pons asinorumn.

Brit.

/ˌpɒnz ˌasᵻˈnɔːrəm/, U.S.

/ˈˌpɑnz ˌæsəˈnɔrəm/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pons asinorum.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin pons asinorum, literally ‘bridge of asses’ (c1480–90 in sense 1, a1630 in sense 2, 1649 in sense ‘argument used to support a weak case’, 1689 in sense 3) < classical Latin pōns bridge (see pons n.) + asinōrum , genitive plural of asinus (see ass n.¹)), probably after Middle French pont aux asgnes (15th cent. in sense ‘bridge over which asses have to be driven’; compare Old French batre com asne a pont ‘beat someone as if driving an ass over a bridge’ (1179)). Compare Middle French, French pont aux asnes (1532 in sense 1 (Rabelais), 1584 in sense 2, 1611 ‘helpe at a pinch, for a dunce’ (Cotgrave), 1690 in sense 3) and German Eselsbrücke (1735 in sense 1, 1774 in senses 2 and 3, 1783 in sense ‘mnemonic’). Post-classical Latin pons asinorum is attested as a translation of a place-name in a document of 1288 from Bruges.The sense development in post-classical Latin, like that in French, English, and German, suggests uncertainty as to whether the bridge helps the ass to progress (hence sense 1 and some later sense-development in Latin, French, and German) or whether it deters the ass which is led across it, as suggested in senses 2 and 3 (the proposition named in the latter sense being the first real difficulty encountered by a reader working through Euclid) and by the earliest French evidence. It has been suggested that asses were unwilling to go onto humpbacked bridges because they could not see beyond the summit as they began to cross.

1. Logic. A diagram or method for finding the middle term of a syllogism in Aristotle's Prior Analytics.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > [noun] > middle term > diagram or method for finding

pons asinorum1641

1641 J. Johnson Acad. Love 49 But now to speake something of the Tract De arte inveniendi medii, which wee otherwise call Pons asinorum, this is all framed of pretious stones, whose cement is gold and silver.

1735 Bayle's Gen. Dict. Hist. & Crit. (new ed.) II. 226/1 As to the Sophism, called Buridan's Ass, That may very well be nothing else but the Pons Asinorum of the Logicians.

1894 J. Venn Symbolic Logic (ed. 2) xx. 505 Another kind [of diagram]..is the Figure invented for helping the disputant in the discovery of Middle Terms, and which was long known as the Pons Asinorum.

1960 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 25 58 Part II ends with..Philoponus (concerning the pons asinorum of syllogistic logic).

2. An obstacle or problem which will defeat an unskilled or foolish person.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > [noun] > that which is difficult > something difficult to overcome or master

pons asinorum1645

1645 D. Featley Καταβάπτισται Κατάπτυστοι: Dippers Dipt 40 Our Argument..may be truly called, in regard of the Anabaptists, pons asinoroum, a bridge, which these asses could never passe over.

1691 J. Dunton Voy. round World v. 106 Let that turn out to, and break its Neck or drown it self over its own Pons Asinorum.

1845 R. Ford Hand-bk. Travellers in Spain I. ii. 217 This bridge was the pons asinorum of the French, which the English never suffered them to cross.

1870 Eng. Mech. 4 Feb. 502/1 He knows the operation..to be the pons asinorum of incompetent workmen.

1991 Profession (Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer.) 45/2 You will have crossed the network's pons asinorum when you accomplish your first transfer of a stored file from a remote node to your own account on the mainframe.

3. Geometry. The fifth proposition of the first book of Euclid's Elements, which states that the angles at the base of an isosceles triangle are equal. Cf. ass's bridge n. at ass n.¹ Compounds 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > mathematical enquiry > proposition > theorem > specific theorem

pons asinorum1718

Fermat's theorem1845

Bernoulli's theorem1865

Fermat's last theorem1865

Fourier's theorem1880

remainder theorem1886

Stokes' theorem1893

Jordan('s) (curve) theorem1900

Waring's theorem1920

Gödel's theorem1933

maximin1953

incompleteness theorem1955

Schwarz inequality1955

1718 S. Keimer Brand Pluck'd from Burning 64 He squar'd the Circle before 'em, Thro' Pons Asinorum made way. [Note] i.e. Asses bridge; a Proposition in Euclid.

1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle I. xviii. 130 Peregrine..began to read Euclid..but he had scarce advanced beyond the Pons Asinorum, when his ardor abated.

1844 Yale Literary Mag. 9 321 In studying Euclid the principal diagrams are drawn upon their backs with the rattan, and to assist them in crossing the ‘Pons Asinorum’, they are frequently ‘horsed’.

1878 Melbourne Rev. 3 348 As regards the propositions of Book I., our old familiar friend, the pons asinorum, has vanished.

1930 Philos. Rev. 39 264 The case of a student working out the proof of the Euclidean pons asinorum.

1998 J. L. Heilbron Geom. Civilized iii. 84 We come to the Bridge of Asses. That is the nickname—the pons asinorum—that medieval students of geometry..gave the fifth proposition of the first book of Euclid's Elements.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pons asinorum
释义	pons asinorumn. Brit. /ˌpɒnz ˌasᵻˈnɔːrəm/, U.S. /ˈˌpɑnz ˌæsəˈnɔrəm/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pons asinorum. Etymology: < post-classical Latin pons asinorum, literally ‘bridge of asses’ (c1480–90 in sense 1, a1630 in sense 2, 1649 in sense ‘argument used to support a weak case’, 1689 in sense 3) < classical Latin pōns bridge (see pons n.) + asinōrum , genitive plural of asinus (see ass n.¹)), probably after Middle French pont aux asgnes (15th cent. in sense ‘bridge over which asses have to be driven’; compare Old French batre com asne a pont ‘beat someone as if driving an ass over a bridge’ (1179)). Compare Middle French, French pont aux asnes (1532 in sense 1 (Rabelais), 1584 in sense 2, 1611 ‘helpe at a pinch, for a dunce’ (Cotgrave), 1690 in sense 3) and German Eselsbrücke (1735 in sense 1, 1774 in senses 2 and 3, 1783 in sense ‘mnemonic’). Post-classical Latin pons asinorum is attested as a translation of a place-name in a document of 1288 from Bruges.The sense development in post-classical Latin, like that in French, English, and German, suggests uncertainty as to whether the bridge helps the ass to progress (hence sense 1 and some later sense-development in Latin, French, and German) or whether it deters the ass which is led across it, as suggested in senses 2 and 3 (the proposition named in the latter sense being the first real difficulty encountered by a reader working through Euclid) and by the earliest French evidence. It has been suggested that asses were unwilling to go onto humpbacked bridges because they could not see beyond the summit as they began to cross. 1. Logic. A diagram or method for finding the middle term of a syllogism in Aristotle's Prior Analytics. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > [noun] > middle term > diagram or method for finding pons asinorum1641 1641 J. Johnson Acad. Love 49 But now to speake something of the Tract De arte inveniendi medii, which wee otherwise call Pons asinorum, this is all framed of pretious stones, whose cement is gold and silver. 1735 Bayle's Gen. Dict. Hist. & Crit. (new ed.) II. 226/1 As to the Sophism, called Buridan's Ass, That may very well be nothing else but the Pons Asinorum of the Logicians. 1894 J. Venn Symbolic Logic (ed. 2) xx. 505 Another kind [of diagram]..is the Figure invented for helping the disputant in the discovery of Middle Terms, and which was long known as the Pons Asinorum. 1960 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 25 58 Part II ends with..Philoponus (concerning the pons asinorum of syllogistic logic). 2. An obstacle or problem which will defeat an unskilled or foolish person. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > [noun] > that which is difficult > something difficult to overcome or master pons asinorum1645 1645 D. Featley Καταβάπτισται Κατάπτυστοι: Dippers Dipt 40 Our Argument..may be truly called, in regard of the Anabaptists, pons asinoroum, a bridge, which these asses could never passe over. 1691 J. Dunton Voy. round World v. 106 Let that turn out to, and break its Neck or drown it self over its own Pons Asinorum. 1845 R. Ford Hand-bk. Travellers in Spain I. ii. 217 This bridge was the pons asinorum of the French, which the English never suffered them to cross. 1870 Eng. Mech. 4 Feb. 502/1 He knows the operation..to be the pons asinorum of incompetent workmen. 1991 Profession (Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer.) 45/2 You will have crossed the network's pons asinorum when you accomplish your first transfer of a stored file from a remote node to your own account on the mainframe. 3. Geometry. The fifth proposition of the first book of Euclid's Elements, which states that the angles at the base of an isosceles triangle are equal. Cf. ass's bridge n. at ass n.¹ Compounds 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > mathematical enquiry > proposition > theorem > specific theorem pons asinorum1718 Fermat's theorem1845 Bernoulli's theorem1865 Fermat's last theorem1865 Fourier's theorem1880 remainder theorem1886 Stokes' theorem1893 Jordan('s) (curve) theorem1900 Waring's theorem1920 Gödel's theorem1933 maximin1953 incompleteness theorem1955 Schwarz inequality1955 1718 S. Keimer Brand Pluck'd from Burning 64 He squar'd the Circle before 'em, Thro' Pons Asinorum made way. [Note] i.e. Asses bridge; a Proposition in Euclid. 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle I. xviii. 130 Peregrine..began to read Euclid..but he had scarce advanced beyond the Pons Asinorum, when his ardor abated. 1844 Yale Literary Mag. 9 321 In studying Euclid the principal diagrams are drawn upon their backs with the rattan, and to assist them in crossing the ‘Pons Asinorum’, they are frequently ‘horsed’. 1878 Melbourne Rev. 3 348 As regards the propositions of Book I., our old familiar friend, the pons asinorum, has vanished. 1930 Philos. Rev. 39 264 The case of a student working out the proof of the Euclidean pons asinorum. 1998 J. L. Heilbron Geom. Civilized iii. 84 We come to the Bridge of Asses. That is the nickname—the pons asinorum—that medieval students of geometry..gave the fifth proposition of the first book of Euclid's Elements. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1641
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