rare birds..were shot upon the verge of Frinsham-pond... The pond keeper says there were three brace in the flock.

1909 Westm. Gaz. 12 Jan. 5/2 The pondkeeper was unavoidably absent from his post.

1992 Pract. Fishkeeping Mar. 88/1 The number one bugbear of pondkeepers, ‘pea-soup’ water.

pond-maker n.

ΚΠ

1400 in L. F. Salzman Building in Eng. (1992) v. 85 [William atte Hethe] pondemaker [was paid £6. 9s. 10d.].

1482 in J. P. Collier Househ. Bks. John Duke of Norfolk & Thomas Earl of Surrey (1844) 184 Paied to the werkmen, tylers, carpenters, dawbers, and pond makers.

1632–3 MS Canterbury Marriage Licences William Cook of Hollingbourne, pondmaker.

1729 S. Switzer Introd. Gen. Syst. Hydrostaticks & Hydraulicks I. i. x. 131 It will prevent the Worms from working in the Clay, as our Pond-Makers in the West tell me.

1905 A. J. Hubbard & G. Hubbard Neolithic Dew-ponds 2 The gang of dew-pond makers commence operations by hollowing out the earth.

1994 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 24 July vi. 26/1 The pond seemed to be doing well,..at least to a novice pond-maker.

pond mud n.

ΚΠ

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 394 You must cool the Mould about the Roots with Pond-mud and Cow-dung.

1855 G. Emerson Farmer's & Planter's Encycl. Rural Affairs (new ed.) 773/1 Old heaps of weeds, pond-mud, scourings of ditches, and all the earths in which there is any organic matter.

2000 Nelson (N.Z.) Mail (Nexis) 21 Aug. 3 Tony Haddon releases eels that he recovered from the dumped pond mud.

pondside n.

ΚΠ

1582 W. W. True & Iuste Recorde Witches sig. G7 The tenth [pig] was drowned by the pond side being about a rod from y^e cote.

1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania 471 By a Pond side, where the Stagge had taken soile.

1735 Lives Most Remarkable Criminals III. (Appendix) 421 The Woman was found buried in her Cloaths, Close by the Pond-side.

1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 345 I had not lived there a week before my feet wore a path from my door to the pond-side.

1910 Daily Chron. 9 Apr. 7/3 The curious transparent globules that float about now in masses among the pond-side weeds.

1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 330/2 Water figwort, S. auriculata, is a similar species of river-banks, pondsides and damp meadows.

pond water n.

ΚΠ

1593 G. Markham Disc. Horsmanshippe iv. sig. K3 The standing pond water, which is fedde by a fresh spring.

1633 T. James Strange Voy. 45 This pond-water had a..lothsome smell.

1777 Farmer's Mag. Nov. 379 Add two parts of pond water to one of brine.

1875 T. H. Huxley & H. N. Martin Course Elem. Biol. (1883) 47 Chara flourishes in pond-water under the influence of sunlight.

1994 Esquire Aug. 104/2 That bitterish liquid, the color of stale pond water.

C2.

pond apple n. the tree Annona glabra, a custard apple of swampy places in tropical America and West Africa, esp. the Caribbean and Florida; (also) the large fruit of this tree, resembling an apple but barely edible.

ΚΠ

1753 R. Poole Beneficent Bee 338/2 Here are Trees growing in it, bearing a Sort of Fruit somewhat resembling Apples, and are called Pond-Apples.

1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 23 Anona laurifolia..Pond apple. Common and reaching its greatest development within the United States on the low islands and shores of the Everglades.

1939 C. J. Hylander World of Plant Life 232 The Pond Apple or Custard Apple (Anona) trees have pungently aromatic leaves.

2002 Australian (Nexis) 27 Dec. 4 The North American-native pondapple was riddling paperbark stands and mangroves.

pond-barrow n. British Archaeology a prehistoric burial place marked by a circular depression in the ground with a raised perimeter, rather than a mound.

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the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > [noun] > archaeology > built structures

pond-barrow1845

Zimbabwe1891

ploshchadka1913

stone ring1924

woodhenge1927

henge1932

society > communication > record > memorial or monument > [noun] > structure or erection > stone > circle > specific

hurler1607

pond-barrow1845

sun circle1856

recumbent stone circle1933

1845 New Statist. Acct. Scotl. XIV. 254 A circular enclosure or ring, formed of small stones, having the earth somewhat scooped out in the interior..not unlike the pond-barrows of Wales.

1941 Proc. Prehistoric Soc. 7 89 The so-called pond-barrow consists of a slight depression,..the material from which has been placed round the circumference to form an embanked rim.

1998 J. Cope Mod. Antiquarian 218/1 The major remaining pond-barrow up on the hill between the Sanctuary and West Kennett Avenue.

pond-bay n. English regional (south-eastern) a dam.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > artificially confined water > contrivance for impounding water > dam

clowa1250

head?a1425

damc1440

weir-dike1518

bay1581

rampirea1586

anicut1784

pond-bay1863

1863 S. Smiles Industr. Biogr. 32 Dams of earth, called ‘pond-bays’, were thrown across watercourses.

1901 W. W. Capes Scenes Rural Life Hampshire 173 A stream..could be so dammed up as to provide convenient motive force. The dams were called pond-bays.

2003 Kent & Sussex Courier (Nexis) 6 June 8 The army-owned bridge..runs over the remains of a pond bay.

pond bush n. †(a) the spicebush, Lindera benzoin (obsolete rare); (b) = pond spice n.

ΚΠ

1818 A. L. Hillhouse tr. F. A. Michaux N. Amer. Sylva II. 150 [The red bay] is seen..around the ponds covered with the Laurus æstivalis, (Pond-bush).

1860 M. A. Curtis Woody Plants N. Carolina 92 Pond Bush. (Tetranthera geniculata, Nees.)—Occupies small ponds in the Lower District, giving a gray smoky aspect to these localities.

1960 R. A. Vines Trees, Shrubs, & Woody Vines Southwest 293 Pond-spice..common names include Pond-bush and crooked Swamp-bush.

pond carp n. now historical the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, which was formerly often reared in ponds.

ΚΠ

1716 P. Lamb Royal-cookery (ed. 2) 37 A River-Carp is reckon'd better than a Pond-Carp, and the yellower it is, the better.

1890 Cent. Dict. Pond-carp, the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, as bred in ponds: distinguished from river-carp.

1996 Amer. Hist. Rev. 101 665 In well-managed fishponds..humans had created a complex, stillwater ecosystem.., while feral offspring of the pond carp joined in the reshaping of wild aquatic ecosystems as well.

† pondcaster n. Obsolete rare a person who digs ponds.

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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > earth-movers, etc. > [noun] > one who digs other structures

hill-digger1521

sinker1584

pondcaster1602

navigator1775

dammer1816

navvy1829

muck-shifter1856

1602 Burford Reg. in Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Var. Coll. (1901) I. 166 [Wages for the day] For a Bondcaster [sic]..iij.

1655 Burford Reg. in Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Var. Coll. (1901) I. 172 For a Pondcaster v^d.

pond culture n. the practice of breeding and keeping fish or other aquatic life in ponds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > fish-keeping, farming, or breeding > [noun]

pisciculture1807

water farming1811

fish-breeding1860

fish-hatching1862

fish-culture1865

aquiculture1867

mariculture1867

fish-farming1869

pond culture1883

aquaculture1887

aquafarming1896

sea-farming1962

1883 Times 25 Sept. 3/1 By developing..a system of pond culture, and by providing full-grown fish in suitable breeding places in waters adjacent to the rivers.

1997 Conservation Biol. 11 902/1 To introduce pond culture of bait fish in order to reduce pressure on haplochromine stocks.

pond-cultured adj. (of fish or other aquatic life) bred and kept in ponds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > [adjective] > freshwater

freshc1325

lakish1661

landlocked1868

pond-cultured1969

1969 Sunday Times (Salisbury, Maryland) 23 Feb. a. 5/1 During 1969 the production of pond-cultured catfish will increase another 100 per cent.

1987 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 5 Aug. 22 Pond-cultured or farmed [catfish] is a perennial Southern favorite.

pond cypress n. a bald cypress of the variety Taxodium distichum var. imbricarium (also called T. ascendens), occurring in wet coastal areas of the south-eastern U.S.

ΚΠ

1901 C. T. Mohr Plant Life Alabama 325 Taxodium distichum imbricaria..Pond Cypress, Upland Cypress.

2001 Amer. Midland Naturalist 146 128 On the Gulf coastal plain cypress–gum wetlands are characterized by a dense canopy of pond cypress (Taxodium ascendens Brongr.) and swamp black gum.

pond dipping n. the immersion of a person or thing in water; (now) esp. the collection of a sample of the wildlife in a pond by dipping a jar or net into the water.

ΚΠ

1885 Trenton (New Jersey) Times 29 June How proud the Salemites and Bostonians must feel when they consider that their ancestors were engaged in the delightful occupation of ‘pond-dipping’ and otherwise maltreating aged women.

1959 T. R. E. Southwood & D. Leston Land & Water Bugs Brit. Isles App. 1. 402 The main methods of collecting are..pond dipping—for water bugs.

2004 Wildlife News May 12/1 Our education staff will help youngsters with pond dipping, minibeast hunting and wildlife-themed arts and crafts.

pond dogwood n. the buttonbush of North America, Cephalanthus occidentalis.

ΚΠ

1785 M. Cutler in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 1 409 Cephalanthus... Globe-Flower Shrub. Pond Dogwood. Button Bush... Common in watery swamps and pond-holes.

1833 A. Eaton Man. Bot. (ed. 6) ii. 87 Cephalanthus..occidentalis..button bush, pond dog-wood... Swamps.

1973 H. A. Stephens Woody Plants North Central Plains 458 Buttonbush, globe flower, honeyball, swamp sycamore, pond dogwood.

pond duck n. (a) the mallard, Anas platyrhynchos; (b) U.S. the hooded merganser, Mergus cucullatus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > wild

mallard1314

wild duck1538

pond duck1678

flapper1747

paddler1882

wigeon1885

1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 371 Pond-Ducks.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 129 Pond-ducks..have a straight and narrow bill, a small hind toe, and a sharp pointed train.

1926 A. S. McQueen & H. Mizell Hist. Okefenokee Swamp (1949) 136 The pond duck is also a small duck... He gets his name from the fact that he feeds almost exclusively in the ponds in the pine woods adjacent to the Swamp.

1993 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 15 Oct. 17 I described the two creatures therein as ‘vaguely duck-like’, knowing that, whatever they were, the common or pond duck was probably a species wide of the mark.

pond fish n. (a) any of various fishes reared or kept in ponds; esp. the common carp, Cyprinus carpio; (b) U.S. = pond perch n.

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the world > animals > fish > [noun] > defined by habitat > freshwater

river fisha1398

pond fish1631

pulch1655

game fish1837

coarse fish1895

1631 tr. J. A. Comenius Porta Linguarum Reserata xv. §167 Pond-fishes are, a carpe, a breame, a pike.., a pearch, a tench.

1789 G. White Jrnl. 2 May (1970) xxii. 330 The long frost..has proued very destructive to pond-fish..except in those pools..thro' which passed a constant current of water.

1842 Nat. Hist. N.Y., Zool. iv. 31 The Common Pond Fish. Pomotis vulgaris... This beautiful little fish has derived one of its popular names viz. Sun-fish, from the glittering colors it displays while basking in the sun.

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 78/2 The gold and silver fish are of the carp species... These fish are known in the street trade as ‘globe’ and ‘pond’ fish... The larger fish are ‘pond’; the smaller, ‘globe’.

1903 T. H. Bean Fishes N.Y. 484 The common sunfish, or sunny, pumpkin seed, bream, tobacco box, and pondfish is one of the best known fishes of the United States.

1992 Pract. Fishkeeping Mar. 108/1 A viral infection called Carp Pox..is most common in pond fish in the winter or spring.

pond frog n. U.S. any of various frogs that frequent ponds; esp. the green frog, Rana clamitans, of the eastern U.S.

ΚΠ

1672 J. Josselyn New-Englands Rarities 38 The Indians will tell you, that up in the Country there are Pond Frogs as big as a Child of a year old.

1794 J. Morse Amer. Geogr. (new ed.) 169 Pond frog (Rana ocellata).

1832 W. D. Williamson Hist. Maine I. 169 Of the Frog kind are six species:—1. the Toad; 2. the pond Frog; 3. the speckled Frog; 4. the tree Toad; 5. the bull Frog; and 6. the green Frog.

1932 A. H. Wright Life-hist. Frogs of Okefinokee Swamp 352 Rana clamitans, Green Frog. Pond Frog. Spring Frog.

2004 Pacific Daily News (Hagatna, Guam) 1 Mar. 2 a The black-spotted pond frog's call is more like a croak, oink or a bark.

pond head n. now chiefly historical a bank or dam which confines a pond; (also) the pond contained within such a bank or dam.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > artificially confined water > contrivance for impounding water > dam > types of

mill-dam1182

warrant1406

pond head1465

coffer-dam1736

batardeau1767

gather-dam1768

frame dam1774

crib-dam1816

shutter-dama1884

suddc1900

needle gate1909

check-dam1936

gravity dam1940

1465 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 475 (MED) Also, he oweth my master be comenaunt, the makynge of hys ponde hede at Bachoues.

1567 in F. J. Baigent Coll. Rec. & Documents Crondal (1891) 166 Mylles, weares, myldammes, brydges, pondes, and ponde heades within the same mannor.

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. H2/1 Baye..is a pond head made vp of a great heith, to keep in a great quantitie or store of water.

1763 in J. Lloyd Old S. Wales Iron Wks. (1906) 73 To make such..channels..pondheads, stanks, and wears as they shall think fit.

1871 L. Colange Zell's Pop. Encycl. I. 244/2 A pond-head, or a pond formed by a dam for the purpose of driving mill-wheels.

1996 A. W. B. Simpson Leading Cases Common Law iii. 63 In the pleadings he is said to have come to the Pond Head.

pond heron n. any of several small, short-necked Asian herons of the genus Ardeola; esp. (more fully Indian pond heron) A. grayii, which has mainly white wings and tail and is found from Iran to Burma (Myanmar) and Sri Lanka.

ΚΠ

1887 Folk-lore Jrnl. 5 353 The quack of the pond heron flying over a house is a sign of the death of one of the inmates.

1968 S. Ali & S. D. Ripley Handbk. Birds India & Pakistan I. 63 Indian Pond Heron or Paddybird. Ardeola grayii grayii (Sykes).

2003 Nature 31 July 505/3 The additions to the Zoological Society's Gardens during the past week include..two Indian Rollers (Coracia indica), three Pond Herons (Ardeola grayi), five Scarlet-backed Flower-peckers.., [etc.].

pond hockey n. North American a game of ice hockey played outdoors, esp. by children on a frozen pond; also in extended use.

ΚΠ

1955 Chicago Tribune 26 Feb. b5 As a youngster he played sandlot football and baseball and we suppose what would be called ‘pond’ hockey.

1976 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 12 Jan. 7/2 Big Pete told him that his team's performance that evening reminded him..of the pond hockey he knew so well as a kid.

2000 F. Reiken Lost Legends of New Jersey iv. 301 Anthony opened up the freezer, where for years he'd kept a stack of pucks ready for pond hockey.

pond-hunter n. rare a naturalist who investigates or collects pond life.

ΚΠ

1896 Daily News 12 Dec. 6/2 Kept in captivity..in the pond-hunter's aquarium.

1959 E. F. Linssen Beetles Brit. Isles I. 113 The beetle's presence in a pond-hunter's net will be made known by a squeaking sound.

pond-land n. marsh, fenland.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun]

marsheOE

fenc888

sladec893

moorOE

mossOE

marshlandlOE

lay-fena1225

lay-mirea1225

moor-fenc1275

flosha1300

strother?a1300

marish1327

carrc1330

waterlanda1382

gaseync1400

quaba1425

paludec1425

mersec1440

sumpa1450

palus?1473

wash1483

morass1489

oozea1500

bog?a1513

danka1522

fell1538

soga1552

Camarine1576

gog1583

swale1584

sink1594

haga1600

mere1609

flata1616

swamp1624

pocosin1634

frogland1651

slash1652

poldera1669

savannah1671

pond-land1686

red bog1686

swang1691

slack1719

flowa1740

wetland1743

purgatory1760

curragh1780

squall1784

marais1793

vlei1793

muskeg1806

bog-pit1820

prairie1820

fenhood1834

pakihi1851

terai1852

sponge1856

takyr1864

boglet1869

sinkhole1885

grimpen1902

sphagnum bog1911

blanket bog1939

string bog1959

1686 in H. M. Burt First Cent. Hist. Springfield (1899) II. 270 Twenty acres..of Pond or Low Land by the Way to Hadley.

2000 Aberdeen Evening Express (Nexis) 1 July 16 Plenty of castle ruins, traditional farmyards and pond-land to explore.

pond life n. (a) the organisms, esp. invertebrates, that live in ponds and still water; (b) depreciative (chiefly British) someone worthless or contemptible.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by habitat > [noun] > aquatic animal > that live in pond

pond life1861

1861 H. J. Slack (title) Marvels of pond-life.

1923 Jrnl. Afr. Soc. 22 206 The rapidly drying pool with its pond-life approaching destruction.

1989 Empire Sept. 7/2 Hollywood's hottest execs: either you're in or you're pondlife.

1999 J. Burchill Married Alive xiii. 201 I distinctly felt the sexually perplexed pondlife run his hand up my leg and under my skirt.

pond liner n. (a piece of) waterproof material (esp. flexible synthetic sheeting) used to form the lining of a garden pond.

ΚΠ

1954 Traverse City (Mich.) Record-Eagle 9 July 4/3 The canal and pond-liner is coated with durable bituminous compounds.

1999 BBC Gardeners' World Apr. 168/2 (advt.) Pond Liners... Premiere Quality Black ‘Stapelite’ Butyl–Rubber.

† pond-lock n. Obsolete = pound-lock n.

ΚΠ

1794 J. Rennie Rep. Surv. Thames 22 I would therefore advise..a pond lock being placed adjoining the river.

1811 Two Rep. Thames Navigation 21 The excellent state of the navigation arises from the erection of pond-locks.

pond marl n. Geology an earthy or calcareous deposit formed at the bottom of ponds.

ΚΠ

1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 369 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV These accumulate as in the case of the testacea, and like the calcareous pond marls are both fossil and recent.

1974 Current Anthropol. 15 373/2 Lateral facies including pond marls rich in plant casts and impressions.

pond mussel n. any of various bivalve molluscs found in ponds; esp. the swan mussel, Anodonta cygnea.

ΚΠ

1727 P. Shaw & E. Chambers tr. H. Boerhaave New Method Chem. ii. 165 Mons. Mery, in his anatomy of the pond-mussel.

1859 C. Kingsley Glaucus (ed. 4) 68 The Common Pond-Mussel (Anodon Cygneus).

1931 E. G. Boulenger Fishes x. 89 The Bitterling..introduces her eggs into the mantle cavity of the Pond Mussel by means of an ovipositor and there the young hatch and develop.

1993 Connecticut Wildlife July–Aug. 10/1 Of these four mussels—brook floater, eastern pearlshell, yellow lampmussel and eastern pond mussel—the last two are considered extirpated.

† pondpenny n. Obsolete a levy for the maintenance of ponds; cf. poundpenny n. at pound n.² Compounds.

ΚΠ

1287Pondpanny [see sense 1a].

pond perch n. U.S. a freshwater sunfish of the genus Lepomis; esp. the pumpkinseed, L. gibbosus.

ΚΠ

1764 J. Rowe Diary 22 Sept. (1895) 49 Caught..about four dozen of large pond perch.

1839 D. H. Storer Mass. Fishes 11 P[omotis] vulgaris. Fresh water Sun Fish. Pond Perch... Though seldom brought to market, it is considered by many, an excellent edible fish.

1946 F. LaMonte N. Amer. Game Fishes 139 Pumpkinseed... Other common names: pumpkinseed sunfish, yellow sunfish.., pond perch, [etc.].

2001 Commerc. Appeal (Memphis, Tennessee) (Nexis) 11 May d9 Try down river on trot lines baited with pond perch.

pond pickerel n. U.S. a pike or pickerel; esp. the chain pickerel, Esox niger.

ΚΠ

1880 Wellsborough (Pa.) Agitator 16 Mar. 1/7 We..rowed to the spot and picked up the largest pond pickerel I ever saw.

1946 F. LaMonte N. Amer. Game Fishes 128 Eastern Pickerel, Chain Pickerel..Pond Pickerel.

† pond pike n. U.S. Obsolete = pond pickerel n.

ΚΠ

1865 T. Norris Amer. Angler's Bk. 138 The Pond Pike, or Common Pike.

1887 G. B. Goode Amer. Fishes 277 Esox americanus, the ‘Brook Pickerel’, or ‘Banded Pickerel’, sometimes also called the ‘Long Island Pickerel’, ‘Trout Pickerel’, and ‘Pond Pike’.

pond pine n. a pine, Pinus serotina (often regarded as a subspecies or variety of the pitch pine, P. rigida), occurring in swamps and wetlands of the south-eastern U.S., with heavy, resinous wood used for lumber or pulpwood.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > pines and allies

pine treeeOE

pineOE

pine-nut treec1330

pineapplec1390

pineapple treea1398

mountain pine1597

pine1597

mountain pine1601

frankincense1611

rosin flower?1611

black pine1683

Scotch pine1706

yellow pine1709

Jersey pine1743

loblolly pine1760

mugoa1768

Scots pine1774

Scotch fir1777

arrow plant1779

scrub pine1791

Georgia pine1796

old field pine1797

tamarack1805

grey pine1810

pond pine1810

New Jersey pine1818

loblolly1819

Corsican pine1824

celery-top pine1827

toatoa1831

heavy-wooded pine1836

nut pine1845

celery pine1851

celery-topped pine1851

sugar-pine1853

western white pine1857

Jeffrey1858

Korean pine1858

lodge-pole pine1859

jack pine1863

whitebark pine1864

twisted pine1866

Monterey pine1868

tanekaha1875

chir1882

slash-pine1882

celery-leaved pine1883

knee-pine1884

knobcone pine1884

matsu1884

meadow pine1884

Alaska pine1890

limber pine1901

bristlecone pine1908

o-matsu1916

insignis1920

radiata1953

1810 F. A. Michaux Histoire des Arbres Forestiers de l'Amérique Septentrionale I. 17 Pond pine (Pin des mares).

1905 C. S. Sargent Man. Trees N. Amer. 20 Pinus serotina, Michx. Pond Pine. Marsh Pine... Low wet flats or sandy or peaty swamps; North Carolina southward.

1994 Amer. Scientist Oct. 429/1 The reproduction of these plants is keyed to fire... This is true for serotinous pines, such as jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and pond pine (Pinus serotina).

pond shrimp n. †(a) British a fairy shrimp (obsolete rare); (b) marine shrimps reared in ponds.Sense (a) is apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1890 Cent. Dict. Pond-shrimp, a phyllopod crustacean of the family Branchipodidæ.

1991 Fish Farming Internat. July 65/1 The consortium is engaged in a co-operative research program... It involves all aspects of intensive round pond shrimp culturing.

2003 Florida Times-Union (Jacksonville) (Nexis) 29 Jan. p1 A lot of people don't realize what pond shrimp have in them... Many times they have chemicals and other stuff.

pond skater n. any insect of the heteropteran family Gerridae, which comprises slender-bodied predatory bugs that stand and run on the surface film of water, using the front legs for catching prey and the other legs for propulsion; esp. the common European Gerris lacustris; also called (chiefly U.S.) water strider.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Heteroptera > family Gerridae > member of (pond-skater)

water skater1858

water strider1888

pond skater1895

water skeeter1900

strider1974

1895 L. C. Miall Nat. Hist. Aquatic Insects xiii. 382 The Pond-skaters stand or run upon the surface of the water, which they dimple but do not break.

1923 E. A. Butler Biol. Brit. Hemiptera-Heteroptera 244 Popularly known as pond-skaters or water-measurers, they attract the attention..by the free and easy way in which they dart along over the surface of the water.

1992 M. Atherden Upland Brit. vii. 116 Other insects are wholly aquatic, such as the water crickets, pond skaters, water boatmen, whirligig beetles and the water spider.

pond slider n. a freshwater turtle, Trachemys scripta (family Emydidae), which has yellow markings on the carapace and is native from the central U.S. to northern South America.

ΚΠ

1957 W. F. Blair et al. Vertebr. U.S. 292 Pseudemys scripta..Pond slider... Atlantic Coast from Virginia south..and west along Gulf Coast.

1990 J. Gilbert tr. M. Capula Macdonald Encycl. Amphibians & Reptiles No. 86 Trachemys scripta... The pond slider is active by day and frequents waters with muddy bottoms.

pond snail n. any of numerous chiefly freshwater snails constituting the superorder Basommatophora; esp. any of several European snails of the genus Lymnaea (family Lymnaeidae), having a brown, conical shell.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > order Pulmonifera > Inoperculata > family Limnaeidae or Planorbidae > member of genus Limnaea

pond snail1833

1833 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 123 771 The accurate Swammerdam observed them in the eggs of several of the garden and pond snails.

1889 M. E. Bamford Up & down Brooks 50 Pond-snails..surrounded by dancing beetles.

1985 K. Banister & A. Campbell Encycl. Underwater Life 266/1 The pond snails (superorder Basommatophora) have eyes at the base of their two tentacles.

1992 Times 15 Feb. (Weekend section) 15/7 It has taken more than two years to remove the great pond snails from my pond.

pond spice n. an aromatic shrub, Litsea aestivalis (family Lauraceae), which has small yellow flowers and grows in ponds and swamps in the southern U.S.

ΚΠ

1821 S. Elliott Sketch Bot. South-Carolina & Georgia I. 463 [Laurus] geniculata..a small tree, 10-15 feet high... Grows around ponds, and in shallow water... Pond-spice.

1856 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. (ed. 2) 380 T[etranthera] geniculata, Nees. (Pond Spice)... Swamps, Virginia and southward.

1972 G. A. Petrides Field Guide Trees & Shrubs 295 Pondspice, Litsea aestivalis... A rare southern shrub much like the related spicebushes.

2001 Post & Courier (Charleston, S. Carolina) (Nexis) 2 Mar. a1 Several ‘species of concern’ were also identified as living in the study area... They include the American bald eagle, the eastern wood rat, the pond spice—an aromatic plant, and the long-stemmed morning glory.

pond terrapin n. any of several freshwater turtles of the family Emydidae; esp. (British) (in full European pond terrapin) Emys orbicularis, which is widespread in southern and eastern Europe and adjoining areas, and (U.S.) the pond slider, Trachemys scripta.

ΚΠ

1921 Rep. Comm. U.S. Bureau Fisheries 1919 app. 7.12 In the turtle pen on the lower Illinois (Grafton) elegans..was known as the ‘pond terrapin’.

1978 E. N. Arnold & J. A. Burton Field Guide Reptiles & Amphibians Brit. & Europe 93 Emys orbicularis European Pond Terrapin... Most of Europe except N. and parts of centre.

1995 Conservation Biol. 9 267 (table) Turtles, Tortoises, and Terrapins... European pond terrapin (Emys orbicularis).

pond tortoise n. = pond terrapin n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > reptiles > order Chelonia (turtles and tortoises) > [noun] > suborder Cryptodira > family Emydidae (freshwater turtles) > member of (terrapin)

river tortoise1601

river turtle1672

terrapin1672

skilly-pot1807

emys1843

pond tortoise1862

redbelly1877

slider1877

1862 E. Hitchcock & C. H. Hitchcock Elem. Geol. (new ed.) 336 Eighteen species of crocodiles in a fossil state have been found in the tertiary; also nineteen species of land tortoises, seventeen species of pond tortoises, [etc.].

1884 F. W. True in G.B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 157 Three species of the genus Chrysemys, the Pond Tortoises, inhabit the United States.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xix. 522 The leatherback has its limbs turned into paddles.., and it is instructive to compare this thorough-going adaptation with the old-fashioned limbs of..the European pond-tortoises.

1997 Politiken Weekly 19 Feb. 1 The European pond tortoise was not supposed to have lived in the wild in Denmark for 3,000 years.

pond turtle n. any of various freshwater turtles of the family Emydidae; esp. (British ) the European pond terrapin, Emys orbicularis, and (U.S.) Emys (or Clemmys) marmorata of western North America.

ΚΠ

1852 Littell's Living Age 29 May 401/2 The pond turtles, (Emys decussata), in their turbid and tepid home..are most graphically described dozing in the sunshine or chequered shade.

1860 Explor. Route to Pacific (U.S. War Dept.) III. 292 Actinemys marmorata, Agass. The Western Pond Turtle... This [is] the only turtle yet known from the west of the Rocky mountains.

1952 A. Carr Handbk. Turtles 123 Pacific Pond Turtle—Clemmys marmorata marmorata.

1998 Conservation Biol. 12 354/2 In the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis), gonadal intersexuality has been observed in late embryonic stages.

pondwort n. see knight's pondwort n. at knight n. Compounds 1b.

pond yard n. now historical an area containing a fish pond or ponds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > fish-keeping, farming, or breeding > [noun] > fish-pond or -tank > yard

pond yard1339

1339–41 Manorial Documents in Mod. Philol. (1936) 34 41 (MED) Pondyerd.

1485 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 235 Pro firma Piscarii vocat' le pondyarde per annum xv^s.

?a1509 in L. T. Smith Common-place Bk. 15th Cent. (1886) 124 (MED) Item, Willm. Becket for the ponde yerd, ij d.

1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 110 All lands, tenements, gardens, medowes, waters, pondyards, [etc.].

1796 Sporting Mag. 7 142 He..built Verulam House, close by the pond-yard.

2001 Express (Nexis) 8 Sept. 65 The series of small gardens occupying what was the Pond Yard—where Bluff King Hal kept fish to supply his royal kitchens.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	pond
释义	pondn. Brit. /pɒnd/, U.S. /pɑnd/ Forms: Middle English poond, Middle English poonde, Middle English poynde, Middle English–1600s ponde, Middle English– pond, 1500s poude (transmission error), 1600s bond (in compounds, perhaps transmission error), 1600s pon. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: pound n.² Etymology: Originally a variant of pound n.² (see discussion of forms at that entry), now usually distinguished in form in the senses below (although compare pound n.² 4 for continuing semantic overlap). Compare pend n.¹It is unclear whether the following early examples in surnames and place names are to be interpreted as showing the sense ‘body of water’ or the sense ‘enclosure’ (see pound n.² and forms at that entry): (in surnames) Ricardus del Pond (1206), Sim. de la Pond' (1230), etc.; (in place names) Eliasponde (1225; Cambridgeshire, now lost). 1. a. A small body of still water of artificial formation, made either by excavating a hollow in the ground or by embanking and damming up a watercourse in a natural hollow. In early use frequently: †= fishpond n. 1a (obsolete).Frequently with defining word, as ducking, fish, horse, mill, curling-pond, etc.: see the first element.Recorded earliest in pondpenny n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > pond > [noun] pound1248 pond1287 piscinaa1398 piscinea1400 stewc1440 dike1788 pondlet1839 mardle1866 tank1898 suck-hole1909 1287 in F. J. Baigent Coll. Rec. & Documents Crondal (1891) 84 (MED) Reddendo inde per annum viij s. de gabulo, et iij d. de Pondpanny. c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Laud) (1901) 1173 (MED) My net hys ney honde In a wel fayr ponde [a1350 Harl. pende; c1300 Cambr. stronde]. c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) cvi. 34 (MED) He sett þe desert in pondes of waters. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 155^v A Ponde hat piscina and is water ygadrede to fedyng of fysshe, þogh ofte gaderyng of water withoute fisshe be yclepid piscina. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Psalms cxiii. 8 Which turnede a stoon in to pondis [v.r. a poond; a1382 Douce 369(1) poolis] of watris. 1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 286 A Poonde,..piscina, stagnum, viuarium. a1500 Piers of Fulham (James) in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1866) II. 4 (MED) Y schall none pondes with pykes store, Breme, perche, ne with tenche. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Ponde for fyshe, lucana, piscina... Ponde to washe shepe in, probatica piscina. 1622 M. Drayton 2nd Pt. Poly-olbion xxviii. 143 Neere to the foot..it makes a little Pon, Which in a little space conuerteth Wood to Stone. 1676 Lady Chaworth in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 34 Drownded by the breaking of ice upon a pond where he was sliding. 1713 R. North Disc. Fish & Fish-ponds vi. 17 The third Pond may be a Work of another Year..if the Ground lies fair for it. 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. IV. 167 A large pond, or ditch, on the east side of the city wall being drained. 1826 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 20 324 The exsiccation of the pond in St. James's Park. 1880 M. E. Braddon Just as I Am ii The pond and the fountain were as old as the house. 1915 W. Cather Song of Lark i. xx. 154 I guess I can make a pond for my duck. 1988 Garden News 3 Sept. 6/1 Due to high winds a lot of debris is likely to be landing in the pond. b. figurative and in figurative contexts. ΚΠ c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 175 (MED) Vchone ben iugged after her werkes & helle & þe dede ben sent in to þe ponde [v.r. pool; Fr. estanc; L. stagnum] of fyre, þat is, þe secounde deþ. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rev. xix. 20 These bothe were cast into a ponde off fyre burnynge with brymstone. 1555 R. Smith in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1563) 1262/2 That I may passe out of thys ponde, Wherein I am opprest. 1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse sig. H6 It proueth Caecias humorum leauing tow ponds of water (as hee tearmed them) behinde it which are conuerted into choler. 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 39 To make them dip themselves, and sound For Christendome in Dirty pond. 1729 H. Carey Poems 57 Namby Pamby's Little Rhimes, Little Jingle, Little Chimes, To repeat to Little Miss, Piddling Ponds of Pissy-Piss. 1787 A. Young Jrnl. 16 Oct. in Trav. France (1792) i. 65 His pond of quicksilver is considerable, containing 250lb. 1867 F. H. Ludlow Little Briggs & I 217 Skipping away their hard dollars on the bottomless pond of fancy cattle-breeding. 1955 G. Grigson Englishman's Flora 283 Jerusalem Cowslip..making a pond of azure in the woods. 1988 Oxf. Art Jrnl. 11 41 As a teeming pond of ideas..Modernism constitutes the dominant mode of understanding modern art. 2004 Now 2 June 97/1 New contacts..want to help you break out of a pond you grew too big for months ago. c. A natural pool or small lake; a mere, a tarn; a pool in a river or stream (now Australian). Also (chiefly North American): a lake or reservoir of any size. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] pooleOE seathc950 lakea1000 flosha1300 stanga1300 weira1300 water poolc1325 carrc1330 stamp1338 stank1338 ponda1387 flashc1440 stagnec1470 peel?a1500 sole15.. danka1522 linn1577 sound1581 flake1598 still1681 slew1708 splash1760 watering hole1776 vlei1793 jheel1805 slougha1817 sipe1825 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 25 (MED) Þere is a grete ponde þat conteyneþ þre score ylondes couenable for men to dwelle ynne. 1480 W. Caxton Descr. Brit. 6 Ther is a grete ponde that conteyneth lx ilondes. 1599 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 203 This place hath a great pond caused by the inundation of Nilus. 1620 tr. G. Boccaccio Decameron II. vi. x. f. 20^v When the Ladies were arriued... So they being in the Pond, and the water nothing troubled by their being there. 1693 H. Kelsey Kelsey Papers (1929) 3 This wood is poplo ridges with small ponds of water. There is beavour in abundance but no Otter. 1731 M. Catesby Nat. Hist. Carolina I. iv. Pl. 78 Fresh rivers and Ponds in the upper Parts of the Country. 1792 G. Cartwright Jrnl. I. Gloss. p. xv A part where the bed widens, inclining to a pond, and there is no perceptible stream. 1831 J. J. Audubon Ornithol. Biogr. I. 479 It searches for food..by the margins of such inland lakes as, on account of their small size, are called by us ponds. 1886 D. M. Gane New S. Wales & Vic. 197 It abounds, as do most Australian rivers, in ‘ponds’ or occasional basins, which are distinguishable by their dark and placid surfaces. 1932 C. M. Gray W. Victoria in Forties 8 During the night..I camped at a chain of ponds called the ‘Wardeyallock’. 1964 Canad. Geogr. Jrnl. Apr. 136 The salt sea laves one side of a barachois not twenty yards from a freshwater pond. 2003 AMC Outdoors Mag. Oct. 32/2 The roughly rectangular pond is boxed in by high, elephant-skin-textured cliffs. d. An artificial shallow pool in which water that has been heated in the course of an industrial process, esp. power generation, is stored to allow it to cool (cf. cooling pond n. at cooling n. Compounds 2); (also) a pool of water for receiving industrial waste. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > cooling agent or appliance > [noun] > means for cooling heated water for re-use cooling pond1850 cooling tower1876 pond1892 spray tower1937 1892 Power Dec. 4/4 The water from the hot well is here sprayed from a number of fountains, and also from a pipe extending around its border, into a large pond, the exposure cooling it sufficiently for the obtaining of a good vacuum. 1913 C. F. Hirshfeld & W. N. Barnard Elem. Heat-power Engin. xxxvii. 681 The water may be sprayed into the air and allowed to fall into a pond. 1953 M. S. Wolfe Bonanza Trail ii. 77 Oatman is a town of contrasts: a barren, taffy-colored tailings pond; rows of houses surrounded by flower beds [etc.]. 1996 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 3 Apr. 20 By around 2010, fuel from the first Swedish nuclear power stations—currently in ponds inside the..storage facility at Oskarshamn—will have cooled enough to be encased in steel. 2000 New Phytologist 145 431 The soil was collected from an old retention pond filled with tailings generated during the Zn–Pb ore oxidation process. e. An artificial shallow pool used in the treatment and concentration of sewage and slurry; = lagoon n.¹ 4. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > [noun] > lagoon wash1530 lagoon1612 jheel1805 sea-lake1816 haff1859 pound1867 pond1926 1926 Reno (Nevada) Evening Gaz. 17 Feb. 6/2 The old sewage ponds that were used formerly by the company. 1956 K. Imhoff et al. Disposal of Sewage xii. 205 The area of pond required for waste purification may be computed by means of the oxygen balance. 1973 T. H. Y. Tebbutt Water Sci. & Technol. ix. 138 In warm climates biological treatment is sometimes achieved in oxidation ponds. 1997 High Country News 9 June 8/3 Slurry ponds cause foul odors and can spill into local waterways. 2. Chiefly humorous. The sea, the ocean, esp. the North Atlantic Ocean. Usually with the, frequently as the big pond or the great pond. Cf. also herring-pond n., millpond n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > [noun] sea-floodc893 brimc937 streamc950 foamOE mereOE seaOE sea of (the) oceanc1300 brookc1400 float1477 strand1513 breec1540 burnc1540 broth1558 Thetisie1600 fishpond1604 brine1605 pond1612 Thetisc1620 brack1627 herring-pond1686 tide1791 black water1816 lave1825 briny1831 salt water1839 blue1861 swan's bath1865 puddle1869 ditch1922 oggin1945 the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > specific seas > [noun] > Atlantic Ocean Atlantica1387 Western Ocean1576 pond1612 Great Lake1684 mid-Atlantic1804 millpond1813 Middle Atlantic1826 puddle1869 whale-poola1876 1612 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. I. i. 20 Wee goe downe to the great deepe, the wombe of moisture, the well of fountaines, the great pond of the world. 1642 Times Alterations 1/4 It seemes that you have taken flight over the great Pond, pray what newes in England? 1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 374 Through this Womb of moisture the great pond of the World (as Bishop Hall terms the Ocean). 1780 Royal Gaz. (N.Y.) 22 Jan. Then Jack was sent across the Pond To take her in the rear, Sir. 1832 J. L. Motley Let. 24 May in Corr. (1889) I. ii. 11 I should have been very sorry to have crossed the Atlantic (or the pond, as the sailors call it) without a single storm. 1840 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker 3rd Ser. xviii He is..the best live one that ever cut dirt this side of the big pond. a1862 H. D. Thoreau Cape Cod (1865) x. 251 It is but a step from the glassy surface of the Herring Ponds to the big Atlantic Pond where the waves never cease to break. 1902 Outing June 345/1 [They] have hardly sustained their reputation on either side of the big pond. 1926 P. Whiteman & M. M. McBride Jazz xiii. 259 A good many of us go abroad nowadays—to Paris and London, anyway... We call it ‘jumping the Big Pond’. 1944 Q. Reynolds Curtain Rises i. 12 From Natal, you take the big jump across the pond. 2003 Eastern Eye 14 Feb. 1/1 He won't be crossing the pond to the US. 3. On a canal: = pound n.² 4(b). side pond, an enclosed body of water to the side of a lock, esp. providing extra displacement capacity when locks are close together. ΚΠ 1773 R. Whitworth Rep. & Surv. Canal Waltham-Abbey to Moorfields 7 From the upper or new Pond there are but few [pipes]. 1796 R. Fulton Treat. Improvem. Canal Navigation p. xiii To accomplish this work, it was proposed by his Lordship to form the ponds of canal at convenient distances. 1853 Times 15 July 6/3 This part of the canal is included in what is styled a ‘five-mile pond’, there being a lock at each end. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1342/1 Lock-bay, the pond or space of water between the gates of a canal-lock. 1907 N.E.D. at Pound sb.² The reach of a canal above a lock, etc. (in which sense pond and pound are used indifferently). 1958 Chambers Techn. Dict. (ed. 3) Side pond, a storage space at the side of a canal lock-chamber, the two being interconnected by a sluice. 1986 Guardian 26 Aug. 26/8 The canal..has been made navigable again except for four remaining stretches [including] the 12-mile Long Pond between Devizes and Wootton Rivers clogged by weed and mud. Compounds C1. General attributive and objective. pond dregs n. ΚΠ 1779 W. Marshall Exper. & Observ. conc. Agric. & Weather 22 Pond-dregs laid on a clayey Meadow, in November, are of no obvious service. 1991 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 13 Sept. a11 Water in the baby's bath like duck pond dregs and I'm down on my knees again scrubbing. pond earth n. ΚΠ 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §596 Pond-earth, or River-earth,..is a very good Compost. 1727 S. J. Vineyard 189 Divers Kinds of Earth, as Marle, Chalk,..Pond-Earth. 1989 D. Hall In Miserable Slavery (1999) viii. 200 She was..sent to work with Jimmy and Pompey carrying pond earth into the garden. pond hole n. ΚΠ 1785 M. Cutler in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 1 409 Cephalanthus... Common in watery swamps and pond-holes. 1870 St. Joseph (Mich.) Herald 27 Aug. We dug a large pond hole upon our farm, some three feet deep. 1999 D. Harker Landscape Restoration Handbk. App. 103/1 Two important physical characteristics of salt marshes are the meandering creeks and the pond holes or pans. pondkeeper n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > pond > [noun] > keeper of a pond pondkeeper1779 1779 G. White Let. 7 May in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 259 Five of those most rare birds..were shot upon the verge of Frinsham-pond... The pond keeper says there were three brace in the flock. 1909 Westm. Gaz. 12 Jan. 5/2 The pondkeeper was unavoidably absent from his post. 1992 Pract. Fishkeeping Mar. 88/1 The number one bugbear of pondkeepers, ‘pea-soup’ water. pond-maker n. ΚΠ 1400 in L. F. Salzman Building in Eng. (1992) v. 85 [William atte Hethe] pondemaker [was paid £6. 9s. 10d.]. 1482 in J. P. Collier Househ. Bks. John Duke of Norfolk & Thomas Earl of Surrey (1844) 184 Paied to the werkmen, tylers, carpenters, dawbers, and pond makers. 1632–3 MS Canterbury Marriage Licences William Cook of Hollingbourne, pondmaker. 1729 S. Switzer Introd. Gen. Syst. Hydrostaticks & Hydraulicks I. i. x. 131 It will prevent the Worms from working in the Clay, as our Pond-Makers in the West tell me. 1905 A. J. Hubbard & G. Hubbard Neolithic Dew-ponds 2 The gang of dew-pond makers commence operations by hollowing out the earth. 1994 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 24 July vi. 26/1 The pond seemed to be doing well,..at least to a novice pond-maker. pond mud n. ΚΠ 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 394 You must cool the Mould about the Roots with Pond-mud and Cow-dung. 1855 G. Emerson Farmer's & Planter's Encycl. Rural Affairs (new ed.) 773/1 Old heaps of weeds, pond-mud, scourings of ditches, and all the earths in which there is any organic matter. 2000 Nelson (N.Z.) Mail (Nexis) 21 Aug. 3 Tony Haddon releases eels that he recovered from the dumped pond mud. pondside n. ΚΠ 1582 W. W. True & Iuste Recorde Witches sig. G7 The tenth [pig] was drowned by the pond side being about a rod from y^e cote. 1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania 471 By a Pond side, where the Stagge had taken soile. 1735 Lives Most Remarkable Criminals III. (Appendix) 421 The Woman was found buried in her Cloaths, Close by the Pond-side. 1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 345 I had not lived there a week before my feet wore a path from my door to the pond-side. 1910 Daily Chron. 9 Apr. 7/3 The curious transparent globules that float about now in masses among the pond-side weeds. 1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 330/2 Water figwort, S. auriculata, is a similar species of river-banks, pondsides and damp meadows. pond water n. ΚΠ 1593 G. Markham Disc. Horsmanshippe iv. sig. K3 The standing pond water, which is fedde by a fresh spring. 1633 T. James Strange Voy. 45 This pond-water had a..lothsome smell. 1777 Farmer's Mag. Nov. 379 Add two parts of pond water to one of brine. 1875 T. H. Huxley & H. N. Martin Course Elem. Biol. (1883) 47 Chara flourishes in pond-water under the influence of sunlight. 1994 Esquire Aug. 104/2 That bitterish liquid, the color of stale pond water. C2. pond apple n. the tree Annona glabra, a custard apple of swampy places in tropical America and West Africa, esp. the Caribbean and Florida; (also) the large fruit of this tree, resembling an apple but barely edible. ΚΠ 1753 R. Poole Beneficent Bee 338/2 Here are Trees growing in it, bearing a Sort of Fruit somewhat resembling Apples, and are called Pond-Apples. 1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 23 Anona laurifolia..Pond apple. Common and reaching its greatest development within the United States on the low islands and shores of the Everglades. 1939 C. J. Hylander World of Plant Life 232 The Pond Apple or Custard Apple (Anona) trees have pungently aromatic leaves. 2002 Australian (Nexis) 27 Dec. 4 The North American-native pondapple was riddling paperbark stands and mangroves. pond-barrow n. British Archaeology a prehistoric burial place marked by a circular depression in the ground with a raised perimeter, rather than a mound. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > [noun] > archaeology > built structures pond-barrow1845 Zimbabwe1891 ploshchadka1913 stone ring1924 woodhenge1927 henge1932 society > communication > record > memorial or monument > [noun] > structure or erection > stone > circle > specific hurler1607 pond-barrow1845 sun circle1856 recumbent stone circle1933 1845 New Statist. Acct. Scotl. XIV. 254 A circular enclosure or ring, formed of small stones, having the earth somewhat scooped out in the interior..not unlike the pond-barrows of Wales. 1941 Proc. Prehistoric Soc. 7 89 The so-called pond-barrow consists of a slight depression,..the material from which has been placed round the circumference to form an embanked rim. 1998 J. Cope Mod. Antiquarian 218/1 The major remaining pond-barrow up on the hill between the Sanctuary and West Kennett Avenue. pond-bay n. English regional (south-eastern) a dam. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > artificially confined water > contrivance for impounding water > dam clowa1250 head?a1425 damc1440 weir-dike1518 bay1581 rampirea1586 anicut1784 pond-bay1863 1863 S. Smiles Industr. Biogr. 32 Dams of earth, called ‘pond-bays’, were thrown across watercourses. 1901 W. W. Capes Scenes Rural Life Hampshire 173 A stream..could be so dammed up as to provide convenient motive force. The dams were called pond-bays. 2003 Kent & Sussex Courier (Nexis) 6 June 8 The army-owned bridge..runs over the remains of a pond bay. pond bush n. †(a) the spicebush, Lindera benzoin (obsolete rare); (b) = pond spice n. ΚΠ 1818 A. L. Hillhouse tr. F. A. Michaux N. Amer. Sylva II. 150 [The red bay] is seen..around the ponds covered with the Laurus æstivalis, (Pond-bush). 1860 M. A. Curtis Woody Plants N. Carolina 92 Pond Bush. (Tetranthera geniculata, Nees.)—Occupies small ponds in the Lower District, giving a gray smoky aspect to these localities. 1960 R. A. Vines Trees, Shrubs, & Woody Vines Southwest 293 Pond-spice..common names include Pond-bush and crooked Swamp-bush. pond carp n. now historical the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, which was formerly often reared in ponds. ΚΠ 1716 P. Lamb Royal-cookery (ed. 2) 37 A River-Carp is reckon'd better than a Pond-Carp, and the yellower it is, the better. 1890 Cent. Dict. Pond-carp, the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, as bred in ponds: distinguished from river-carp. 1996 Amer. Hist. Rev. 101 665 In well-managed fishponds..humans had created a complex, stillwater ecosystem.., while feral offspring of the pond carp joined in the reshaping of wild aquatic ecosystems as well. † pondcaster n. Obsolete rare a person who digs ponds. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > earth-movers, etc. > [noun] > one who digs other structures hill-digger1521 sinker1584 pondcaster1602 navigator1775 dammer1816 navvy1829 muck-shifter1856 1602 Burford Reg. in Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Var. Coll. (1901) I. 166 [Wages for the day] For a Bondcaster [sic]..iij. 1655 Burford Reg. in Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Var. Coll. (1901) I. 172 For a Pondcaster v^d. pond culture n. the practice of breeding and keeping fish or other aquatic life in ponds. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > fish-keeping, farming, or breeding > [noun] pisciculture1807 water farming1811 fish-breeding1860 fish-hatching1862 fish-culture1865 aquiculture1867 mariculture1867 fish-farming1869 pond culture1883 aquaculture1887 aquafarming1896 sea-farming1962 1883 Times 25 Sept. 3/1 By developing..a system of pond culture, and by providing full-grown fish in suitable breeding places in waters adjacent to the rivers. 1997 Conservation Biol. 11 902/1 To introduce pond culture of bait fish in order to reduce pressure on haplochromine stocks. pond-cultured adj. (of fish or other aquatic life) bred and kept in ponds. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > [adjective] > freshwater freshc1325 lakish1661 landlocked1868 pond-cultured1969 1969 Sunday Times (Salisbury, Maryland) 23 Feb. a. 5/1 During 1969 the production of pond-cultured catfish will increase another 100 per cent. 1987 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 5 Aug. 22 Pond-cultured or farmed [catfish] is a perennial Southern favorite. pond cypress n. a bald cypress of the variety Taxodium distichum var. imbricarium (also called T. ascendens), occurring in wet coastal areas of the south-eastern U.S. ΚΠ 1901 C. T. Mohr Plant Life Alabama 325 Taxodium distichum imbricaria..Pond Cypress, Upland Cypress. 2001 Amer. Midland Naturalist 146 128 On the Gulf coastal plain cypress–gum wetlands are characterized by a dense canopy of pond cypress (Taxodium ascendens Brongr.) and swamp black gum. pond dipping n. the immersion of a person or thing in water; (now) esp. the collection of a sample of the wildlife in a pond by dipping a jar or net into the water. ΚΠ 1885 Trenton (New Jersey) Times 29 June How proud the Salemites and Bostonians must feel when they consider that their ancestors were engaged in the delightful occupation of ‘pond-dipping’ and otherwise maltreating aged women. 1959 T. R. E. Southwood & D. Leston Land & Water Bugs Brit. Isles App. 1. 402 The main methods of collecting are..pond dipping—for water bugs. 2004 Wildlife News May 12/1 Our education staff will help youngsters with pond dipping, minibeast hunting and wildlife-themed arts and crafts. pond dogwood n. the buttonbush of North America, Cephalanthus occidentalis. ΚΠ 1785 M. Cutler in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 1 409 Cephalanthus... Globe-Flower Shrub. Pond Dogwood. Button Bush... Common in watery swamps and pond-holes. 1833 A. Eaton Man. Bot. (ed. 6) ii. 87 Cephalanthus..occidentalis..button bush, pond dog-wood... Swamps. 1973 H. A. Stephens Woody Plants North Central Plains 458 Buttonbush, globe flower, honeyball, swamp sycamore, pond dogwood. pond duck n. (a) the mallard, Anas platyrhynchos; (b) U.S. the hooded merganser, Mergus cucullatus. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > wild mallard1314 wild duck1538 pond duck1678 flapper1747 paddler1882 wigeon1885 1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 371 Pond-Ducks. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 129 Pond-ducks..have a straight and narrow bill, a small hind toe, and a sharp pointed train. 1926 A. S. McQueen & H. Mizell Hist. Okefenokee Swamp (1949) 136 The pond duck is also a small duck... He gets his name from the fact that he feeds almost exclusively in the ponds in the pine woods adjacent to the Swamp. 1993 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 15 Oct. 17 I described the two creatures therein as ‘vaguely duck-like’, knowing that, whatever they were, the common or pond duck was probably a species wide of the mark. pond fish n. (a) any of various fishes reared or kept in ponds; esp. the common carp, Cyprinus carpio; (b) U.S. = pond perch n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > [noun] > defined by habitat > freshwater river fisha1398 pond fish1631 pulch1655 game fish1837 coarse fish1895 1631 tr. J. A. Comenius Porta Linguarum Reserata xv. §167 Pond-fishes are, a carpe, a breame, a pike.., a pearch, a tench. 1789 G. White Jrnl. 2 May (1970) xxii. 330 The long frost..has proued very destructive to pond-fish..except in those pools..thro' which passed a constant current of water. 1842 Nat. Hist. N.Y., Zool. iv. 31 The Common Pond Fish. Pomotis vulgaris... This beautiful little fish has derived one of its popular names viz. Sun-fish, from the glittering colors it displays while basking in the sun. 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 78/2 The gold and silver fish are of the carp species... These fish are known in the street trade as ‘globe’ and ‘pond’ fish... The larger fish are ‘pond’; the smaller, ‘globe’. 1903 T. H. Bean Fishes N.Y. 484 The common sunfish, or sunny, pumpkin seed, bream, tobacco box, and pondfish is one of the best known fishes of the United States. 1992 Pract. Fishkeeping Mar. 108/1 A viral infection called Carp Pox..is most common in pond fish in the winter or spring. pond frog n. U.S. any of various frogs that frequent ponds; esp. the green frog, Rana clamitans, of the eastern U.S. ΚΠ 1672 J. Josselyn New-Englands Rarities 38 The Indians will tell you, that up in the Country there are Pond Frogs as big as a Child of a year old. 1794 J. Morse Amer. Geogr. (new ed.) 169 Pond frog (Rana ocellata). 1832 W. D. Williamson Hist. Maine I. 169 Of the Frog kind are six species:—1. the Toad; 2. the pond Frog; 3. the speckled Frog; 4. the tree Toad; 5. the bull Frog; and 6. the green Frog. 1932 A. H. Wright Life-hist. Frogs of Okefinokee Swamp 352 Rana clamitans, Green Frog. Pond Frog. Spring Frog. 2004 Pacific Daily News (Hagatna, Guam) 1 Mar. 2 a The black-spotted pond frog's call is more like a croak, oink or a bark. pond head n. now chiefly historical a bank or dam which confines a pond; (also) the pond contained within such a bank or dam. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > artificially confined water > contrivance for impounding water > dam > types of mill-dam1182 warrant1406 pond head1465 coffer-dam1736 batardeau1767 gather-dam1768 frame dam1774 crib-dam1816 shutter-dama1884 suddc1900 needle gate1909 check-dam1936 gravity dam1940 1465 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 475 (MED) Also, he oweth my master be comenaunt, the makynge of hys ponde hede at Bachoues. 1567 in F. J. Baigent Coll. Rec. & Documents Crondal (1891) 166 Mylles, weares, myldammes, brydges, pondes, and ponde heades within the same mannor. 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. H2/1 Baye..is a pond head made vp of a great heith, to keep in a great quantitie or store of water. 1763 in J. Lloyd Old S. Wales Iron Wks. (1906) 73 To make such..channels..pondheads, stanks, and wears as they shall think fit. 1871 L. Colange Zell's Pop. Encycl. I. 244/2 A pond-head, or a pond formed by a dam for the purpose of driving mill-wheels. 1996 A. W. B. Simpson Leading Cases Common Law iii. 63 In the pleadings he is said to have come to the Pond Head. pond heron n. any of several small, short-necked Asian herons of the genus Ardeola; esp. (more fully Indian pond heron) A. grayii, which has mainly white wings and tail and is found from Iran to Burma (Myanmar) and Sri Lanka. ΚΠ 1887 Folk-lore Jrnl. 5 353 The quack of the pond heron flying over a house is a sign of the death of one of the inmates. 1968 S. Ali & S. D. Ripley Handbk. Birds India & Pakistan I. 63 Indian Pond Heron or Paddybird. Ardeola grayii grayii (Sykes). 2003 Nature 31 July 505/3 The additions to the Zoological Society's Gardens during the past week include..two Indian Rollers (Coracia indica), three Pond Herons (Ardeola grayi), five Scarlet-backed Flower-peckers.., [etc.]. pond hockey n. North American a game of ice hockey played outdoors, esp. by children on a frozen pond; also in extended use. ΚΠ 1955 Chicago Tribune 26 Feb. b5 As a youngster he played sandlot football and baseball and we suppose what would be called ‘pond’ hockey. 1976 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 12 Jan. 7/2 Big Pete told him that his team's performance that evening reminded him..of the pond hockey he knew so well as a kid. 2000 F. Reiken Lost Legends of New Jersey iv. 301 Anthony opened up the freezer, where for years he'd kept a stack of pucks ready for pond hockey. pond-hunter n. rare a naturalist who investigates or collects pond life. ΚΠ 1896 Daily News 12 Dec. 6/2 Kept in captivity..in the pond-hunter's aquarium. 1959 E. F. Linssen Beetles Brit. Isles I. 113 The beetle's presence in a pond-hunter's net will be made known by a squeaking sound. pond-land n. marsh, fenland. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] marsheOE fenc888 sladec893 moorOE mossOE marshlandlOE lay-fena1225 lay-mirea1225 moor-fenc1275 flosha1300 strother?a1300 marish1327 carrc1330 waterlanda1382 gaseync1400 quaba1425 paludec1425 mersec1440 sumpa1450 palus?1473 wash1483 morass1489 oozea1500 bog?a1513 danka1522 fell1538 soga1552 Camarine1576 gog1583 swale1584 sink1594 haga1600 mere1609 flata1616 swamp1624 pocosin1634 frogland1651 slash1652 poldera1669 savannah1671 pond-land1686 red bog1686 swang1691 slack1719 flowa1740 wetland1743 purgatory1760 curragh1780 squall1784 marais1793 vlei1793 muskeg1806 bog-pit1820 prairie1820 fenhood1834 pakihi1851 terai1852 sponge1856 takyr1864 boglet1869 sinkhole1885 grimpen1902 sphagnum bog1911 blanket bog1939 string bog1959 1686 in H. M. Burt First Cent. Hist. Springfield (1899) II. 270 Twenty acres..of Pond or Low Land by the Way to Hadley. 2000 Aberdeen Evening Express (Nexis) 1 July 16 Plenty of castle ruins, traditional farmyards and pond-land to explore. pond life n. (a) the organisms, esp. invertebrates, that live in ponds and still water; (b) depreciative (chiefly British) someone worthless or contemptible. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by habitat > [noun] > aquatic animal > that live in pond pond life1861 1861 H. J. Slack (title) Marvels of pond-life. 1923 Jrnl. Afr. Soc. 22 206 The rapidly drying pool with its pond-life approaching destruction. 1989 Empire Sept. 7/2 Hollywood's hottest execs: either you're in or you're pondlife. 1999 J. Burchill Married Alive xiii. 201 I distinctly felt the sexually perplexed pondlife run his hand up my leg and under my skirt. pond liner n. (a piece of) waterproof material (esp. flexible synthetic sheeting) used to form the lining of a garden pond. ΚΠ 1954 Traverse City (Mich.) Record-Eagle 9 July 4/3 The canal and pond-liner is coated with durable bituminous compounds. 1999 BBC Gardeners' World Apr. 168/2 (advt.) Pond Liners... Premiere Quality Black ‘Stapelite’ Butyl–Rubber. † pond-lock n. Obsolete = pound-lock n. ΚΠ 1794 J. Rennie Rep. Surv. Thames 22 I would therefore advise..a pond lock being placed adjoining the river. 1811 Two Rep. Thames Navigation 21 The excellent state of the navigation arises from the erection of pond-locks. pond marl n. Geology an earthy or calcareous deposit formed at the bottom of ponds. ΚΠ 1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 369 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV These accumulate as in the case of the testacea, and like the calcareous pond marls are both fossil and recent. 1974 Current Anthropol. 15 373/2 Lateral facies including pond marls rich in plant casts and impressions. pond mussel n. any of various bivalve molluscs found in ponds; esp. the swan mussel, Anodonta cygnea. ΚΠ 1727 P. Shaw & E. Chambers tr. H. Boerhaave New Method Chem. ii. 165 Mons. Mery, in his anatomy of the pond-mussel. 1859 C. Kingsley Glaucus (ed. 4) 68 The Common Pond-Mussel (Anodon Cygneus). 1931 E. G. Boulenger Fishes x. 89 The Bitterling..introduces her eggs into the mantle cavity of the Pond Mussel by means of an ovipositor and there the young hatch and develop. 1993 Connecticut Wildlife July–Aug. 10/1 Of these four mussels—brook floater, eastern pearlshell, yellow lampmussel and eastern pond mussel—the last two are considered extirpated. † pondpenny n. Obsolete a levy for the maintenance of ponds; cf. poundpenny n. at pound n.² Compounds. ΚΠ 1287Pondpanny [see sense 1a]. pond perch n. U.S. a freshwater sunfish of the genus Lepomis; esp. the pumpkinseed, L. gibbosus. ΚΠ 1764 J. Rowe Diary 22 Sept. (1895) 49 Caught..about four dozen of large pond perch. 1839 D. H. Storer Mass. Fishes 11 P[omotis] vulgaris. Fresh water Sun Fish. Pond Perch... Though seldom brought to market, it is considered by many, an excellent edible fish. 1946 F. LaMonte N. Amer. Game Fishes 139 Pumpkinseed... Other common names: pumpkinseed sunfish, yellow sunfish.., pond perch, [etc.]. 2001 Commerc. Appeal (Memphis, Tennessee) (Nexis) 11 May d9 Try down river on trot lines baited with pond perch. pond pickerel n. U.S. a pike or pickerel; esp. the chain pickerel, Esox niger. ΚΠ 1880 Wellsborough (Pa.) Agitator 16 Mar. 1/7 We..rowed to the spot and picked up the largest pond pickerel I ever saw. 1946 F. LaMonte N. Amer. Game Fishes 128 Eastern Pickerel, Chain Pickerel..Pond Pickerel. † pond pike n. U.S. Obsolete = pond pickerel n. ΚΠ 1865 T. Norris Amer. Angler's Bk. 138 The Pond Pike, or Common Pike. 1887 G. B. Goode Amer. Fishes 277 Esox americanus, the ‘Brook Pickerel’, or ‘Banded Pickerel’, sometimes also called the ‘Long Island Pickerel’, ‘Trout Pickerel’, and ‘Pond Pike’. pond pine n. a pine, Pinus serotina (often regarded as a subspecies or variety of the pitch pine, P. rigida), occurring in swamps and wetlands of the south-eastern U.S., with heavy, resinous wood used for lumber or pulpwood. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > pines and allies pine treeeOE pineOE pine-nut treec1330 pineapplec1390 pineapple treea1398 mountain pine1597 pine1597 mountain pine1601 frankincense1611 rosin flower?1611 black pine1683 Scotch pine1706 yellow pine1709 Jersey pine1743 loblolly pine1760 mugoa1768 Scots pine1774 Scotch fir1777 arrow plant1779 scrub pine1791 Georgia pine1796 old field pine1797 tamarack1805 grey pine1810 pond pine1810 New Jersey pine1818 loblolly1819 Corsican pine1824 celery-top pine1827 toatoa1831 heavy-wooded pine1836 nut pine1845 celery pine1851 celery-topped pine1851 sugar-pine1853 western white pine1857 Jeffrey1858 Korean pine1858 lodge-pole pine1859 jack pine1863 whitebark pine1864 twisted pine1866 Monterey pine1868 tanekaha1875 chir1882 slash-pine1882 celery-leaved pine1883 knee-pine1884 knobcone pine1884 matsu1884 meadow pine1884 Alaska pine1890 limber pine1901 bristlecone pine1908 o-matsu1916 insignis1920 radiata1953 1810 F. A. Michaux Histoire des Arbres Forestiers de l'Amérique Septentrionale I. 17 Pond pine (Pin des mares). 1905 C. S. Sargent Man. Trees N. Amer. 20 Pinus serotina, Michx. Pond Pine. Marsh Pine... Low wet flats or sandy or peaty swamps; North Carolina southward. 1994 Amer. Scientist Oct. 429/1 The reproduction of these plants is keyed to fire... This is true for serotinous pines, such as jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and pond pine (Pinus serotina). pond shrimp n. †(a) British a fairy shrimp (obsolete rare); (b) marine shrimps reared in ponds.Sense (a) is apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1890 Cent. Dict. Pond-shrimp, a phyllopod crustacean of the family Branchipodidæ. 1991 Fish Farming Internat. July 65/1 The consortium is engaged in a co-operative research program... It involves all aspects of intensive round pond shrimp culturing. 2003 Florida Times-Union (Jacksonville) (Nexis) 29 Jan. p1 A lot of people don't realize what pond shrimp have in them... Many times they have chemicals and other stuff. pond skater n. any insect of the heteropteran family Gerridae, which comprises slender-bodied predatory bugs that stand and run on the surface film of water, using the front legs for catching prey and the other legs for propulsion; esp. the common European Gerris lacustris; also called (chiefly U.S.) water strider. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Heteroptera > family Gerridae > member of (pond-skater) water skater1858 water strider1888 pond skater1895 water skeeter1900 strider1974 1895 L. C. Miall Nat. Hist. Aquatic Insects xiii. 382 The Pond-skaters stand or run upon the surface of the water, which they dimple but do not break. 1923 E. A. Butler Biol. Brit. Hemiptera-Heteroptera 244 Popularly known as pond-skaters or water-measurers, they attract the attention..by the free and easy way in which they dart along over the surface of the water. 1992 M. Atherden Upland Brit. vii. 116 Other insects are wholly aquatic, such as the water crickets, pond skaters, water boatmen, whirligig beetles and the water spider. pond slider n. a freshwater turtle, Trachemys scripta (family Emydidae), which has yellow markings on the carapace and is native from the central U.S. to northern South America. ΚΠ 1957 W. F. Blair et al. Vertebr. U.S. 292 Pseudemys scripta..Pond slider... Atlantic Coast from Virginia south..and west along Gulf Coast. 1990 J. Gilbert tr. M. Capula Macdonald Encycl. Amphibians & Reptiles No. 86 Trachemys scripta... The pond slider is active by day and frequents waters with muddy bottoms. pond snail n. any of numerous chiefly freshwater snails constituting the superorder Basommatophora; esp. any of several European snails of the genus Lymnaea (family Lymnaeidae), having a brown, conical shell. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > order Pulmonifera > Inoperculata > family Limnaeidae or Planorbidae > member of genus Limnaea pond snail1833 1833 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 123 771 The accurate Swammerdam observed them in the eggs of several of the garden and pond snails. 1889 M. E. Bamford Up & down Brooks 50 Pond-snails..surrounded by dancing beetles. 1985 K. Banister & A. Campbell Encycl. Underwater Life 266/1 The pond snails (superorder Basommatophora) have eyes at the base of their two tentacles. 1992 Times 15 Feb. (Weekend section) 15/7 It has taken more than two years to remove the great pond snails from my pond. pond spice n. an aromatic shrub, Litsea aestivalis (family Lauraceae), which has small yellow flowers and grows in ponds and swamps in the southern U.S. ΚΠ 1821 S. Elliott Sketch Bot. South-Carolina & Georgia I. 463 [Laurus] geniculata..a small tree, 10-15 feet high... Grows around ponds, and in shallow water... Pond-spice. 1856 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. (ed. 2) 380 T[etranthera] geniculata, Nees. (Pond Spice)... Swamps, Virginia and southward. 1972 G. A. Petrides Field Guide Trees & Shrubs 295 Pondspice, Litsea aestivalis... A rare southern shrub much like the related spicebushes. 2001 Post & Courier (Charleston, S. Carolina) (Nexis) 2 Mar. a1 Several ‘species of concern’ were also identified as living in the study area... They include the American bald eagle, the eastern wood rat, the pond spice—an aromatic plant, and the long-stemmed morning glory. pond terrapin n. any of several freshwater turtles of the family Emydidae; esp. (British) (in full European pond terrapin) Emys orbicularis, which is widespread in southern and eastern Europe and adjoining areas, and (U.S.) the pond slider, Trachemys scripta. ΚΠ 1921 Rep. Comm. U.S. Bureau Fisheries 1919 app. 7.12 In the turtle pen on the lower Illinois (Grafton) elegans..was known as the ‘pond terrapin’. 1978 E. N. Arnold & J. A. Burton Field Guide Reptiles & Amphibians Brit. & Europe 93 Emys orbicularis European Pond Terrapin... Most of Europe except N. and parts of centre. 1995 Conservation Biol. 9 267 (table) Turtles, Tortoises, and Terrapins... European pond terrapin (Emys orbicularis). pond tortoise n. = pond terrapin n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Chelonia (turtles and tortoises) > [noun] > suborder Cryptodira > family Emydidae (freshwater turtles) > member of (terrapin) river tortoise1601 river turtle1672 terrapin1672 skilly-pot1807 emys1843 pond tortoise1862 redbelly1877 slider1877 1862 E. Hitchcock & C. H. Hitchcock Elem. Geol. (new ed.) 336 Eighteen species of crocodiles in a fossil state have been found in the tertiary; also nineteen species of land tortoises, seventeen species of pond tortoises, [etc.]. 1884 F. W. True in G.B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 157 Three species of the genus Chrysemys, the Pond Tortoises, inhabit the United States. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xix. 522 The leatherback has its limbs turned into paddles.., and it is instructive to compare this thorough-going adaptation with the old-fashioned limbs of..the European pond-tortoises. 1997 Politiken Weekly 19 Feb. 1 The European pond tortoise was not supposed to have lived in the wild in Denmark for 3,000 years. pond turtle n. any of various freshwater turtles of the family Emydidae; esp. (British ) the European pond terrapin, Emys orbicularis, and (U.S.) Emys (or Clemmys) marmorata of western North America. ΚΠ 1852 Littell's Living Age 29 May 401/2 The pond turtles, (Emys decussata), in their turbid and tepid home..are most graphically described dozing in the sunshine or chequered shade. 1860 Explor. Route to Pacific (U.S. War Dept.) III. 292 Actinemys marmorata, Agass. The Western Pond Turtle... This [is] the only turtle yet known from the west of the Rocky mountains. 1952 A. Carr Handbk. Turtles 123 Pacific Pond Turtle—Clemmys marmorata marmorata. 1998 Conservation Biol. 12 354/2 In the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis), gonadal intersexuality has been observed in late embryonic stages. pondwort n. see knight's pondwort n. at knight n. Compounds 1b. pond yard n. now historical an area containing a fish pond or ponds. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > fish-keeping, farming, or breeding > [noun] > fish-pond or -tank > yard pond yard1339 1339–41 Manorial Documents in Mod. Philol. (1936) 34 41 (MED) Pondyerd. 1485 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 235 Pro firma Piscarii vocat' le pondyarde per annum xv^s. ?a1509 in L. T. Smith Common-place Bk. 15th Cent. (1886) 124 (MED) Item, Willm. Becket for the ponde yerd, ij d. 1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 110 All lands, tenements, gardens, medowes, waters, pondyards, [etc.]. 1796 Sporting Mag. 7 142 He..built Verulam House, close by the pond-yard. 2001 Express (Nexis) 8 Sept. 65 The series of small gardens occupying what was the Pond Yard—where Bluff King Hal kept fish to supply his royal kitchens. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). pondv. Brit. /pɒnd/, U.S. /pɑnd/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pond n. Etymology: < pond n. With sense 2 compare earlier pound v.² 4. Compare earlier ponded adj. 1. transitive. To throw or dip (a person) in a pond. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > condition of being or making wet > action or process of immersing or dipping > immerse or dip [verb (transitive)] > in a pond pond1657 1657 J. Watts Scribe, Pharisee 107 You ran out to the Anabaptist to be dipt and laver'd in a Pond, or to be ponded and plunged at Laver [in Essex]. 1796 F. Burney Camilla I. xxxii. 291 Not that I should like to be horse-ponded in the least, though I would submit to it for a punishment.] 1983 Verbatim Spring 1/2 Let's go pond a newb! 1988 Washington Monthly (Nexis) Nov. 38 Our attempts to pond one brother sent him to the emergency room for stitches on a cut above his eye. 2. a. transitive. To hold back or limit the flow of (a watercourse, drainage system, etc.) so that a lake or body of still water builds up. Frequently with back,up. Now chiefly Geology. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [verb (transitive)] > impound water pindeOE pen1576 pound1652 pond1673 the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > form a pool [verb (intransitive)] stagnea1552 pond1865 1673 [implied in: 1673 in H. M. Burt First Cent. Hist. Springfield (1899) II. 119 Provided it be not prejudiciall to the high way nor to any mans propriety by ponding up of water. (at ponding n. 1)]. 1742 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 3) I. 319 Another Flood-gate..ponds the whole River [Exe], so as to throw the waste Water, over a strong Stone Weir, into its natural Chanel. 1810 Bp. Copleston 1st Repl. Edinb. Rev. in Mem. (1851) 299 By so doing, we..pond back the wealth which ought to circulate through a thousand ducts and channels. 1865 A. Geikie Scenery & Geol. Scotl. vii. 200 The mass of ice which choked up the mouth of Glen Spean, and ponded back the water. 1894 Sir C. Moncrieff in Working Men's College Jrnl. Dec. 130 Drop-gates, to be kept down during low Nile so as to pond up the water. 1929 Geogr. Jrnl. 74 468 The ice slopes were fairly gentle and the drainage was ponded against an ice ridge. 1968 C. Embleton Glacial & Periglacial Geomorphol. ii. xii. 286 In the Cary phase of the Wisconsinan glaciation, the Wisconsin River was ponded by ice at Wisconsin Dells. 2003 Irish Times (Nexis) 6 Dec. 58 North Atlantic Deep Water..is ponded up behind a ridge between Greenland and Scotland, but periodically it overflows and rolls southwards. b. transitive. Geology. To create or enlarge (a lake) by obstructing a watercourse or drainage system. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [verb (transitive)] > impound water > produce a lake by pond1898 1898 Jrnl. Amer. Geogr. Soc. N.Y. 30 190 In such north-sloping valleys, glacial lakes were ponded back in places where now no lakes exist. 1949 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 60 1383/2 The proglacial lakes that are supposed to have been ponded by the advancing Nebraskan ice in the upper drainage of the Teays River. 1971 Nature 8 Oct. 391/1 Potassium–argon determinations on trachyte lavas which possibly ponded the former Chemoigut lake gave results of 1·1 and 1·2 m.y. 1983 Science 30 Sept. 1397/2 Lake Missoula..became transiently hydraulically ponded by each successive constriction in the Channeled Scabland and Columbia River Valley. 3. intransitive. Of a liquid: to accumulate, collect, esp. by being obstructed; to form a pond or ponds. ΚΠ 1726 A. Smith Mem. Jonathan Wild 190 A Stream of Blood on the Floor, which run along 'till it Ponded in the bending of the Floor to a very great Quantity. 1787 G. Washington Diary 30 Nov. (1979) V. 222 The water..was ponding in wet weather. 1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. (at cited word) Here, Jim! urn down and onchuck the gutter, the water's pondin all back the road. 1893 Whitby Gaz. 3 Nov. 3/7 So that no sewage can pond in the channels or escape from them. 1979 Sunset Apr. 117/2 Water should never be allowed to pond anywhere on your property. 2001 High Country News 23 Apr. 9/3 They died where they had passed out on the tunnel floor, probably drowned in the muck and waters that had ponded behind the fallen bodies. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1287v.1657
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pondn.

Compounds

pondv.