acridadj.

Brit.

/ˈakrɪd/, U.S.

/ˈækrəd/

Forms: 1600s acred, 1600s acride, 1600s– acrid.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin ācris , ācer , -id suffix¹.

Etymology: Irregularly < classical Latin ācris, variant (also feminine form) of ācer sharp, bitter, pungent, acute, keen, energetic, fierce, violent ( < the same base as acūtus acute adj., acidus acid adj., acerbus acerb adj.) + -id suffix¹ (see discussion at -id suffix¹). Considerably earlier currency is probably implied by quot. 1547 at acridity n. 1 (see discussion at that entry). Compare Middle French acre , French âcre having a strong or irritating odour or taste (1564; 1611 in Cotgrave in figurative use; 14th cent. in sense ‘acting rapidly’), corrosive (1680). Compare later (more regularly formed) acrious adj., and also earlier acrimonious adj.Compare also the following for (apparently isolated) Middle English borrowing of classical Latin ācer:?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 66^v Ar þe acre ycorez & bityng [?c1425 Paris bytinge and scharp humours; L. acres et mordaces ycores] clensed & wiped.

1. Bitterly pungent to the organs of taste or smell, or to the skin, etc.; irritating; corrosive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > [adjective] > bitter

baskc1175

to do amerec1400

fell?c1425

gallyc1530

rhubarba1586

bitterish1605

acrimonious1617

acrid1633

rodent1633

absinthiana1635

gallish1648

acroamare1657

absinthiala1857

absinthine1862

1633 T. Johnson Gerard's Herball (new ed.) i. xcvi. 176 The wilde Leeke hath leaues much like vnto those of Crow-garlicke, but larger, and more acride.

1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. vii. v. 253 Wherefore they cannot endure acrid [Fr. acres] and biting medicines.

1657 B. W. tr. B. Bauderon Expert Phisician i. 3 The second heat different from the former is acrid and mordent, arising from putrified matter.

1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 221 Of an acrid astringent taste.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet ii. 296 Stimulating Substances abounding with a pungent acrid Salt.

1764 T. Reid Inq. Human Mind vi. §21, 187 Gnawed and corroded by some acrid humour.

1785 W. Cowper Task i. 448 The mariner, his blood inflamed With acrid salts.

1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 129 This resin is extremely acrid, causing excoriations and blisters if applied to the skin.

1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh ii. 49 The sweat of labour in the early curse Has (turning acrid in six thousand years) Become the sweat of torture.

1868 A. Bain Mental & Moral Sci. 39 In the third class of tastes, there is present an element arising through the nerves of Touch..The acrid combines the fiery with the bitter.

1906 J. Galsworthy Man of Prop. 254 From slow fires rose the sweet, acrid smoke that, like the cuckoo's note for spring, the scent of lime-trees for the summer, is the true emblem of the fall.

1960 C. Day Lewis Buried Day vii. 130 The prevailing wind brought the acrid smell of slag-tips from the Mansfield collieries.

1991 D. Mortman Wild Rose v. xxxv. 704 A bilious, acrid taste filled Katalin's mouth.

2. Bitterly irritating to the feelings; of bitter and irritating temper or manner. N.E.D. (1884) notes: ‘Stronger than acrimonious’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > sourness or bitterness of temper > [adjective]

bitter?c1225

sour?c1225

envenomedc1375

envenomousa1420

crabbed1565

gallish1595

verjuice1598

vinegar-tart1599

soury1647

acrid1681

acrious1682

sourish1688

embittered1694

subacid1760

verjuiced1836

acidulent1837

vinaigrous1837

vinegar1847

vinegary1847

soured1848

acerbic1853

acidulous1865

acerbate1869

acerbitous1870

snake-headed1920

sour-pussed1952

1681 J. Bairdy Balm from Gilead 148 Be intreated (in the bowels of Christ) to remit and relent of your Acrid fervor, and bring your dispositions and differences to some temper, and manage your discord with more sobriety.

1753 tr. F. I. Espiard de la Borde Spirit of Nations v. xviii. 357 This always gives a Kind of acrid Turn to the Temper.

1781 W. Cowper Charity 503 Their acrid temper turns, as soon as stirred, The milk of their good purpose all to curd.

1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes iv. 243 He was found, close at hand, to be no mean acrid man; but at heart, a healthful, strong, sagacious man.

1862 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire VII. lxiv. 342 Tacitus grows more acrid, more morbid in temper, even to the last.

1886 D. Hannay Adm. Blake (1888) i. 9 There was hypocrisy and spite and acrid priggery on the side of the Parliament.

1934 G. Greene It's a Battlefield ii. 80 Once they became a little acrid over Rex v. Hindle, but afterwards in the corridor Conrad Drover saw them arm in arm going off to lunch.

1994 L. A. Graf Traitor Winds v. 60 Leong barked an acrid laugh.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	acrid
释义	† acridn. Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Greek ἀκρίδ-, ἀκρίς. Etymology: < ancient Greek ἀκρίδ-, ἀκρίς locust, of unknown origin.One of the words introduced by Sir John Cheke (see quot. a1557) in attempting to give a closer rendition of the Greek New Testament. Obsolete. rare. A locust. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Orthoptera > family Locustidae > member of (locust) grasshopOE langustec1200 skippera1325 locustc1350 honeysucklea1387 honeysucka1398 lungoutec1485 grasshopper1526 acrida1557 ophiomach1609 locustid1878 a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) iii. 31 His meat was acrids and wild honi. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2021). acridadj. Brit. /ˈakrɪd/, U.S. /ˈækrəd/ Forms: 1600s acred, 1600s acride, 1600s– acrid. Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin ācris , ācer , -id suffix¹. Etymology: Irregularly < classical Latin ācris, variant (also feminine form) of ācer sharp, bitter, pungent, acute, keen, energetic, fierce, violent ( < the same base as acūtus acute adj., acidus acid adj., acerbus acerb adj.) + -id suffix¹ (see discussion at -id suffix¹). Considerably earlier currency is probably implied by quot. 1547 at acridity n. 1 (see discussion at that entry). Compare Middle French acre , French âcre having a strong or irritating odour or taste (1564; 1611 in Cotgrave in figurative use; 14th cent. in sense ‘acting rapidly’), corrosive (1680). Compare later (more regularly formed) acrious adj., and also earlier acrimonious adj.Compare also the following for (apparently isolated) Middle English borrowing of classical Latin ācer:?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 66^v Ar þe acre ycorez & bityng [?c1425 Paris bytinge and scharp humours; L. acres et mordaces ycores] clensed & wiped. 1. Bitterly pungent to the organs of taste or smell, or to the skin, etc.; irritating; corrosive. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > [adjective] > bitter baskc1175 to do amerec1400 fell?c1425 gallyc1530 rhubarba1586 bitterish1605 acrimonious1617 acrid1633 rodent1633 absinthiana1635 gallish1648 acroamare1657 absinthiala1857 absinthine1862 1633 T. Johnson Gerard's Herball (new ed.) i. xcvi. 176 The wilde Leeke hath leaues much like vnto those of Crow-garlicke, but larger, and more acride. 1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. vii. v. 253 Wherefore they cannot endure acrid [Fr. acres] and biting medicines. 1657 B. W. tr. B. Bauderon Expert Phisician i. 3 The second heat different from the former is acrid and mordent, arising from putrified matter. 1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 221 Of an acrid astringent taste. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet ii. 296 Stimulating Substances abounding with a pungent acrid Salt. 1764 T. Reid Inq. Human Mind vi. §21, 187 Gnawed and corroded by some acrid humour. 1785 W. Cowper Task i. 448 The mariner, his blood inflamed With acrid salts. 1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 129 This resin is extremely acrid, causing excoriations and blisters if applied to the skin. 1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh ii. 49 The sweat of labour in the early curse Has (turning acrid in six thousand years) Become the sweat of torture. 1868 A. Bain Mental & Moral Sci. 39 In the third class of tastes, there is present an element arising through the nerves of Touch..The acrid combines the fiery with the bitter. 1906 J. Galsworthy Man of Prop. 254 From slow fires rose the sweet, acrid smoke that, like the cuckoo's note for spring, the scent of lime-trees for the summer, is the true emblem of the fall. 1960 C. Day Lewis Buried Day vii. 130 The prevailing wind brought the acrid smell of slag-tips from the Mansfield collieries. 1991 D. Mortman Wild Rose v. xxxv. 704 A bilious, acrid taste filled Katalin's mouth. 2. Bitterly irritating to the feelings; of bitter and irritating temper or manner. N.E.D. (1884) notes: ‘Stronger than acrimonious’. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > sourness or bitterness of temper > [adjective] bitter?c1225 sour?c1225 envenomedc1375 envenomousa1420 crabbed1565 gallish1595 verjuice1598 vinegar-tart1599 soury1647 acrid1681 acrious1682 sourish1688 embittered1694 subacid1760 verjuiced1836 acidulent1837 vinaigrous1837 vinegar1847 vinegary1847 soured1848 acerbic1853 acidulous1865 acerbate1869 acerbitous1870 snake-headed1920 sour-pussed1952 1681 J. Bairdy Balm from Gilead 148 Be intreated (in the bowels of Christ) to remit and relent of your Acrid fervor, and bring your dispositions and differences to some temper, and manage your discord with more sobriety. 1753 tr. F. I. Espiard de la Borde Spirit of Nations v. xviii. 357 This always gives a Kind of acrid Turn to the Temper. 1781 W. Cowper Charity 503 Their acrid temper turns, as soon as stirred, The milk of their good purpose all to curd. 1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes iv. 243 He was found, close at hand, to be no mean acrid man; but at heart, a healthful, strong, sagacious man. 1862 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire VII. lxiv. 342 Tacitus grows more acrid, more morbid in temper, even to the last. 1886 D. Hannay Adm. Blake (1888) i. 9 There was hypocrisy and spite and acrid priggery on the side of the Parliament. 1934 G. Greene It's a Battlefield ii. 80 Once they became a little acrid over Rex v. Hindle, but afterwards in the corridor Conrad Drover saw them arm in arm going off to lunch. 1994 L. A. Graf Traitor Winds v. 60 Leong barked an acrid laugh. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1557adj.1633
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† acridn.

acridadj.