α. Old English punere, 1500s pouner.
β. 1600s punner.
γ. 1600s– pounder.
poundern.1
/ˈpaʊndə/, U.S. /ˈpaʊndər/ 1.
a. An instrument for pounding; a pestle, a beater.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for altering consistency > [noun] > crushing or grinding > pestle
pounderOE
pestlec1350
stamping-iron1552
polt1612
monk1763
pound1905
α.
β. 1598 Will of Catherine Bromewitche (P.R.O.: PROB 11/92) Item I giue and bequeath vnto the saide Ewstace Wendlande my brasse morter and punner.γ. 1656 tr. J. A. Comenius Latinæ Linguæ Janua Reserata: Gate Lat. Tongue Unlocked xxxv. §353 They beat in a stone-mortar with a rough or Greek pounder.1678 J. Philips Maronides v. 68 His Arms were rather bull-confounders; In Paper-Mills you see such pounders.1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth xii. 282 There were two pounders, and a third was afterwards added, all from Carron.1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. I. viii. 313 Crush them well..with three or four strokes of the pounder.1899 R. Munro Prehist. Scotl. viii. 304 With the exception of an oblong stone or ‘pounder’ all the stone implements were of flint.1908 Daily Chron. 18 Jan. 3/7 At the bottom were found bones of horses, deer, and other animals,..together with heavy stone pounders,..and some baked pottery among charcoal fires.1980 J. C. Oates Bellefleur (1981) iv. 329 The wooden washtub with a ‘pounder’—a long tin tube, flared at the bottom.OE tr. Defensor Liber Scintillarum (1969) xxiv. 187 Si contuderis stultum in pilam tipsanas feriente desuper pilo non auferetur ab eo stultitia eius : þeah þu punige stuntne on pil swylce berenhula punigendum bufan punere na byð afyrred fram him dysignyss his.
1564 in J. Noake Worcs. Relics (1877) 12 A garlics morter, a pouner.
b. A vessel in which something may be pounded; a mortar.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for altering consistency > [noun] > crushing or grinding > mortar
mortareOE
mortar stone1480
mortle1570
mortesse1614
mortarium1842
pounder1891
1891 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 56 Indian women pound corn and sift the poundings, and make bread of varying grades of coarseness. A pounder is constructed of a section of a log, and is really a huge mortar, nearly three feet high.
2001 Atlanta Jrnl. Const. (Nexis) 25 Oct. 10 be. The Indians made samp pounders, which were oversized mortars..fashioned from tree stumps.
2.
a. A person who pounds (in various senses). Frequently with preceding qualifying word specifying the thing pounded.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > grinding or pounding > [noun] > one who or that which grinds
pounder1611
rasper1611
triturator1864
β.
γ. 1799 G. Walker Vagabond I. vii. 165 Will you, an ignorant apothecary, a pounder of drugs, pretend to talk philosophy with a disciple of the everlasting Stupeo?1818 T. H. Bayly Parl. Lett. 102 'Tis their firm resolution to stop All medical people who smell of the shop: No pounder or mixer of physic may see Their new operations.1834 C. Darwin in Life & Lett. (1887) I. 254 A certain hunter of beetles, and pounder of rocks.1894 B. Thomson South Sea Yarns 145 The kava-pounder paused, with stone uplifted.1942 R. L. Haig-Brown Timber iii. 26 I don't get to see you on the job so often since Slim Crawford took over the job he's doing now—I'm getting to be a regular chair-pounder.1988 L. Spalding Daughters of Captain Cook vii. 65 The bamboo blinds were always drawn, giving a filtered look to everything—to the poi pounders' wooden calabashes.2001 Washington Post (Nexis) 13 Jan. c11 The Washington Post has been pounding the drum for the hospital during the holidays since 1949. I've been the chief pounder since 1981.1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words at Pestatore A stamper, a punner [1598 a stamper or beater in a morter].
b. U.S. slang. A police officer; esp. one who patrols on foot. Cf. pavement pounder n. at pavement n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > policeman
truncheon officer1708
runner1735
horny1753
nibbing-cull1775
nabbing-cull1780
police officer1784
police constable1787
policeman1788
scout1789
nabman1792
nabber1795
pig1811
Bow-street officer1812
nab1813
peeler1816
split1819
grunter1823
robin redbreast1824
bulky1828
raw (or unboiled) lobster1829
Johnny Darm1830
polis1833
crusher1835
constable1839
police1839
agent1841
johndarm1843
blue boy1844
bobby1844
bluebottle1845
copper1846
blue1848
polisman1850
blue coat1851
Johnny1851
PC1851
spot1851
Jack1854
truncheonist1854
fly1857
greycoat1857
cop1859
Cossack1859
slop1859
scuffer1860
nailerc1863
worm1864
Robert1870
reeler1879
minion of the law1882
ginger pop1887
rozzer1888
nark1890
bull1893
grasshopper1893
truncheon-bearer1896
John1898
finger1899
flatty1899
mug1903
John Dunn1904
John Hop1905
gendarme1906
Johnny Hop1908
pavement pounder1908
buttons1911
flat-foot1913
pounder1919
Hop1923
bogy1925
shamus1925
heat1928
fuzz1929
law1929
narker1932
roach1932
jonnop1938
grass1939
roller1940
Babylon1943
walloper1945
cozzer1950
Old Bill1958
cowboy1959
monaych1961
cozzpot1962
policeperson1965
woolly1965
Fed1966
wolly1970
plod1971
roz1971
Smokey Bear1974
bear1975
beast1978
woodentop1981
Five-O1983
dibble1990
Bow-street runner-
1919 Fort Wayne Daily News 6 Jan. 2/5 She [sc. a police matron] should be receiving more money than a regular beat pounder.
1938 New Yorker 12 Mar. 38/2 Letting the sickly-sweet odor of burning marijuana into the street for the first passing pounder, or patrolman, to smell.
1959 J. M. Murtagh & S. Harris Who live in Shadow iv. 53 Well, at my trial them pounders snapped their caps and skullbusted the judges.
1970 C. Major Dict. Afro-Amer. Slang 93 Pounder, a policeman or detective.
2002 A. Havill Spy who stayed out in Cold iii. 48 It appeared that he was destined to be more than a beat pounder.
c. Surfing. A large wave; a wave that breaks with a great deal of force.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > types of waves > [noun] > breaker
sea-breach1620
flash1627
breaker1684
whitecap1773
outbreaker1801
comber1840
pounder1927
shore break1962
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > water sports except racing > surfing > [noun] > types or parts of wave
pounder1927
dumper1933
take-off1935
greeny1940
beach break1954
beacher1956
big kahuna1959
greenback1959
close out1962
curl1962
shore break1962
shoulder1962
soup1962
tube1962
wall1962
face1963
peak1963
pipeline1963
set1963
reef break1965
surfable wave1965
point break1966
green room1968
slide1968
barrel1975
left-hander1980
A-frame1992
1927 Los Angeles Times 7 Aug. (Sports section) 2/5 The back wash, if heavy,..helps to develop a ‘pounder’ rather than a fast-moving, steady roller.
1967 J. Severson Great Surfing Gloss. Pounder, an unusually hard-breaking wave.
1996 Florida Times-Union (Nexis) 26 June d1 We surfed until dark on waves that got overhead on the bigger sets and eventually closed out into unridable pounders.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† poundern.2
Obsolete.
1. A counterpoise; a kind of balance; = auncel n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > equipment for weighing > [noun] > a weighing apparatus > other weighing apparatus
poundereOE
auncel1298
baublea1425
shaft1429
poundrelc1450
peson1459
trebuchet1550
handsale1607
trolley-scale1909
eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in J. J. Quinn Minor Lat.-Old Eng. Glossaries in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1956) 71 Hostimen, wundor [read pundor].
1429 in D. Wilkins Concilia (1737) III. 516 (MED) Dicto pondere le Auncell scheft seu pounder..doloso quodam stateræ genere.
1439 Rolls of Parl. V. 30/1 On branche of disceit..called a Schafte, othere wise called a Pondre, othere wise called an Hauncere, whiche greved many a trewe man.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 416 Punder, librilla.
a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 2628 It schal þe weyen as peys in pundyr Þi sely sowle to bryngyn in bende.
2. A plumb line.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for marking out work > [noun] > plumb-line or chalk-line
poundereOE
righteOE
line1340
plummeta1398
plumba1400
perpendicle?c1400
plumb rulec1400
levelc1440
pendant1440
plumb linea1456
levelling-rule1598
perpendicular1604
plummet levelc1850
point-brass1850
eOE Corpus Gloss. (1890) 91/1 Perpendiculum, pundur.
OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 338 A..perpendiculo,..of punder [e] , of wihtmearce.
Compounds
ΚΠ
1286 in G. Fransson Middle Eng. Surnames (1935) 147 (MED) Pet. le Pundermaker.
c1311 in W. Hudson Rec. City of Norwich (1906) I. 380 Rog. le Pundermakere.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
poundern.3
/ˈpaʊndə/, U.S. /ˈpaʊndər/ Now historical.† 2. Scottish. = poinder n. 2. Obsolete. rare.
1. A person whose occupation it is to pound cattle or other livestock; = pound-keeper n. In later Scottish use also: a forester.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of cattle > [noun] > hunting strayed cattle > one who pounds stray cattle
poinder1520
poundler1533
pounder1622
1176 in B. Thuresson Middle Eng. Occup. Terms (1950) 109 [Yorkshire] Greg. le pundere.
c1381 ( in W. Greenwell Boldon Bk. (1852) 7 (MED) Pundere [tenet] xij acras.
?a1450 in Neuphilol. Mitteilungen (1972) 73 203 Ponder.
1473 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 173 At thar be a common pundar contynualy to do his offis that na scath be done to our hanyngis.
1487 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 42 No catall sale haf pastour..except the flessouris wederis and thai to be poundaris, and to haf j d. for ilkan best that thai fynd thar.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 782 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 119 Ye cornecrake ye pundar at hand Had pyndit all his pryss horss in a pundfald.
1540 in J. Imrie et al. Burgh Court Bk. Selkirk (1960) 218 Jhone Down pounder.
1622 MS Canterbury Marriage Licences Xpoferus Hewes of St. Mary's in Dover, pownder.
1655 in Rec. Early Hist. Boston (1877) II. 123 Tho. Alcock chosen Cow keeper for this yeare,..as also to be pounder.
1727 Rec. Smithtown, N.Y. (1898) 82 It is agreed on that the pounder shall have for pounding a horse four pence, for a net best four pence.
1805 A. Scott Poems 73 The punder's axe with ruthless rap, Fell'd down their favourite tree.
1848 J. Kirkpatrick Relig. Ord. Norwich 319 At a court of mayoralty, 26 Nov. 1679, the inhabitants of the Castle and Fee have liberty to erect a pound..and the pounder to dwell upon the fee.
1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. 243 Punder, a person who has charge of woods, hedges, etc., and who impounds strayed or trespassing cattle.
1955 H. S. Bennett Six Medieval Men & Women 162 He is found..taking away his beasts from the pound wherein they have been enclosed by the village pounder.
1989 Independent (Nexis) 23 Sept. 40 He was the ‘pounder’ or keeper of the pound for stray cattle.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [noun] > seizing lands or goods > attachment of person or property for debt > seizure of goods > one who seizes goods for debt
distrainant1553
poinder1574
poindlar1583
distrainer1607
pounder1660
distrainor1767
1660 in C. S. Romanes Sel. Rec. Regality of Melrose (1914) I. 306 [Unless he prove the same (payment, etc.)] by the punder oath who collected it or a subscryvit compt witnessed by 2 or 3 honest men.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
poundern.4
/ˈpaʊndə/, U.S. /ˈpaʊndər/ I. In combination with a prefixed numeral.
1.
a. A gun carrying shot of a specified weight. Cf. six-pounder n. 1, ten-pounder n. 1, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight > pound > that which weighs a pound
pounder1647
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > guns by weight of shot
pounder1647
pound1759
long twelve1781
1647 Mercurius Elencticus No. 15. 116 The late transportation of so many Peeces of Cannon..is well knowne in Scotland, what Culverings, Demi-Culverings, 12 Pounders,..&c.
1695 London Gaz. No. 3112/3 We found in the Castle of Namur..69 Pieces of Cannon, viz. 7 twenty four Pounders, 3 sixteen Pounders, 2 twelve Pounders, 9 ten Pounders,..3 three Pounders, 1 two Pounder.
1710 Duke of Marlborough Let. 14 July in H. L. Snyder Marlborough–Godolphin Corr. (1975) III. 1555 I remember for the expedition of Toulon, the ordenance shiped 40 land caryges for 24 pounders.
1747 B. Robins Proposal increasing Strength Navy 8 Very lately the Six Pounders in some of the smaller Ships have been changed for Nine Pounders.
1845 C. M. Kirkland Western Clearings (1846) 27 Some scattered grains of coarse powder from near the touch-hole of the one-pounder that was fired all day by the opposition.
1862 Rambler Mar. 414 A large number of 100-pounder Armstrong guns.
1933 A. G. Macdonell England, their England i. 11 Why do the English..crack up the French seventy-five as being the most marvellous gun in the War? Our own 18-pounder is just as good.
1978 K. Bonfiglioli All Tea in China x. 127 The gunner ambled towards the long brass Armstrong 68-pounder.
a1985 P. White With the Jocks (2003) 108 A concentrated barrage of heavy, medium and mountain artillery and the ever-present 25-pounders.
2004 H. E. Raugh Victorians at War 27/2 The 12-pounder was converted to accept a 15-pounder shell for the RA.
b. A person who or thing (esp. a fish) which weighs a specified number of pounds.
ΚΠ
1846 Times 14 Apr. 5/2 The astonishing feat..of catching a five-pounder fired from a real cannon loaded with powder.
1861 W. F. Collier Hist. Eng. Lit. 403 A silver-scaled twenty-pounder.
1915 C. Mackenzie Guy & Pauline 264 ‘I know a man..who caught a four pounder with a bumble-bee.’ ‘I caught a six pounder at Oxford with a mouse's head myself.’
1959 Muscle Power Nov.–Dec. 23 (caption) Marcel Paterni, France's 165-pounder has tremendous possibilities. At Stockholm in 1958 he totalled 870-lbs with only four successful lifts.
1986 Options Apr. 110/1 One woman..recently presented her 57-year-old husband with a brand new 10 pounder [sc. a baby].
2.
a. A person possessing, having an income of, or paying (e.g. as rent) a specified number of pounds sterling; †a woman having a dowry of so many pounds (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > possessor > [noun] > of certain amount
pounder1706
1706 G. Farquhar Recruiting Officer iii. i. 31 I must meet a Lady, a twenty thousand Pounder presently, upon the Walk by the Water.
1754 J. Shebbeare Marriage Act I. xiv. 85 The eldest Daughter of..one of the richest Merchants in the City; a Seventy Thousand Pounder.
1840 W. M. Thackeray Catherine iii Rich Miss Dripping, the twenty-thousand-pounder from London.
1995 Guardian (Nexis) 9 May t11 That leaves four genuine million-pounders in the Legal Business list.
b. A bank note or other article of the value of a specified number of pounds sterling. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > [noun] > amount of specific value > specific
pennyworthOE
halfpennywortha1035
shillingswortha1325
three-halfpennyworthc1440
sixpennyworthc1450
pounds worthc1460
groatsworth1562
penny1564
penny piece1601
threepennyworth1617
piceworth1832
two pennyworth1851
six1871
pounder1895
1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) A note or bill is called a twenty pounder or ten pounder, from the sum it bears.
1829 F. Marryat Naval Officer I. iv. 104 I pocketed the little donation—it was a ten-pounder.
1895 Westm. Gaz. 23 Feb. 2/1 It is..cheering, to discuss airily for the nonce, links which are two thousand pounders, and single pearl pins worth £1,200 each.
1977 ‘R. Player’ Month of Mangled Models i. 9 The Queen..buying her usual one hundred pounder... They always found out which picture she would like and catalogued it at precisely £100. It worked.
II. Something that weighs a pound.
3. Something, esp. a fish, which weighs one pound.
ΚΠ
1713 D. H. Sloane in J. Ray Synopsis Avium 159 A Pounder... These are much larger of the same Sort.
1832 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 878/2 Yes, Jonathan, about a pounder.
1898 Westm. Gaz. 29 June 5/3 A half-pound trout on this tiny lake will show as good sport as a pounder elsewhere.
1909 Washington Post 11 Oct. John Smith watched two or three of his friends land several pounders the other day.
2000 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 9 Apr. 20 The residents are not huge and a pounder is a good fish, but they more than compensate for this in the..stealth needed to trick them into taking a wispy dry-fly from the surface.
Compounds
C1. General attributive and appositive with prefixed numeral, esp. in sense 1a.
ΚΠ
1714 Deplorable Hist. Catalans 16 The Earl of Peterborow having desir'd that some Nine Pounder Guns might be Landed.
1772 tr. A. J. Pernety Hist. Voy. Malouine Islands in Ann. Reg. 1771 ii. 15/1 Round stones, of the size of a two-pounder ball.
1828 J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner 362 2-pounders take about 4 sheets of 12-pounder cartridge paper... ½-pounders, 1 sheet of 9-pounder paper.
1863 P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 95 The 12-pounder Armstrong field pieces are believed by the Committee to be efficient.
1915 A. D. Gillespie Let. 14 June in Lett. from Flanders (1916) 196 They started with 33-pounder bombs, like a big turnip with a long handle, and we watched them sailing through the air.
1995 Guardian 26 Aug. 7/6 The last of the island's 12-pounder guns..were removed only 40 years ago.
C2. † pounder pear n. Obsolete rare = pound pear n. at pound n.1 Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > other types of
calewey1377
honey peara1400
pome-pear1440
pome-wardena1513
choke-pear1530
muscadel1555
worry pear1562
lording1573
bon-chrétienc1575
Burgundian pear1578
king pear1585
pound pear1585
poppering1597
wood of Jerusalem1597
muscadine1598
amiot1600
bergamot1600
butter pear1600
dew-pear1600
greening1600
mollart1600
roset1600
wax pear1600
bottle pear1601
gourd-pear1601
Venerian pear1601
musk pear1611
rose pear1611
pusill1615
Christian1629
nutmeg1629
rolling pear1629
surreine1629
sweater1629
amber pear1638
Venus-pear1648
horse-pear1657
Martin1658
russet1658
rousselet1660
diego1664
frith-pear1664
maudlin1664
Messire Jean1664
primate1664
sovereign1664
spindle-pear1664
stopple-pear1664
sugar-pear1664
virgin1664
Windsor pear1664
violet-pear1666
nonsuch1674
muscat1675
burnt-cat1676
squash pear1676
rose1678
Longueville1681
maiden-heart1685
ambrette1686
vermilion1691
admiral1693
sanguinole1693
satin1693
St. Germain pear1693
pounder pear1697
vine-pear1704
amadot1706
marchioness1706
marquise1706
Margaret1707
short-neck1707
musk1708
burree1719
marquis1728
union pear1728
Doyenne pear1731
Magdalene1731
beurré1736
colmar1736
Monsieur Jean1736
muscadella1736
swan's egg1736
chaumontel1755
St Michael's pear1796
Williams1807
Marie Louise1817
seckel1817
Bartlett1828
vergaloo1828
Passe Colmar1837
glou-morceau1859
London sugar1860
snow-pear1860
Comice1866
Kieffer pear1880
sand pear1880
sandy pear1884
snowy pear1884
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 75 Unlike are Bergamotes and pounder Pears . View more context for this quotation
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† pounderv.
Obsolete.
transitive. = pound v.1 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > grinding or pounding > grind or pound [verb (transitive)]
grindc1000
i-ponec1000
britOE
poundOE
stampc1200
to-pounec1290
bruisea1382
minisha1382
bray1382
to-grind1393
beatc1420
gratec1430
mull1440
pestle1483
hatter1508
pounce1519
contuse1552
pounder1570
undergrind1605
dispulverate1609
peal1611
comminute1626
atom1648
comminuate1666
porphyrize1747
stub1765
kibble1790
smush1825
crack1833
pun1888
micronize1968
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Gi/1 To Pounder, tritumare.
1621 H. Wotton Let. in Archaeologia (1866) 40 277 The waves have pierced thorough and pondered owre wales.
1678 J. Dryden All for Love (1776) 73 Thus to be crush'd, and poundered into atoms, By it's o'erwhelming weight.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
<
n.1OE
n.2eOE
n.31176n.41647v.1570- multi-faith
- multi-fiber
- multi-fibre
- multi-field
- multi-figured
- multi-floor
- multi-flue
- multi-frequency
- multi-fuel
- multi-fuelled
- mountain hare
- mountain hawk
- mountain heartsease
- mountain heath
- mountain heather
- mountain hemlock
- mountain hemp
- mountain hen
- mountain herd
- mountain herring
- mountain high
- mountain hog
- mountain hold
- mountain holly
- mountain home