Pontifex Maximusn.

Brit.

/ˌpɒntᵻfɛks ˈmaksᵻməs/, U.S.

/ˈˌpɑn(t)əˌfɛks ˈmæksəməs/

Forms: also with lower-case initials.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pontifex maximus.

Etymology: < classical Latin pontifex maximus head of the principal college of priests in ancient Rome, in post-classical Latin also the Pope (c1500 in a British source) < pontifex pontifex n. + maximus greatest (see maximum n.).

1. Roman History. The head of the principal college of priests in ancient Rome; the chief priest of ancient Rome.In quot. 1845, punningly with reference to the supposed derivation of pontifex (cf. pontifex n.).

ΚΠ

1579 W. Fulke Refut. Rastels Confut. in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 755 So did Nero, and was Pontifex Maximus.

1590 L. Lloyd First Pt. Diall of Daies sig. C3^v After followed the religious men, the high Bishop, called Pontifex Maximus, the Priestes Flamines, & their Augures, Southsayers.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iv. xlv. 365 Pontifex Maximus..was the name of him that in the ancient Common-wealth of Rome, had the Supreme Authority under the Senate and People, of regulating all Ceremonies and Doctrines concerning their Religion.

1726 J. Breval Remarks Several Parts Europe I. 136 Many of the Roman Emperors themselves were Flames..and they all of them were proud to assume the Title of Pontifex Maximus.

1777 P. Thicknesse Year's Journey France & Spain II. xlii. 83 The consecration of the Roman Pontifex Maximus.

1845 R. Ford Hand-bk. Travellers in Spain I. vii. 528 It is indeed a bridge, and worthy of its builder, Trajan—a true Pontifex maximus.

1868 Harper's Mag. Aug. 395/2 The Great Annals, kept by the Pontifex Maximus.

1900 Times 13 Feb. 15/3 This sacrarium was entered on certain occasions by the Pontifex Maximus and the Vestals.

1957 F. L. Cross Oxf. Dict. Christian Church 1089/2 Pontifex Maximus,..originally a pagan title of the chief priest at Rome.

2002 Classical Philol. 97 53 A figure stands on the right whose toga is drawn up over his head in the manner of pontifex maximus.

2. Christian Church. The head of a college of bishops; spec. the Pope.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > pope > [noun]

popeeOE

apostoilec1275

vicary1303

vicar1340

bridge maker1341

Antichristc1370

vicar generalc1386

Holy Fatherc1400

servant of the servants of Godc1405

His Holy Fatherhood?a1425

universal bishopc1475

holiness1502

harlot1535

papa1555

Apostolic seat1560

vicegerent1572

man of Rome1581

pontiff1583

bullman1588

apostolicship1599

Pontifex Maximus1610

infallibleship1613

sanctity1633

popeship1641

decretaliarch1656

blessedness1670

Holy seata1674

infallibilityship1679

pontifexa1680

holyshipc1680

unholiness1682

His Infallibility1834

Pape1927

1610 J. Donne Pseudo-martyr ix. 250 That stile of Pontifex Maximus, which either is not due to the Pope, or else is so sublime and transcendant a name, as Bellarmine could bring it within no Rule nor Predicament.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iv. xlv. 365 The Bishop of Constantinople..pretended to bee equall to the Bishop of Rome; though at last, not without contention, the Pope carryed it, and became the Pontifex Maximus.

1710 S. Ewer Answer Mr. E. Hitchin's Bk. iv. 66 Mr H. will not grant, that the Appointment of a Pontifex Maximus, or High Priest, under the Old Testament, is sufficient to authorize the setting up of a Pontifex Maximus, or Pope, under the New.

1737 W. Barrowby tr. J. Astruc Treat. Venereal Dis. II. v. 237 Cardinal Rodericus de Borgia, who was..promoted to the Arch-bishoprick by his uncle Pope Calixtus the III. in the year 1455. Chosen Pontifex Maximus 1492.

1875 Times 23 Oct. 4/2 The Pope is in no way impeded in the exercise of his office of Pontifex Maximus.

1947 H. Finer Amer. Destiny iv. 85 After his ascent in 1073 to the seat of Pontifex Maximus as Gregory VII..[Hildebrand] pressed forward the unifying influence of Christianity.

2003 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 5 Oct. 1 d If the chosen cardinal assents, he immediately becomes Pontifex Maximus, the Holy Roman Pontiff.

3. Any high priest or leader of a cult. Also in extended use.

ΚΠ

1659 H. Hammond Paraphr. & Annot. New Test. (ed. 2) 201/1 'Tis manifest, both that Annas was not the Pontifex Maximus at this time, & that Caiaphas was.

1769 T. Smollett Hist. & Adventures Atom I. 32 He..raised the happy Bonza to the rank of Pontifex Maximus, or chief priest, in the temple of Fakku-basi.

1893 Times 10 Jan. 13/4 Upon no bed of roses..can the Emperor of China lie. The ceremonial functions of his life, whether as Supreme Ruler or as Pontifex Maximus of his people, are manifold.

1934 New Statesman 3 Nov. 614/2 Stalin has exiled Trotsky and become the Pontifex Maximus of the new Russo-Catholic Church of Communism.

1993 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 4 Nov. 58/1 In 1963, as pontifex maximus of the Old American republic, Wilson is speaking out with a Roman hardness and clarity.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pontifex maximus
释义	Pontifex Maximusn. Brit. /ˌpɒntᵻfɛks ˈmaksᵻməs/, U.S. /ˈˌpɑn(t)əˌfɛks ˈmæksəməs/ Forms: also with lower-case initials. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pontifex maximus. Etymology: < classical Latin pontifex maximus head of the principal college of priests in ancient Rome, in post-classical Latin also the Pope (c1500 in a British source) < pontifex pontifex n. + maximus greatest (see maximum n.). 1. Roman History. The head of the principal college of priests in ancient Rome; the chief priest of ancient Rome.In quot. 1845, punningly with reference to the supposed derivation of pontifex (cf. pontifex n.). ΚΠ 1579 W. Fulke Refut. Rastels Confut. in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 755 So did Nero, and was Pontifex Maximus. 1590 L. Lloyd First Pt. Diall of Daies sig. C3^v After followed the religious men, the high Bishop, called Pontifex Maximus, the Priestes Flamines, & their Augures, Southsayers. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iv. xlv. 365 Pontifex Maximus..was the name of him that in the ancient Common-wealth of Rome, had the Supreme Authority under the Senate and People, of regulating all Ceremonies and Doctrines concerning their Religion. 1726 J. Breval Remarks Several Parts Europe I. 136 Many of the Roman Emperors themselves were Flames..and they all of them were proud to assume the Title of Pontifex Maximus. 1777 P. Thicknesse Year's Journey France & Spain II. xlii. 83 The consecration of the Roman Pontifex Maximus. 1845 R. Ford Hand-bk. Travellers in Spain I. vii. 528 It is indeed a bridge, and worthy of its builder, Trajan—a true Pontifex maximus. 1868 Harper's Mag. Aug. 395/2 The Great Annals, kept by the Pontifex Maximus. 1900 Times 13 Feb. 15/3 This sacrarium was entered on certain occasions by the Pontifex Maximus and the Vestals. 1957 F. L. Cross Oxf. Dict. Christian Church 1089/2 Pontifex Maximus,..originally a pagan title of the chief priest at Rome. 2002 Classical Philol. 97 53 A figure stands on the right whose toga is drawn up over his head in the manner of pontifex maximus. 2. Christian Church. The head of a college of bishops; spec. the Pope. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > pope > [noun] popeeOE apostoilec1275 vicary1303 vicar1340 bridge maker1341 Antichristc1370 vicar generalc1386 Holy Fatherc1400 servant of the servants of Godc1405 His Holy Fatherhood?a1425 universal bishopc1475 holiness1502 harlot1535 papa1555 Apostolic seat1560 vicegerent1572 man of Rome1581 pontiff1583 bullman1588 apostolicship1599 Pontifex Maximus1610 infallibleship1613 sanctity1633 popeship1641 decretaliarch1656 blessedness1670 Holy seata1674 infallibilityship1679 pontifexa1680 holyshipc1680 unholiness1682 His Infallibility1834 Pape1927 1610 J. Donne Pseudo-martyr ix. 250 That stile of Pontifex Maximus, which either is not due to the Pope, or else is so sublime and transcendant a name, as Bellarmine could bring it within no Rule nor Predicament. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iv. xlv. 365 The Bishop of Constantinople..pretended to bee equall to the Bishop of Rome; though at last, not without contention, the Pope carryed it, and became the Pontifex Maximus. 1710 S. Ewer Answer Mr. E. Hitchin's Bk. iv. 66 Mr H. will not grant, that the Appointment of a Pontifex Maximus, or High Priest, under the Old Testament, is sufficient to authorize the setting up of a Pontifex Maximus, or Pope, under the New. 1737 W. Barrowby tr. J. Astruc Treat. Venereal Dis. II. v. 237 Cardinal Rodericus de Borgia, who was..promoted to the Arch-bishoprick by his uncle Pope Calixtus the III. in the year 1455. Chosen Pontifex Maximus 1492. 1875 Times 23 Oct. 4/2 The Pope is in no way impeded in the exercise of his office of Pontifex Maximus. 1947 H. Finer Amer. Destiny iv. 85 After his ascent in 1073 to the seat of Pontifex Maximus as Gregory VII..[Hildebrand] pressed forward the unifying influence of Christianity. 2003 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 5 Oct. 1 d If the chosen cardinal assents, he immediately becomes Pontifex Maximus, the Holy Roman Pontiff. 3. Any high priest or leader of a cult. Also in extended use. ΚΠ 1659 H. Hammond Paraphr. & Annot. New Test. (ed. 2) 201/1 'Tis manifest, both that Annas was not the Pontifex Maximus at this time, & that Caiaphas was. 1769 T. Smollett Hist. & Adventures Atom I. 32 He..raised the happy Bonza to the rank of Pontifex Maximus, or chief priest, in the temple of Fakku-basi. 1893 Times 10 Jan. 13/4 Upon no bed of roses..can the Emperor of China lie. The ceremonial functions of his life, whether as Supreme Ruler or as Pontifex Maximus of his people, are manifold. 1934 New Statesman 3 Nov. 614/2 Stalin has exiled Trotsky and become the Pontifex Maximus of the new Russo-Catholic Church of Communism. 1993 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 4 Nov. 58/1 In 1963, as pontifex maximus of the Old American republic, Wilson is speaking out with a Roman hardness and clarity. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1579
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