请输入您要查询的英文单词:

 

单词 posterior
释义

posteriorn.adj.adv.

Brit. /pɒˈstɪərɪə/, U.S. /pɑˈstɪriər/, /poʊˈstɪriər/
Forms: 1500s posteriar, 1500s posteryour, 1500s–1700s posteriour, 1500s– posterior, 1800s postarior (nonstandard).
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin posterior, posterius, posteriora.
Etymology: As noun < classical Latin posterior person who lived later (Cicero), descendant (2nd cent. a.d.), posterius (neuter) something that comes after, hinder part of the body (usually in plural, posteriora), uses as noun of masculine and neuter of posterior (see below); as adjective < classical Latin posterior later, subsequent, situated at the back < posterus later, next (see postero- comb. form) + -ior -ior suffix2.Compare Middle French, French postérieur , †posterieur (in Middle French also posterior (1491, rare) (adjective) later, subsequent, situated behind something else, situated at the back (all late 15th cent. in Middle French), (noun) descendant (1548, 1576 in two apparently isolated instances in Middle French, as postérieurs (plural); now obsolete), (colloquial) buttocks, behind (1566 in Middle French in singular in an isolated attestation; subsequently from 1798 in plural), Catalan posterior (15th cent. as adjective), Spanish posterior (first half of the 15th cent. or earlier as adjective; mid 15th cent. or earlier as plural noun los posteriores in sense A. 1; beginning of the 17th cent. or earlier as plural noun los posteriores in sense A. 3a in humorous context (rare)), Portuguese posterior (second half of the 16th cent. as adjective), Italian posteriore (first half of the 14th cent. as adjective; c1350 as noun in sense A. 3a).
A. n.
1. A descendant. Usually in plural. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [noun] > collectively
bairn-teamc885
kinc950
seedOE
teamOE
offspringOE
kindOE
childrenc1175
lineage1303
generationa1325
issuea1325
successiona1340
kindredc1350
progenya1382
posterityc1410
sequelc1440
ligneea1450
posterior1509
genealogy1513
propagation1536
racea1547
postery1548
after-spring1583
bowela1593
afterworld1594
loin1608
descendance1617
succession1618
proles1640
descent1667
ramage1936
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [noun]
sonOE
lineage1303
rootc1330
impinga1340
after-comera1382
nephewa1387
impc1412
descentc1475
branch1535
descendant1569
stirp1574
scion1591
sprig1591
slip1594
sprout?1611
posterior1889
ancestor1920
1509 J. Locher in Barclay's Ship of Fools (1874) I. p. viii These worthy men..haue obtayned nat small worshyp and great commodyte example and doctryne lefte to vs theyr posteryours.
1534 T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. 1309/2 When I speake of the churche of Grece in this errour: I speake but of the posteriours.
?1553 tr. Pope Pius II Hist. Ladye Lucres & Eurialus sig. G.iv His posteriars shall shewe for theyr noblenes a gylted bull.
1816 W. Scott Old Mortality xv, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. III. 310 Neither he, nor his posteriors from generation to generation, shall sit upon it ony mair.
1889 in Spectator 9 Nov. 634/2 ‘No ways infarior..And lineal postarior to Ould Aysculapius’. [Anglo-Irish.]
2. The later part. Also in plural in same sense. Obsolete. rare.In quots. 15981 humorous.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [noun] > the latter part
eveningOE
enda1200
eventide?c1225
finea1350
tail1377
latter (last) enda1382
issue1484
latter day?1498
waning1561
last days1572
heel1584
sunsetting1593
fall1596
lag-end1598
posterior1598
sunset1599
dotage1606
exit1615
stern1623
waning timea1639
last1683
heel piecea1764
shank1828
tail-end1845
tailpiece1869
tag1882
teatime1913
end-point1921
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. i. 84 To congratulate the Princesse at her Pauilion, in the posteriors of this day, which the rude multitude call the after-noone. View more context for this quotation
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. i. 113 Some show in the posterior of this day. View more context for this quotation
1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor (at cited word) Posterior, the later..part.
3.
a. colloquial and humorous. In early use in plural, now usually singular. A person's buttocks. Also: the rump or backside of an animal.at (a person's) posteriors (Scottish): behind his or her back (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > back > buttock(s) > [noun]
flitcha700
arse-endseOE
culec1220
buttockc1300
tail1303
toutec1305
nagea1325
fundamentc1325
tail-end1377
brawna1382
buma1387
bewschers?a1400
crouponc1400
rumplec1430
lendc1440
nachec1440
luddocka1475
rearwarda1475
croupc1475
rumpc1475
dock1508
hurdies1535
bunc1538
sitting place1545
bottom?c1550
prat1567
nates1581
backside1593
crupper1594
posteriorums1596
catastrophe1600
podex1601
posterior1605
seat1607
poop1611
stern1631
cheek1639
breeka1642
doup1653
bumkin1658
bumfiddle1661
assa1672
butt1675
quarter1678
foundation1681
toby1681
bung1691
rear1716
fud1722
moon1756
derrière1774
rass1790
stern-post1810
sit-down1812
hinderland1817
hinderling1817
nancy1819
ultimatum1823
behinda1830
duff?1837
botty1842
rear end1851
latter end1852
hinder?1857
sit1862
sit-me-down1866
stern-works1879
tuchus1886
jacksy-pardy1891
sit-upon1910
can1913
truck-end1913
sitzfleisch1916
B.T.M.1919
fanny1919
bot1922
heinie1922
beam1929
yas yas1929
keister1931
batty1935
bim1935
arse-end1937
twat1937
okole1938
bahookie1939
bohunkus1941
quoit1941
patoot1942
rusty-dusty1942
dinger1943
jacksie1943
zatch1950
ding1957
booty1959
patootie1959
buns1960
wazoo1961
tush1962
1605 G. Chapman Al Fooles ii. i. sig. Ev And there sate he on his posteriors, Like a Baboone.
1609 in Select. Extracts Anc. Minutes Kirk-session of Kinghorn (1863) 17 For hir contemptuous behauiour usit to her pastour..in jeasting at his posteriours and also [etc.].
1650 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. (ed. 2) vi. 8 in Epistolæ Ho-elianæ (ed. 2) You know what answer the Fox gave the Ape when he would have borrowed part of his taile to cover his posteriors.
1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 102 He drops upon his Knees or Posteriors.
1738 S.-Carolina Gaz. 30 Mar. 2/1 One of the Company indecently discovered his Posteriors.
1790 J. Coustos Free Masonry 181 Those unhappy slaves..are fastened to a ladder; when two men whip alternately, their bare posteriors with a bull's pizzle, or a thick pitched rope.
1803 W. Bingley Animal Biogr. I. 33 Apes are destitute of Tails,..their posteriors are fleshy.
1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. xiv. 329 It is called Tapacolo, or ‘cover your posterior’; and well does the shameless little bird deserve its name; for it carries its tail more than erect.
1896 J. S. Farmer & W. E. Henley Slang IV. 33/1 Jacksy-pardy, the posteriors.
1928 D. H. Lawrence Lady Chatterley's Lover xv. 266 He gathered her lovely, heavy posteriors one in each hand and pressed them in towards him in a frenzy.
1973 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 22 Dec. 33/2 With his posterior pointing at the opposition goal, Aldcorn..flung the puck back between his skates, past the astonished goaltender.
1993 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Jan. 18/1 Carla Bruni exposed her pantie-less posterior to Helmut Newton's camera lens.
b. In plural. The back parts (of anything). Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > position at the back > [noun] > back part or rear
hinder enda1382
back-half1408
backside1417
arse1510
rear1609
postern1611
back-enda1617
arreara1627
back1626
averse1655
posteriorsa1657
ass1700
tail-end1747
rear end1785
west side1829
arse-end1837
hindside1862
ass-end1934
a1657 G. Daniel Poems (1878) I. 41 He oft could take Things from th' Posteriors of an Almanacke, Very behoofull to the Regimen Of health.
B. adj.
1. Opposed to prior.
a. That comes after in time or order, later; subsequent to.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adjective] > later
overeOE
latterOE
posterior1534
later1542
lateward1577
elder1597
inferior1641
ulterior1646
1534 T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. 1308/2 The posteriour Greekes saye, that Chryste dydde not eate his Paschall lambe in the daye appoynted by the lawe.
c1600 in G. Stevenson Poems A. Montgomerie (1910) 314 Quhilk restitutioun..could not be tane away be ony interpretatioun in this posteriour parliament.
1653 Ld. Vaux tr. A. Godeau Life St. Paul A ij The swelling criticismes, or vaine Philosophy of posteriour writers.
1710 J. Toland Let. 14 Feb. in Coll. Several Pieces (1726) II. 392 Rites and precepts in..the Pentateuch, are long posterior to Moses.
1756 J. Warton Ess. on Pope I. iii. 124 The precepts of the art of poesy, were posterior to practise.
1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ Rom. ii. 16 The Epistle to the Romans is posterior even to the second Epistle to the Corinthians.
1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 68 Proofs of the posterior origin of the lava.
1884 D. Hunter tr. E. Reuss Hist. Canon i. 3 Found only in the literature posterior to the exile.
1938 R. G. Collingwood Princ. Art xi. 229 The pain is not the emotional charge of the tension in the facial muscles; the sensum is here not prior but posterior to the emotion.
1992 Mind 101 43 Aristotle explicitly remarks that the matter of a thing is in one sense prior to the thing and in another sense posterior.
b. Statistics. Designating the result of a calculation made subsequent to, and in consideration of, some observation or observations. Earliest and chiefly in posterior probability n. at Compounds (see sense A. 3).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [adjective] > relating to calculation
prior1921
posterior1972
1921 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 42 387 Even if the prior probabilities of two laws with different domains are notably different, the effect of several verifications of each is able to make the posterior probabilities of the two laws practically equal to each other and to unity.
1949 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 11 116 Posterior odds for α vs. α′, on A = Prior odds for α vs. α′ × likelihood ratio.
1972 A. W. F. Edwards Likelihood iv. 48 In practice it is determined by the fact that both the prior and the posterior distributions of θ integrate to unity.
1994 New Scientist 16 Apr. 12/1 The simplest form of the theorem is that the updated (‘posterior’) odds = likelihood ratio x prior odds where the prior odds are based on the pre-existing knowledge, and the likelihood ratio is extracted from the new evidence.
2. Opposed to anterior.
a. Chiefly Anatomy. Situated at the back; situated behind or further back than something else; denoting the hindmost of a pair or group of similar or related structures. Frequently with to.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > position at the back > [adjective]
afterOE
afterwardOE
hinderc1290
hinderera1340
hinda1400
backc1490
reara1500
posterior1578
rearward1581
backwarda1616
hindsome1634
postica1638
averse1646
postern1648
postical1657
reverse1675
aft1711
retrospective1785
hindward1797
retral1822
western1829
postjacent1878
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > succession or following in time > [adjective] > succeeding or subsequent > following in order
subsequentc1450
posterior1578
succeeding1639
postposited1892
the world > plants > part of plant > (defined by) distribution, arrangement, or position > [adjective] > anterior or posterior
anterior1754
posticous1866
postical1882
posterior1914
1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 3 The Posterior Processe of the Cubitte..coucheth in the hinder corner.
1614 W. Lithgow Painefull Peregrination D2v The belly of the one ioyned with the posterior part of the other.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §115 So it is manifest, that where the anteriour body giveth way, as fast as the posteriour cometh on, it maketh no noise, be the motion never so great, or swift.
1733 G. Douglas tr. J. B. Winslow Anat. Expos. Struct. Human Body I. 75 The Clavicle is divided into a Body or middle Part, and two Extremities, one anterior, inferior, and internal..; the other posterior, superior, and external.
1741 A. Monro Anat. Nerves 47 in Anat. Human Bones (ed. 3) The posterior clinoid Processes of the sphenoid Bone.
1794 S. Williams Nat. & Civil Hist. Vermont 90 Two bags, situated in the posterior parts of the body.
1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics xxxv. 288 The two parts into which the iris divides the eye are called the anterior and the posterior chambers.
1835 R. Owen in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 287/1 The ilium..becomes anchylosed with the ischium posterior to the ischiadic notch.
1868 P. M. Duncan tr. L. Figuier Insect World Introd. 7 The legs are called anterior, posterior, and intermediate.
1914 F. E. Fritsch & E. J. Salisbury Introd. Study Plants xviii. 233 The side of the flower adjacent to the axis of inflorescence is called the posterior side, whilst that away from the axis is termed the anterior.
1939 T. L. Green Pract. Animal Biol. i. 207 The kidneys are tri-lobed and lie posterior to the lungs in deep recesses in the pelvic region.
1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) xviii. 280 Near the posterior end of the aorta a small posterior mesenteric artery arises.
1993 E. N. K. Clarkson Invertebr. Palaeontol. & Evol. (ed. 3) vii. 155/1 In conventional orientation the umbones are located at the posterior end of the brachiopod.
b. Obstetrics. Designating, involving, or exhibiting an occipitoposterior presentation. See also posterior presentation n. at Compounds.
ΚΠ
1886 W. L. Richardson in Med. Communications Massachusetts Med. Soc. 23 404 None of these writings..contained any special directions as to the method of differentiating the posterior from the anterior positions of the occiput.
1899 P. G. Lewis Nursing xxvii. 376 The nurse will hear occasionally of face, brow, or occipital posterior presentations.
1953 M. F. Myles Textbk. Midwives xx. 333 The vertex presents in 96 per cent. of cases and authorities are not in agreement as to what proportion are posterior.
1989 Parents Dec. 9/2 Don't lie on your back if your baby is posterior because the weight of the baby pressing against your spine will aggravate the pain or discomfort.
C. adv.
With of, to. Subsequently; at a later time. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > after, afterwards, or later
sitheneOE
aftereOE
sithOE
eftOE
latterOE
aftOE
sithencea1170
sithrec1175
thereup?c1225
baftc1275
furtherc1290
eftsoon1297
therewithala1300
afterwardc1300
afterwardsc1300
soc1300
therewithc1369
eftersoonsa1400
suingly?a1425
at after1425
followingly?c1425
afterhand1438
syne1489
by posteriority1523
in sequel1524
still1526
later1527
subsequently1537
senthis?1553
lately1565
subsequent1568
behindc1600
sequelarly1600
posterior1628
in prosecutiona1641
subsequentiallya1683
artera1746
posteriorly1799
ulteriorly1818
later on1829
1628–9 in F. Roberts & I. M. M. Macphail Dumbarton Common Good Accts. (1972) 61 Being daittit posterior of hir convictioun.
1830 E. B. Pusey Hist. Enq. ii. 153 [He] wrote posterior to all these authors.
1853 G. S. Faber Diffic. Romanism (ed. 3) i. ii. 43 He wrote posterior to both these Councils.

Compounds

posterior mediastinum n. Anatomy the posterior portion of the inferior mediastinum, lying between the pericardium and the vertebral column, and containing the descending aorta and oesophagus.
ΚΠ
1787 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 77 405 Below its attachment to the trachea it passes down in the posterior mediastinum, at some distance from the spine.
1851 W. P. Esrey Treat. Anat. & Physiol. 134 The posterior mediastinum extends from the heart to the spinal column, and contains the descending aorta, the superior intercostal, and greater and lesser azygos veins, the thoracic duct, the œsophagus, the great splanchnic nerves, and the pneumogastric nerves.
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 74 The posterior mediastinum between the pillars of the diaphragm.
1980 Gray's Anat. (ed. 36) viii. 1252/1 The posterior mediastinum..is bounded in front by the bifurcation of the trachea, the pulmonary vessels, the pericardium and by the posterior part of the upper surface of the diaphragm.
posterior presentation n. (a) Veterinary Medicine presentation of a fetus in which the hind legs (or the hindquarters, in the case of an abnormal posterior presentation) lie adjacent to the mother's cervix and emerge first at birth; (b) Obstetrics (in humans) occipitoposterior presentation.
ΚΠ
1878 G. Fleming Text-bk. Vet. Obstetr. i. iv. ii. 222 Posterior presentation, the croup or breech is facing the inlet, and the presence or absence of the limbs there..constitute varieties of the presentation.
1983 M. Stansfield New Herdsman's Bk. v. 71 Posterior presentation is quite common, i.e. back legs first.
1998 Midwifery Today & Childbirth Educ. (Nexis) 30 June 13 If I note a woman has a tendency toward posterior presentation, we discuss prenatally the implications for labor.
posterior probability n. Statistics the probability that a hypothesis is true, calculated (typically by application of Bayes' theorem) in the light of certain relevant observations, including expert knowledge; cf. sense B. 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > probability
probability1692
chance1785
posterior probability1921
prior probability1921
transition probability1922
1921 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 42 387 Even if the prior probabilities of two laws with different domains are notably different, the effect of several verifications of each is able to make the posterior probabilities of the two laws practically equal to each other and to unity.
1977 Lancet 13 Aug. 339/1 If the sister of a hæmophiliac initially has two unaffected boys, the ‘posterior’ probability of her being a carrier falls from 1/2 to 1/5.
1992 Mind 101 172 It comes down to differences in the probabilities of the hypotheses before the evidence was available, since the posterior probability of a hypothesis that entails the evidence is simply the prior probability of the hypothesis divided by the prior probability of the evidence.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
<
n.adj.adv.1509
随便看

 

英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2022 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2025/2/1 6:54:47