potassiumn.

Brit.

/pəˈtasɪəm/, U.S.

/pəˈtæsiəm/,

/poʊˈtæsiəm/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: potass n., -ium suffix.

Etymology: < potass n. + -ium suffix (see quot. 1807 at main sense): see further discussion at potash n. Compare French potassium (1808; < English).Compare earlier post-classical Latin potassinum (noun), potassinatum (adjective), introduced in the revised Latin nomenclature of minerals in T. Bergman’s Meditationes de Systemate Fossilium Naturali, originally published in 1784 in Nova Acta Regiæ Soc. Sci. Upsaliensis 4 63–128 (see pp. 96–8).

Chemistry.

A soft, light, silvery-white, highly reactive chemical element, atomic number 19, belonging to the alkali metal group, which is present in numerous minerals and is essential (in the form of cations) to various biological processes, including the transmission of nerve impulses and plant growth, and whose salts are used as ingredients of fertilizers and in the manufacture of soaps and glass. Symbol K (cf. kali n.¹ 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > potassium > [noun]

potassium1807

1807 Sir H. Davy in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 98 32 Potassium and Sodium are the names by which I have ventured to call the two new substances.

1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 321 Small metallic globules will appear at the negative surface, which consist of potassium. I discovered this metal in the beginning of October 1807.

1818 M. W. Shelley Frankenstein I. i. 58 The professor discoursed with the greatest fluency of potassium and boron, of sulphates and oxyds, terms to which I could affix no idea.

1864 H. Spencer Princ. Biol. I. ii. x. §92. 276 Potassium alone melts at 136°, sodium alone melts at 190°, but the alloy of potassium and sodium is liquid at the ordinary temperature of the air.

1881 Med. Temp. Jrnl. 48 176 Bromide of potassium in large doses..has a beneficial effect [in dipsomania].

1940 G. H. J. Adlam & L. S. Price Higher School Certificate Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) xiii. 83 Potassium and sodium are kept in oil or in air-tight containers.

1976 P. Parish Medicines II. xxvi. 171 In order to compensate for any potassium loss caused by thiazide diuretics you should eat a diet containing foods rich in potassium (e.g., fruit).

1990 R. Staines Market Gardening iv. 41 Plants are capable of taking up more potassium than they actually need..and this can have an effect on soil reserves.

Compounds

C1. Used attributively in the names of salts and other chemical compounds, as potassium carbonate, potassium chlorate, potassium iodide, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > potassium > [adjective] > naming form

potassium1866

1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. x. 97 Chlorine, and potash, give potassium chlorate, potassium chloride, and water.

1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xix. 163 This is the crude potassium carbonate, called, when purified by recrystallization, pearl-ash.

1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students i. 13 When potassium chlorate is heated it changes from a white crystalline solid to a liquid from which oxygen can be seen to bubble off.

1952 A. M. Smith Manures & Fertilisers iii. 77 At one time seaweed ash, sometimes called kelp, was an important source of potassium carbonate.

1979 D. Barlow Sexually Transmitted Dis. (BNC) Potassium iodide was a favoured treatment for syphilis for some time following the publication in the Lancet of a series of papers advocating its use.

C2.

potassium–argon n. (attributive) designating or relating to a method of isotopic dating based on measurement of the relative amounts in rock of potassium-40 and its decay product, argon-40.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > experiments > [noun] > scientific method > of isotopic dating

thorium lead1914

potassium–argon1953

1953 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 64 1473 (heading) Potassium argon studies at the University of Toronto.

1983 E. C. Minkoff Evolutionary Biol. xvi. 268/1 Potassium-argon (K/Ar) dates may easily be determined because potassium is a common constituent of many rocks and because argon is not usually trapped inside rocks except as a product of radioactive decay.

1993 Sci. Amer. Jan. 86/2 Potassium-argon dating has assisted geochronologists in outlining the time scale of biological evolution over the past 500 million years.

potassium chloride n. a white or colourless solid, KCl, used as a fertilizer and as a substitute for sodium chloride in the diet.

ΚΠ

1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xi. 104 Iodine, caustic potash, and chlorine, yield potassium iodate, potassium chloride, and water.

1945 C. E. Balleisen Princ. Firearms x. 104 It is because potassium chloride has such an affinity for moisture that it can be washed out with water, whereas cleaning with oil will not touch it.

1992 Independent 19 Oct. 14/5 Britain's only potassium chloride mine is at Boulby, where Cleveland Potash produces almost a million tons a year of the pinkish ore sylvinite.

potassium cyanide n. an extremely poisonous solid, KCN, used in gold and silver extraction and other metallurgical processes, and as a reducing agent in chemical analysis.

ΚΠ

1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xxxv. 309 Potassium cyanide, KCN, is formed when potassium is burnt in cyanogen or in hydrocyanic acid gas.

1937 C. Day Lewis Starting Point ii. i. 135 I rather fancy potassium cyanide. You just chew a piece, and quick curtain.

1988 G. Butler Coffin Underground x. 137 And that poison, potassium cyanide.

potassium feldspar n. Mineralogy a feldspar rich in potassium; spec. each of the three minerals orthoclase, microcline, and sanidine, which have the formula KAlSi₃O₈; these minerals collectively.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > tectosilicate > [noun] > feldspar > orthoclase

orthose1814

orthoclase1831

potash feldspar1845

potassium feldspar1894

1894 Science 9 Feb. 79/2 A still more interesting change was the injection of potash and potassium feldspar into diorite, and a similar transference of the corresponding sodium salts into granite.

1938 Times 27 June 16/1 A fine set of unusual twin crystals of orthoclase (potassium feldspar).

1994 Museum Internat. No. 183. 27/2 This statue is of porphyroid granite with pink potassium feldspar phenocrysts, a rock commonly used in Ancient Egyptian statuary.

potassium ferricyanide n. an orange-red crystalline compound, K₃Fe(CN)₆, used in various laboratory tests and (esp. formerly) in photographic processes; cf. red prussiate n. at red adj. and n. Compounds 1e(e)(ii).

ΚΠ

1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) iii. 839 Potassium ferricyanide,..often called red prussiate.

1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xli. 790 Soluble Prussian Blue..is formed by mixing molecular proportions of..potassium ferricyanide and a ferrous salt.

2003 Isis 94 533/2 Cyanotype..is based on the photosensitivity of potassium ferricyanide.

potassium ferrocyanide n. a yellow crystalline compound, K₄Fe(CN)₆, used as a laboratory reagent and as an additive in salt to prevent caking; also called yellow prussiate n. at yellow adj. and n. Compounds 2d(b).

ΚΠ

1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) iii. 836 Potassium ferrocyanide forms large, transparent, yellow crystals.

1936 W. Stiles Introd. Princ. Plant Physiol. iv. 54 The copper ferrocyanide membrane is formed when a solution of copper sulphate is separated from one of potassium ferrocyanide by a porous pot, the solutions meeting in the wall of the pot.

2004 Washington Post (Nexis) 29 Apr. a22 At the time of the arrests, authorities found nearly 10 pounds of potassium ferrocyanide—a chemical used in photography—in the apartment stairwell.

potassium hydroxide n. a white deliquescent solid, KOH, which gives a strongly alkaline solution in water; also called caustic potash.

ΚΠ

1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xix. 185 Thrown into water, one atom of potassium displaces one of hydrogen from the water, forming potassium hydroxide, or potash, KHO.

1943 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) VI. 388/2 An alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide is sometimes used for hydrolysing purposes.

1985 R. A. E. North Cleaning Professional Kitchens (BNC) 29 Caustic cleaners are essentially formulations of detergent and either sodium or potassium hydroxide.

potassium nitrate n. a white solid, KNO₃, used in explosives and fertilizers and as an analytical reagent.

ΚΠ

1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xix. 165 (heading) Potassium nitrate, nitre, or saltpetre, KNO₃.

1952 A. M. Smith Manures & Fertilisers v. 108 Several methods based upon the different solubilities of sodium and potassium nitrates are employed to produce this ‘Chilean Potash Nitrate’.

1993 New Scientist 6 Nov. 22 Gunpowder is a mixture of charcoal, potassium nitrate and sulphur.

potassium permanganate n. potassium manganate( vii), KMnO₄, a purple-brown solid (intensely purple in solution) used as an oxidizing agent and in chemical analysis.

ΚΠ

1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. ii. 15 Formed by the action of strong sulphuric acid upon a salt called potassium permanganate.

1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students xix. 518 Volumetrically, solutions of ferrous salts are estimated by titration with standard potassium dichromate solution or potassium permanganate.

1990 M. Dewar Day in Life of Brit. Army (BNC) 133 The sergeant sat down, placed his feet into the ice-cold potassium permanganate solution and heaved a euphoric sigh of relief.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	potassium
释义	potassiumn. Brit. /pəˈtasɪəm/, U.S. /pəˈtæsiəm/, /poʊˈtæsiəm/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: potass n., -ium suffix. Etymology: < potass n. + -ium suffix (see quot. 1807 at main sense): see further discussion at potash n. Compare French potassium (1808; < English).Compare earlier post-classical Latin potassinum (noun), potassinatum (adjective), introduced in the revised Latin nomenclature of minerals in T. Bergman’s Meditationes de Systemate Fossilium Naturali, originally published in 1784 in Nova Acta Regiæ Soc. Sci. Upsaliensis 4 63–128 (see pp. 96–8). Chemistry. A soft, light, silvery-white, highly reactive chemical element, atomic number 19, belonging to the alkali metal group, which is present in numerous minerals and is essential (in the form of cations) to various biological processes, including the transmission of nerve impulses and plant growth, and whose salts are used as ingredients of fertilizers and in the manufacture of soaps and glass. Symbol K (cf. kali n.¹ 2). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > potassium > [noun] potassium1807 1807 Sir H. Davy in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 98 32 Potassium and Sodium are the names by which I have ventured to call the two new substances. 1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 321 Small metallic globules will appear at the negative surface, which consist of potassium. I discovered this metal in the beginning of October 1807. 1818 M. W. Shelley Frankenstein I. i. 58 The professor discoursed with the greatest fluency of potassium and boron, of sulphates and oxyds, terms to which I could affix no idea. 1864 H. Spencer Princ. Biol. I. ii. x. §92. 276 Potassium alone melts at 136°, sodium alone melts at 190°, but the alloy of potassium and sodium is liquid at the ordinary temperature of the air. 1881 Med. Temp. Jrnl. 48 176 Bromide of potassium in large doses..has a beneficial effect [in dipsomania]. 1940 G. H. J. Adlam & L. S. Price Higher School Certificate Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) xiii. 83 Potassium and sodium are kept in oil or in air-tight containers. 1976 P. Parish Medicines II. xxvi. 171 In order to compensate for any potassium loss caused by thiazide diuretics you should eat a diet containing foods rich in potassium (e.g., fruit). 1990 R. Staines Market Gardening iv. 41 Plants are capable of taking up more potassium than they actually need..and this can have an effect on soil reserves. Compounds C1. Used attributively in the names of salts and other chemical compounds, as potassium carbonate, potassium chlorate, potassium iodide, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > potassium > [adjective] > naming form potassium1866 1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. x. 97 Chlorine, and potash, give potassium chlorate, potassium chloride, and water. 1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xix. 163 This is the crude potassium carbonate, called, when purified by recrystallization, pearl-ash. 1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students i. 13 When potassium chlorate is heated it changes from a white crystalline solid to a liquid from which oxygen can be seen to bubble off. 1952 A. M. Smith Manures & Fertilisers iii. 77 At one time seaweed ash, sometimes called kelp, was an important source of potassium carbonate. 1979 D. Barlow Sexually Transmitted Dis. (BNC) Potassium iodide was a favoured treatment for syphilis for some time following the publication in the Lancet of a series of papers advocating its use. C2. potassium–argon n. (attributive) designating or relating to a method of isotopic dating based on measurement of the relative amounts in rock of potassium-40 and its decay product, argon-40. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > experiments > [noun] > scientific method > of isotopic dating thorium lead1914 potassium–argon1953 1953 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 64 1473 (heading) Potassium argon studies at the University of Toronto. 1983 E. C. Minkoff Evolutionary Biol. xvi. 268/1 Potassium-argon (K/Ar) dates may easily be determined because potassium is a common constituent of many rocks and because argon is not usually trapped inside rocks except as a product of radioactive decay. 1993 Sci. Amer. Jan. 86/2 Potassium-argon dating has assisted geochronologists in outlining the time scale of biological evolution over the past 500 million years. potassium chloride n. a white or colourless solid, KCl, used as a fertilizer and as a substitute for sodium chloride in the diet. ΚΠ 1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xi. 104 Iodine, caustic potash, and chlorine, yield potassium iodate, potassium chloride, and water. 1945 C. E. Balleisen Princ. Firearms x. 104 It is because potassium chloride has such an affinity for moisture that it can be washed out with water, whereas cleaning with oil will not touch it. 1992 Independent 19 Oct. 14/5 Britain's only potassium chloride mine is at Boulby, where Cleveland Potash produces almost a million tons a year of the pinkish ore sylvinite. potassium cyanide n. an extremely poisonous solid, KCN, used in gold and silver extraction and other metallurgical processes, and as a reducing agent in chemical analysis. ΚΠ 1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xxxv. 309 Potassium cyanide, KCN, is formed when potassium is burnt in cyanogen or in hydrocyanic acid gas. 1937 C. Day Lewis Starting Point ii. i. 135 I rather fancy potassium cyanide. You just chew a piece, and quick curtain. 1988 G. Butler Coffin Underground x. 137 And that poison, potassium cyanide. potassium feldspar n. Mineralogy a feldspar rich in potassium; spec. each of the three minerals orthoclase, microcline, and sanidine, which have the formula KAlSi₃O₈; these minerals collectively. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > tectosilicate > [noun] > feldspar > orthoclase orthose1814 orthoclase1831 potash feldspar1845 potassium feldspar1894 1894 Science 9 Feb. 79/2 A still more interesting change was the injection of potash and potassium feldspar into diorite, and a similar transference of the corresponding sodium salts into granite. 1938 Times 27 June 16/1 A fine set of unusual twin crystals of orthoclase (potassium feldspar). 1994 Museum Internat. No. 183. 27/2 This statue is of porphyroid granite with pink potassium feldspar phenocrysts, a rock commonly used in Ancient Egyptian statuary. potassium ferricyanide n. an orange-red crystalline compound, K₃Fe(CN)₆, used in various laboratory tests and (esp. formerly) in photographic processes; cf. red prussiate n. at red adj. and n. Compounds 1e(e)(ii). ΚΠ 1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) iii. 839 Potassium ferricyanide,..often called red prussiate. 1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xli. 790 Soluble Prussian Blue..is formed by mixing molecular proportions of..potassium ferricyanide and a ferrous salt. 2003 Isis 94 533/2 Cyanotype..is based on the photosensitivity of potassium ferricyanide. potassium ferrocyanide n. a yellow crystalline compound, K₄Fe(CN)₆, used as a laboratory reagent and as an additive in salt to prevent caking; also called yellow prussiate n. at yellow adj. and n. Compounds 2d(b). ΚΠ 1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) iii. 836 Potassium ferrocyanide forms large, transparent, yellow crystals. 1936 W. Stiles Introd. Princ. Plant Physiol. iv. 54 The copper ferrocyanide membrane is formed when a solution of copper sulphate is separated from one of potassium ferrocyanide by a porous pot, the solutions meeting in the wall of the pot. 2004 Washington Post (Nexis) 29 Apr. a22 At the time of the arrests, authorities found nearly 10 pounds of potassium ferrocyanide—a chemical used in photography—in the apartment stairwell. potassium hydroxide n. a white deliquescent solid, KOH, which gives a strongly alkaline solution in water; also called caustic potash. ΚΠ 1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xix. 185 Thrown into water, one atom of potassium displaces one of hydrogen from the water, forming potassium hydroxide, or potash, KHO. 1943 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) VI. 388/2 An alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide is sometimes used for hydrolysing purposes. 1985 R. A. E. North Cleaning Professional Kitchens (BNC) 29 Caustic cleaners are essentially formulations of detergent and either sodium or potassium hydroxide. potassium nitrate n. a white solid, KNO₃, used in explosives and fertilizers and as an analytical reagent. ΚΠ 1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xix. 165 (heading) Potassium nitrate, nitre, or saltpetre, KNO₃. 1952 A. M. Smith Manures & Fertilisers v. 108 Several methods based upon the different solubilities of sodium and potassium nitrates are employed to produce this ‘Chilean Potash Nitrate’. 1993 New Scientist 6 Nov. 22 Gunpowder is a mixture of charcoal, potassium nitrate and sulphur. potassium permanganate n. potassium manganate( vii), KMnO₄, a purple-brown solid (intensely purple in solution) used as an oxidizing agent and in chemical analysis. ΚΠ 1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. ii. 15 Formed by the action of strong sulphuric acid upon a salt called potassium permanganate. 1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students xix. 518 Volumetrically, solutions of ferrous salts are estimated by titration with standard potassium dichromate solution or potassium permanganate. 1990 M. Dewar Day in Life of Brit. Army (BNC) 133 The sergeant sat down, placed his feet into the ice-cold potassium permanganate solution and heaved a euphoric sigh of relief. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1807
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