possen.¹

Brit.

/ˈpɒseɪ/, U.S.

/ˈpɑseɪ/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin posse.

Etymology: < classical Latin posse to be able, to be possible, to have power, to avail, also as noun, power, ability, in post-classical Latin also force, body of men (from 13th cent. in British sources), (in scholastic terminology) potentiality, capability of being < potis having the power, able ( < the same Indo-European base as Gothic -faþs (in bruþfaþs bridegroom: see bride n.¹) + esse to be (see esse n.), after collocations such as potis est he is able.The stem pot- of the perfect and of the present participle of the Latin verb is of separate origin, cognate with Oscan pútíad, pútíans (equivalent to classical Latin possit, possint, 3rd singular and plural subjunctive of posse); in post-classical Latin (Vetus Latina) a present stem was formed analogically on this, giving e.g. infinitive potere.

The fact or state of being possible; possibility, potentiality (opposed to esse). Chiefly (and slightly earlier) in in posse adv. Cf. esse n. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > potentiality > [noun]

possea1592

making1623

potentiality1625

potentialness1668

existibility1677

pregnancy1818

a1592 R. Greene Mamillia (1593) ii. sig. H4^v She which is vicious in her youth may be vertuous in her age: I graunt indeede it may be, but it is hard to bring the posse into esse.

1659 R. Baxter Key for Catholicks i. xxxix. 282 If the question [of sin] be only of the posse, and not of the act.

1794 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1956) I. 107 However you have both the Esse & the Posse of my poor Muse.

1888 N. Amer. Rev. Aug. 229 One phase of the problem of [educational] reform..touches the moral side of life, the esse, not the posse, and sinks to the very tap-root of training.

1966 G. L. Keyes Christian Faith & Interpr. Hist. iii. 109 Civitas Dei and Civitas Terrena are not to be identified, in quasi-Platonic fashion, with esse and posse, Form and Imitation, the intelligible and the sensational.

1972 Times 15 Feb. 12/2 Mr Lambton has failed..to distinguish with sufficient care between esse and posse.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

possen.²

Brit.

/ˈpɒsi/, U.S.

/ˈpɑsi/

Forms: 1500s– posse, 1700s possee.

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: posse comitatus n.

Etymology: Short for posse comitatus n. Compare: 1314–15 Rolls of Parl. I. 327/1 Mandetur Majori et Balliuis [Oxonie] quod insequantur cum toto posse suo transgressores.

a. An assembled force, band, or company, often with hostile intent (cf. posse comitatus n. 2); also figurative. Also (now usually without negative connotation): any throng or assembled group (of persons, animals, or things); a clutch.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > strong or powerful

posse1645

posse comitatus1679

1645 T. Fuller Good Thoughts in Bad Times i. xv. 39 All the Posse of Hell, cannot violently eject me.

1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. ii. 160 No longer able To raise your Posse of the Rabble.

1723 B. Mandeville Fable Bees (ed. 2) i. 331 I see a Thousand Rods in Piss, and the whole Posse of diminutive Pedants against me.

1728 J. Swift Let. to Dublin Weekly Jrnl. 14 Sept. With these two single considerations I outbalanced the whole posse of articles that weighed just now against me.

1787 W. Beckford Portuguese Jrnl. 10 June (1954) 72 A whole posse of the young lady's kindred—brothers, cousins and uncles—stood ready at the street door to usher me upstairs.

1839 B. Webster Village Doctor i. i. 8 I met Mr. Ferdinand, M. d'Herigny, and a posse of their friends, who were just entering the Carreau Wood, to hunt.

1841 C. M. Sedgwick Lett. from Abroad II. 71 Found her flying from a posse of cock-turkeys.

1954 O. Sitwell Four Continents p. xiv A strong posse of monkeys swung, capered and gibbered happily.

1982 F. Raphael Byron 59 He posed a posse of rhetorical questions.

1990 Flight Internat. 25 July 45/1 May I suggest that the Transport Secretary, together with a posse of ministers, visits Heathrow and Gatwick.

b. colloquial. A set of (esp. young) people associated by being members of a peer group.

ΚΠ

1985 A. M. Walters Race, Class, & Polit. Symbols vii. 263 [In 1982] the d.j.'s developed a specialized presentation... 'Posse' was used to refer to any group.

1991 Straight No Chaser Winter 21/1 He..jammed with both a posse of M-Base acolytes from Belgium and with Surinamese musicians based in Amsterdam.

2001 Star 6 Jan. 82/1 There are about 20 seats up there, so there was Leo and his posse and his mom all watching the movie.

c. slang (originally Jamaican Criminals' slang). A gang involved in organized or violent, often drug-related, crime. Cf. yardie n.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker > criminal gang > specific

camorra1865

the Mafia1866

Unione Siciliana1906

Cosa Nostra1963

Union Corse1963

Yamaguchi-gumi1964

posse1986

amalaita2016

1986 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 22 Dec. 39/6 Police have identified the largest and most feared Jamaican gangs as the ‘Shower Posse’..and the ‘Spangler Posse’.

1987 Boston July 108/3 Enforcement agents blame Jamaican posses for some 500 homicides and..gun-running.

1989 Observer 25 June (Colour Suppl.) 29 A Nigerian conman and drugs dealer..sold an East London ‘posse’ of five black Jamaicans a batch of ‘formula’, or fake cannabis.

1995 N. Blincoe Acid Casuals xiv. 102 The Western Union was the first posse to use guns in Manchester.

2000 Commerc. Appeal (Memphis, Tennessee) (Nexis) 10 Sept. a6 Blake, a former posse leader, has agreed to help attack the Caribbean drug pipelines.

a. The population of local able-bodied men whom a sheriff may summon to repress a riot, pursue felons, etc. In later use usually (chiefly U.S.): a particular body of men so raised and commanded by a local sheriff; = posse comitatus n. 1. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > law enforcement > law-enforcement or peace-officer > [noun] > body of men summoned as posse

power of the county (also shire)a1325

posse comitatus1576

posse1646

1646 J. Rushworth Let. to W. Lenthall 4 And Friday being the day for the Posse of the whole Countrey to appear at Bodman; all the North part of Cornwal refused to appear.

1691 D. Defoe New Discov. Old Intreague vi. 13 Who early for the Princes Cause began: The Posse rais'd.

1720 D. Manley Power of Love v. 281 When Mrs. Vrsula was gone down in order to raise the Possee, if there should be occasion.

1781 S. Peters Gen. Hist. Connecticut 108 The polite New-Yorkers..sent the posse of Albany to eject the possessors.

1840 Niles' National Reg. 21 Mar. 48/3 Sheriff Fitler, with a large posse, was on the ground and made many arrests.

1901 Westm. Gaz. 5 Dec. 11/1 A pitched battle was fought..at Rockhill, Missouri, between the Sheriff's posse and the miners on strike.

1988 R. J. Conley Witch of Goingsnake & Stories 99 The posse rode up the hillside to just below the crest, and there they dismounted and were divided into four small groups by the sheriff.

1994 Denver Post 18 Sept. c3/1 The sheriff's legal right to spirit up a posse of local worthies derives from America's frontier days.

b. Any group of persons acting as a force with legal authority; spec. a detachment of police officers sent to deal with a particular incident, emergency, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > law enforcement > law-enforcement or peace-officer > [noun] > constable > body of

posse1697

1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xvii. 483 They need not have sent an armed Posse for me.

1753 Scots Mag. June 305/2 A posse of constables..appeared.

1800 P. Colquhoun Treat. Commerce & Police R. Thames iii. 93 A posse of Marine Police Officers receiving information... On attempting a search [etc.].

1884 Graphic 11 Oct. 371/1 An extra posse of policemen.

1897 W. Beatty Secretar 88 Having at his back..a posse of the city-guard.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	posse
释义	possen.¹ Brit. /ˈpɒseɪ/, U.S. /ˈpɑseɪ/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin posse. Etymology: < classical Latin posse to be able, to be possible, to have power, to avail, also as noun, power, ability, in post-classical Latin also force, body of men (from 13th cent. in British sources), (in scholastic terminology) potentiality, capability of being < potis having the power, able ( < the same Indo-European base as Gothic -faþs (in bruþfaþs bridegroom: see bride n.¹) + esse to be (see esse n.), after collocations such as potis est he is able.The stem pot- of the perfect and of the present participle of the Latin verb is of separate origin, cognate with Oscan pútíad, pútíans (equivalent to classical Latin possit, possint, 3rd singular and plural subjunctive of posse); in post-classical Latin (Vetus Latina) a present stem was formed analogically on this, giving e.g. infinitive potere. The fact or state of being possible; possibility, potentiality (opposed to esse). Chiefly (and slightly earlier) in in posse adv. Cf. esse n. 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > potentiality > [noun] possea1592 making1623 potentiality1625 potentialness1668 existibility1677 pregnancy1818 a1592 R. Greene Mamillia (1593) ii. sig. H4^v She which is vicious in her youth may be vertuous in her age: I graunt indeede it may be, but it is hard to bring the posse into esse. 1659 R. Baxter Key for Catholicks i. xxxix. 282 If the question [of sin] be only of the posse, and not of the act. 1794 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1956) I. 107 However you have both the Esse & the Posse of my poor Muse. 1888 N. Amer. Rev. Aug. 229 One phase of the problem of [educational] reform..touches the moral side of life, the esse, not the posse, and sinks to the very tap-root of training. 1966 G. L. Keyes Christian Faith & Interpr. Hist. iii. 109 Civitas Dei and Civitas Terrena are not to be identified, in quasi-Platonic fashion, with esse and posse, Form and Imitation, the intelligible and the sensational. 1972 Times 15 Feb. 12/2 Mr Lambton has failed..to distinguish with sufficient care between esse and posse. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). possen.² Brit. /ˈpɒsi/, U.S. /ˈpɑsi/ Forms: 1500s– posse, 1700s possee. Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: posse comitatus n. Etymology: Short for posse comitatus n. Compare: 1314–15 Rolls of Parl. I. 327/1 Mandetur Majori et Balliuis [Oxonie] quod insequantur cum toto posse suo transgressores. 1. a. An assembled force, band, or company, often with hostile intent (cf. posse comitatus n. 2); also figurative. Also (now usually without negative connotation): any throng or assembled group (of persons, animals, or things); a clutch. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > strong or powerful posse1645 posse comitatus1679 1645 T. Fuller Good Thoughts in Bad Times i. xv. 39 All the Posse of Hell, cannot violently eject me. 1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. ii. 160 No longer able To raise your Posse of the Rabble. 1723 B. Mandeville Fable Bees (ed. 2) i. 331 I see a Thousand Rods in Piss, and the whole Posse of diminutive Pedants against me. 1728 J. Swift Let. to Dublin Weekly Jrnl. 14 Sept. With these two single considerations I outbalanced the whole posse of articles that weighed just now against me. 1787 W. Beckford Portuguese Jrnl. 10 June (1954) 72 A whole posse of the young lady's kindred—brothers, cousins and uncles—stood ready at the street door to usher me upstairs. 1839 B. Webster Village Doctor i. i. 8 I met Mr. Ferdinand, M. d'Herigny, and a posse of their friends, who were just entering the Carreau Wood, to hunt. 1841 C. M. Sedgwick Lett. from Abroad II. 71 Found her flying from a posse of cock-turkeys. 1954 O. Sitwell Four Continents p. xiv A strong posse of monkeys swung, capered and gibbered happily. 1982 F. Raphael Byron 59 He posed a posse of rhetorical questions. 1990 Flight Internat. 25 July 45/1 May I suggest that the Transport Secretary, together with a posse of ministers, visits Heathrow and Gatwick. b. colloquial. A set of (esp. young) people associated by being members of a peer group. ΚΠ 1985 A. M. Walters Race, Class, & Polit. Symbols vii. 263 [In 1982] the d.j.'s developed a specialized presentation... 'Posse' was used to refer to any group. 1991 Straight No Chaser Winter 21/1 He..jammed with both a posse of M-Base acolytes from Belgium and with Surinamese musicians based in Amsterdam. 2001 Star 6 Jan. 82/1 There are about 20 seats up there, so there was Leo and his posse and his mom all watching the movie. c. slang (originally Jamaican Criminals' slang). A gang involved in organized or violent, often drug-related, crime. Cf. yardie n. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker > criminal gang > specific camorra1865 the Mafia1866 Unione Siciliana1906 Cosa Nostra1963 Union Corse1963 Yamaguchi-gumi1964 posse1986 amalaita2016 1986 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 22 Dec. 39/6 Police have identified the largest and most feared Jamaican gangs as the ‘Shower Posse’..and the ‘Spangler Posse’. 1987 Boston July 108/3 Enforcement agents blame Jamaican posses for some 500 homicides and..gun-running. 1989 Observer 25 June (Colour Suppl.) 29 A Nigerian conman and drugs dealer..sold an East London ‘posse’ of five black Jamaicans a batch of ‘formula’, or fake cannabis. 1995 N. Blincoe Acid Casuals xiv. 102 The Western Union was the first posse to use guns in Manchester. 2000 Commerc. Appeal (Memphis, Tennessee) (Nexis) 10 Sept. a6 Blake, a former posse leader, has agreed to help attack the Caribbean drug pipelines. 2. a. The population of local able-bodied men whom a sheriff may summon to repress a riot, pursue felons, etc. In later use usually (chiefly U.S.): a particular body of men so raised and commanded by a local sheriff; = posse comitatus n. 1. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > law > law enforcement > law-enforcement or peace-officer > [noun] > body of men summoned as posse power of the county (also shire)a1325 posse comitatus1576 posse1646 1646 J. Rushworth Let. to W. Lenthall 4 And Friday being the day for the Posse of the whole Countrey to appear at Bodman; all the North part of Cornwal refused to appear. 1691 D. Defoe New Discov. Old Intreague vi. 13 Who early for the Princes Cause began: The Posse rais'd. 1720 D. Manley Power of Love v. 281 When Mrs. Vrsula was gone down in order to raise the Possee, if there should be occasion. 1781 S. Peters Gen. Hist. Connecticut 108 The polite New-Yorkers..sent the posse of Albany to eject the possessors. 1840 Niles' National Reg. 21 Mar. 48/3 Sheriff Fitler, with a large posse, was on the ground and made many arrests. 1901 Westm. Gaz. 5 Dec. 11/1 A pitched battle was fought..at Rockhill, Missouri, between the Sheriff's posse and the miners on strike. 1988 R. J. Conley Witch of Goingsnake & Stories 99 The posse rode up the hillside to just below the crest, and there they dismounted and were divided into four small groups by the sheriff. 1994 Denver Post 18 Sept. c3/1 The sheriff's legal right to spirit up a posse of local worthies derives from America's frontier days. b. Any group of persons acting as a force with legal authority; spec. a detachment of police officers sent to deal with a particular incident, emergency, etc. ΘΚΠ society > law > law enforcement > law-enforcement or peace-officer > [noun] > constable > body of posse1697 1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xvii. 483 They need not have sent an armed Posse for me. 1753 Scots Mag. June 305/2 A posse of constables..appeared. 1800 P. Colquhoun Treat. Commerce & Police R. Thames iii. 93 A posse of Marine Police Officers receiving information... On attempting a search [etc.]. 1884 Graphic 11 Oct. 371/1 An extra posse of policemen. 1897 W. Beatty Secretar 88 Having at his back..a posse of the city-guard. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹a1592n.²1645
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possen.1

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possen.¹

possen.²