pontifexn.

Brit.

/ˈpɒntᵻfɛks/, U.S.

/ˈpɑn(t)əˌfɛks/

Inflections: Plural pontifices Brit.

/pɒnˈtɪfᵻsiːz/, U.S.

/pɑnˈtɪfəˌsiz/.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin pontific-, pontifex.

Etymology: < classical Latin pontific-, pontifex Roman high priest, in post-classical Latin also pope (4th cent.), bishop (5th cent.; frequently from 7th cent. in British sources), archbishop (frequently from 8th cent. in British sources), apparently (following ancient etymologists) < ponti- , alternative stem of pōns bridge (see pons n.) + -fic- , -fex , combining form of facere to do, make (see fact n., int., and adv.), though this may represent merely a folk etymology. Compare Old French pontifex Jewish high priest (c1000).In sense 4 chiefly used punningly or allusively with reference to the supposed etymology.

1. Roman History. A member of the principal college of priests in ancient Rome; a high priest in ancient Rome. Cf. pontiff n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > ancient Roman

father patrate1533

fetial1533

flamen1533

pontifex1579

pontiff1600

septemvir1600

pontifice1603

Arval Brethren1656

Salian1781

1565 W. Alley Πτωχομυσεῖον v. f. 128^v An high priest is called in latine Pontifex.]

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 73 The first and chiefest of these bishoppes, which they call the great Pontifex.

1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 633 The emperors called themselues Pontifices.

1647 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Sixteen Satyrs 63 There was in Rome a colledge of pontifices, which were exempted from the authority of any lay-court of judicature.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 438 He transcended the Roman Pontifices themselves, and discovered their Ignorance as to many points of their Religion.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Diffareation The dissolving of Marriages contracted by Confarreation; which were those of the Pontifices.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 16 From the commencement to nearly the conclusion of the Roman empire, the king was always priest or pontifex.

1842 Promethean Feb. 31/1 The pontifices..increased or shortened the year..and thus made the calendar a fruitful source of abuse.

1881 S. H. Hodgson Outcast Ess. 384 Long as the Pontifex and Silent Maid Shall go together up the Capitol.

1942 Trans. & Proc. Amer. Philol. Assoc. 73 8 The pontifices had had as yet no real indication of the radical course that Caesar was later to follow.

2004 Sun Herald (Sydney) (Nexis) 25 Jan. 56 After every lustrum the chief priest, called the pontifex, would engage in a ritual cleansing of the city.

2. Christian Church. A bishop, esp. the Pope; = pontiff n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > pope > [noun]

popeeOE

apostoilec1275

vicary1303

vicar1340

bridge maker1341

Antichristc1370

vicar generalc1386

Holy Fatherc1400

servant of the servants of Godc1405

His Holy Fatherhood?a1425

universal bishopc1475

holiness1502

harlot1535

papa1555

Apostolic seat1560

vicegerent1572

man of Rome1581

pontiff1583

bullman1588

apostolicship1599

Pontifex Maximus1610

infallibleship1613

sanctity1633

popeship1641

decretaliarch1656

blessedness1670

Holy seata1674

infallibilityship1679

pontifexa1680

holyshipc1680

unholiness1682

His Infallibility1834

Pape1927

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xv. 42 (MED) Bisshopes yblessed, þei bereth many names: Presus and pontifex and metropolitanus.]

?1592 A. Willet Sacrorum Emblematum Centuria Una xxii. sig. D3^v Who doth Gods word so much disgrace..His bonnet white, Pontifex his name?

1633 G. Wither Ivvenilia 72 If in their climing they so high can wex, To gain the title of a Pontifex.

a1680 T. Goodwin Wks. (1683) II. i. vii. 64 Thus as he is called Papa (the Pope) they profess themselves Papists, or to be of the Pope as their Head. And as he is called Pontifex, they are called Pontificii.

1775 C. Lee in Mem. Life C. Lee (1792) 146 What will add to the terror of the appearance will be their Reverend Pontifex himself.

1825 L. M. Child Rebels v. 58 Perhaps we might add a reverend pontifex, with bands and robe floating in the air, leading them on to victory.

1851 R. Hussey Rise Papal Power v. 132 The Bishop of Rome, the Pontifex, is the spiritual sovereign of the world.

2002 America (Nexis) 1 Apr. 28 What a wonderful time to be a parish priest and to share in the bishop's role of pontifex!

3. = pontiff n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > [noun]

bishopc893

prelate?c1225

prince of priests?c1225

high priestc1400

pontificala1450

emperor clerkc1475

gentleman untrial1486

dignitya1525

Aaron1565

hierarch1574

presul1577

monsignor1579

church governor1588

pontiff1589

archbishop1600

monseigneur1601

monsignor1611

sheikh1613

protomist1619

Mar1622

hyperochality1637

protarch1654

pontifex1655

prelatical1658

dignitary1672

hierophanta1676

Monsig.1698

ecclesiarch1781

arch-pontiff1790

Mgr1848

Msgr.1868

patriarch-

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 84 In their spiritual government they [sc. the Jews in England] were all under one Pontifex, or High Priest.

1896 Soc. Psychical Res. 7 14 The original inscription..read: ‘to the god Ninib, son of Bel, his lord, has Kurigalzu, pontifex of Bel, presented this’.

1934 M. Josephson Robber Barons xiii. 308 They were brought together at the instance of the pontifex of banking to compose a Magna Carta of Railroad Barons.

1997 R. Hughes Amer. Visions iv. 210 Bernard Berenson..would rise to become the feared and waspish pontifex of I Tatti, the world's ultimate authority on Italian Renaissance painting and sculpture.

4. A bridge-maker. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > builder > [noun] > builders of other structures

barn-builder1604

redeemera1610

Babel builder1610

vaulter1648

superstructor1669

pontifex1686

bridge-builder1752

bridger1958

1686 J. F. G. Careri Let. 6 Apr. in Coll. Voy. & Trav. (1732) 88/1 Jucundus on the Seyne two bridges laid, For which he well may Pontifex be said. Pontifex has here a double meaning, as signifying a bridge-maker; whereas the true acceptation of it is a bishop.

1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. xi. 28/2 Never perhaps since our first Bridge-builders, Sin and Death, built that stupendous Arch from Hell-gate to the Earth, did any Pontifex, or Pontiff, undertake such a task.

1877 Outl. Hist. Relig. 237 No special deity claimed the services of the Pontifices, the bridge- or road-makers.

1927 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Instit. 57 248 Moses was a Pontifex indeed. His device, whatever it may have been, perhaps the choice of an interval between the floods, became a miracle.

1999 Hinduism Today (Nexis) 30 Apr. 25 He was a Pontifex..a man throwing bridges over different rivers. Vedic heritage and Greek Pagan thought, Hindu worldview and Germanic tradition.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pontifex
释义	pontifexn. Brit. /ˈpɒntᵻfɛks/, U.S. /ˈpɑn(t)əˌfɛks/ Inflections: Plural pontifices Brit. /pɒnˈtɪfᵻsiːz/, U.S. /pɑnˈtɪfəˌsiz/. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin pontific-, pontifex. Etymology: < classical Latin pontific-, pontifex Roman high priest, in post-classical Latin also pope (4th cent.), bishop (5th cent.; frequently from 7th cent. in British sources), archbishop (frequently from 8th cent. in British sources), apparently (following ancient etymologists) < ponti- , alternative stem of pōns bridge (see pons n.) + -fic- , -fex , combining form of facere to do, make (see fact n., int., and adv.), though this may represent merely a folk etymology. Compare Old French pontifex Jewish high priest (c1000).In sense 4 chiefly used punningly or allusively with reference to the supposed etymology. 1. Roman History. A member of the principal college of priests in ancient Rome; a high priest in ancient Rome. Cf. pontiff n. 3. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > ancient Roman father patrate1533 fetial1533 flamen1533 pontifex1579 pontiff1600 septemvir1600 pontifice1603 Arval Brethren1656 Salian1781 1565 W. Alley Πτωχομυσεῖον v. f. 128^v An high priest is called in latine Pontifex.] 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 73 The first and chiefest of these bishoppes, which they call the great Pontifex. 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 633 The emperors called themselues Pontifices. 1647 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Sixteen Satyrs 63 There was in Rome a colledge of pontifices, which were exempted from the authority of any lay-court of judicature. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 438 He transcended the Roman Pontifices themselves, and discovered their Ignorance as to many points of their Religion. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Diffareation The dissolving of Marriages contracted by Confarreation; which were those of the Pontifices. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 16 From the commencement to nearly the conclusion of the Roman empire, the king was always priest or pontifex. 1842 Promethean Feb. 31/1 The pontifices..increased or shortened the year..and thus made the calendar a fruitful source of abuse. 1881 S. H. Hodgson Outcast Ess. 384 Long as the Pontifex and Silent Maid Shall go together up the Capitol. 1942 Trans. & Proc. Amer. Philol. Assoc. 73 8 The pontifices had had as yet no real indication of the radical course that Caesar was later to follow. 2004 Sun Herald (Sydney) (Nexis) 25 Jan. 56 After every lustrum the chief priest, called the pontifex, would engage in a ritual cleansing of the city. 2. Christian Church. A bishop, esp. the Pope; = pontiff n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > pope > [noun] popeeOE apostoilec1275 vicary1303 vicar1340 bridge maker1341 Antichristc1370 vicar generalc1386 Holy Fatherc1400 servant of the servants of Godc1405 His Holy Fatherhood?a1425 universal bishopc1475 holiness1502 harlot1535 papa1555 Apostolic seat1560 vicegerent1572 man of Rome1581 pontiff1583 bullman1588 apostolicship1599 Pontifex Maximus1610 infallibleship1613 sanctity1633 popeship1641 decretaliarch1656 blessedness1670 Holy seata1674 infallibilityship1679 pontifexa1680 holyshipc1680 unholiness1682 His Infallibility1834 Pape1927 c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xv. 42 (MED) Bisshopes yblessed, þei bereth many names: Presus and pontifex and metropolitanus.] ?1592 A. Willet Sacrorum Emblematum Centuria Una xxii. sig. D3^v Who doth Gods word so much disgrace..His bonnet white, Pontifex his name? 1633 G. Wither Ivvenilia 72 If in their climing they so high can wex, To gain the title of a Pontifex. a1680 T. Goodwin Wks. (1683) II. i. vii. 64 Thus as he is called Papa (the Pope) they profess themselves Papists, or to be of the Pope as their Head. And as he is called Pontifex, they are called Pontificii. 1775 C. Lee in Mem. Life C. Lee (1792) 146 What will add to the terror of the appearance will be their Reverend Pontifex himself. 1825 L. M. Child Rebels v. 58 Perhaps we might add a reverend pontifex, with bands and robe floating in the air, leading them on to victory. 1851 R. Hussey Rise Papal Power v. 132 The Bishop of Rome, the Pontifex, is the spiritual sovereign of the world. 2002 America (Nexis) 1 Apr. 28 What a wonderful time to be a parish priest and to share in the bishop's role of pontifex! 3. = pontiff n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > [noun] bishopc893 prelate?c1225 prince of priests?c1225 high priestc1400 pontificala1450 emperor clerkc1475 gentleman untrial1486 dignitya1525 Aaron1565 hierarch1574 presul1577 monsignor1579 church governor1588 pontiff1589 archbishop1600 monseigneur1601 monsignor1611 sheikh1613 protomist1619 Mar1622 hyperochality1637 protarch1654 pontifex1655 prelatical1658 dignitary1672 hierophanta1676 Monsig.1698 ecclesiarch1781 arch-pontiff1790 Mgr1848 Msgr.1868 patriarch- 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 84 In their spiritual government they [sc. the Jews in England] were all under one Pontifex, or High Priest. 1896 Soc. Psychical Res. 7 14 The original inscription..read: ‘to the god Ninib, son of Bel, his lord, has Kurigalzu, pontifex of Bel, presented this’. 1934 M. Josephson Robber Barons xiii. 308 They were brought together at the instance of the pontifex of banking to compose a Magna Carta of Railroad Barons. 1997 R. Hughes Amer. Visions iv. 210 Bernard Berenson..would rise to become the feared and waspish pontifex of I Tatti, the world's ultimate authority on Italian Renaissance painting and sculpture. 4. A bridge-maker. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > builder > [noun] > builders of other structures barn-builder1604 redeemera1610 Babel builder1610 vaulter1648 superstructor1669 pontifex1686 bridge-builder1752 bridger1958 1686 J. F. G. Careri Let. 6 Apr. in Coll. Voy. & Trav. (1732) 88/1 Jucundus on the Seyne two bridges laid, For which he well may Pontifex be said. Pontifex has here a double meaning, as signifying a bridge-maker; whereas the true acceptation of it is a bishop. 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. xi. 28/2 Never perhaps since our first Bridge-builders, Sin and Death, built that stupendous Arch from Hell-gate to the Earth, did any Pontifex, or Pontiff, undertake such a task. 1877 Outl. Hist. Relig. 237 No special deity claimed the services of the Pontifices, the bridge- or road-makers. 1927 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Instit. 57 248 Moses was a Pontifex indeed. His device, whatever it may have been, perhaps the choice of an interval between the floods, became a miracle. 1999 Hinduism Today (Nexis) 30 Apr. 25 He was a Pontifex..a man throwing bridges over different rivers. Vedic heritage and Greek Pagan thought, Hindu worldview and Germanic tradition. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1579
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