请输入您要查询的英文单词:

 

单词 prairie
释义

prairien.

Brit. /ˈprɛːri/, U.S. /ˈprɛri/
Forms:

α. 1600s prerie, 1700s– pararie, 1700s– prairie, 1800s praire, 1800s prarie, 1800s prary; U.S. regional (southern) 1800s perarie, 1800s perrairie, 1800s praari, 1800s praary, 1800s prararee, 1900s– perairie, 1900s– perary, 1900s– prare.

β. 1700s prairia, 1700s–1800s parara, 1700s– praira, 1800s peraira (Australian); U.S. regional (southern) 1800s peraira, 1800s perairah, 1800s perara, 1800s perera.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French prairie.
Etymology: < French prairie tract of meadow land (c1150 in Old French as praierie ) < post-classical Latin prataria (9th cent.) < pratarius (adjective) of the nature of a meadow (9th cent.) ( < classical Latin prātum meadow (see pratal adj.) + -ārius -ary suffix1) + -ia -y suffix3. Compare post-classical Latin praria (12th cent.), praeria , praieria (13th cent. in British and continental sources), Old Occitan pradaria (c1200; Occitan pradariá ), Catalan praderia (13th cent.), Spanish pradería (14th cent.; earlier pradera (13th cent.)), Portuguese pradaria (1611 as praderia ), Italian prateria (c1336). Compare earlier praiere n.Compare the following for use of the French word in an English context with reference to North America:1752 W. Douglass Brit. Settlem. N.-Amer. II. xii. 261 From these great Falls the Route to Montreal in Canada is..to Crown Point a French Fort and Pass near Lake Champlain, then along this Lake to Chamblais River and a little above Chamblais..cross la Prairie to Montreal.
Chiefly North American.
1. An extensive tract of level or undulating grassland, usually without trees; a savannah or steppe. Used chiefly of the grassy plains of North America.bottom, mulatto, soda prairie, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > level land > [noun] > level place or plain > in specific country
savannah1555
llano1613
vega1645
steppea1670
pampasa1672
pampas1703
prairie1773
veld1785
Great Plains1794
puszta1839
campo1863
polje1894
mudflats1947
α.
a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1684) 201 The Prerie or large Sea-meadow upon the Coast of Provence.
1761 R. Gardiner Mem. Siege Quebec 14 An Entrenchment was thrown up in the Prairie (or Meadow) of Monsieur Hichè.
1773 P. Kennedy Jrnl. in T. Hutchins Topogr. Descr. Virginia (1778) 54 The Prairie, or meadow ground on the eastern side, is at least twenty miles wide.
1787 J. Harmar in E. Denny Mil. Jrnl. (1860) 423 The prairies are very extensive, natural meadows, covered with long grass,..like the ocean, as far as the eye can see, the view is terminated by the horizon.
1794 W. Clark Jrnl. 1 Aug. in Mississippi Valley Hist. Rev. (1914) 1 421 An open..Pararie..handsomly interspersed with Small Copse of Trees.
1805 Z. M. Pike Acct. Exped. Sources Mississippi (1810) 7 Four hundred yards in the rear, there is a small prairie of 8 or 10 acres, which would be a convenient spot for gardens.
1815 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 12 326 A large Oak tree stands alone in a prairie... (Note. If this word be merely a French synonime for savannah, which has long been naturalized, the Americans display little taste in preferring it.)
c1834 H. Evans in Chrons. Okla. (1925) III. 181 We could look and behold..one continual large expanse of Pararie.
1861 P. B. Du Chaillu Explor. Equatorial Afr. xvi. 275 We were troubled..on the prairie by two very savage flies, called by the negroes the boco and the nchouna.
1907 J. W. Schultz My Life as Indian xxxi. 362 I had never seen the buffalo more plentiful..the prairie was black with them.
1951 W. O'Meara Grand Portage xxxiii. 214 Only a few inches of dry, fine snow lay on the prairie.
1993 Amer. Heritage Nov. 103/1 (advt.) Only rugged men could drive great herds of cattle across endless miles of Western prairie.
β. 1791 D. Bradley Jrnl. 19 Sept. (1935) 17 A prairia of two or three hundred acres where the grass or wild oats is 8 or 10 feet high and very thick.1795 J. Smith in Ohio Archaeol. & Hist. Q. (1907) 14 380 We saw several pararas, as they are called. They are large tracts of fine, rich land, without trees and producing as fine grass as the best meadows.1819 E. Dana Geogr. Sketches 37 The ore is dug from an open praira.1858 S. A. Hammett Piney Woods Tavern 42 A feller that kin find his way..across the perara.1888 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms II. xi. 190 Wait here; you'll want suthin, may be, on the peraira. If ye do, boy! Jim made good shootin' with this, ye mind.
2. U.S. regional (chiefly southern). A tract of marshland, a marsh; a shallow and densely vegetated pond or lake.trembling prairie: see trembling adj. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun]
marsheOE
fenc888
sladec893
moorOE
mossOE
marshlandlOE
lay-fena1225
lay-mirea1225
moor-fenc1275
flosha1300
strother?a1300
marish1327
carrc1330
waterlanda1382
gaseync1400
quaba1425
paludec1425
mersec1440
sumpa1450
palus?1473
wash1483
morass1489
oozea1500
bog?a1513
danka1522
fell1538
soga1552
Camarine1576
gog1583
swale1584
sink1594
haga1600
mere1609
flata1616
swamp1624
pocosin1634
frogland1651
slash1652
poldera1669
savannah1671
pond-land1686
red bog1686
swang1691
slack1719
flowa1740
wetland1743
purgatory1760
curragh1780
squall1784
marais1793
vlei1793
muskeg1806
bog-pit1820
prairie1820
fenhood1834
pakihi1851
terai1852
sponge1856
takyr1864
boglet1869
sinkhole1885
grimpen1902
sphagnum bog1911
blanket bog1939
string bog1959
the world > the earth > water > lake > [noun] > other types
pene-lake1668
salina1697
slough1714
salt lake1763
bayou1766
lagoon1769
cut-off1773
prairie1820
maar1826
boating lake1834
serpentine1837
soda lake1839
bitter lake1843
stream-lake1867
shott1878
crater-lake1879
playa1885
oxbow lake1887
kettle-hole lake1902
mortlake1902
oxbow1902
seepage lake1934
paternoster lake1942
soda pan1976
1820 C. H. Wilson Wanderer in Amer. App. 103 Those prairies, being swampy, or in plain English, boggy land, exhale agues and fevers innumerable.
1875 Constitution (Atlanta, Georgia) 10 Dec. This prairie, so called..stretched for miles north and south of us, and was covered about twelve or fifteen inches in water, and under the water was a soft muck into which we would bog from six to twelve inches.
1916 Dial. Notes 4 270 Prairie, n., marsh. (Barataria Bay.)
1934 National Geographic Mag. 65 601 Shallow ponds, or ‘prairies’, with a tropical tangle of vegetation.
1942 M. K. Rawlings Cross Creek 51 We use the word ‘prairie’ in a special sense. We have no open plains, but around most of the larger lakes are wet flat areas thick with water grasses, and these we call our prairies. They are more nearly marshes, yet we save the word ‘marsh’ for the deep mucky edges of lake and river, dense with coontail and lily pads.
1993 Conservationist Jan. 19/2 Pirogues, mud boats or ‘go-devils’ are the recommended means of travel in the prairie.
3. Chiefly U.S. Also with capital initial. More fully prairie engine. A type of steam locomotive with a 2-6-2 wheel arrangement, with the middle six being driven. Cf. mountain n. 7.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > locomotive > steam locomotive > other types of steam locomotive
pilot1842
bogie engine1843
saddle tank1871
saddle tank engine1888
prairie1900
single1901
1900 Nebraska State Jrnl. 29 May 7/2 New style locomotive..will arrive in Lincoln sometime today... It is of a style called the ‘prairie’ engine... The grate area is forty-two square feet... This enables the ‘prairie’ engine to burn a lower grade of fuel.
1911 Times 31 May 27/3 The Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fé Railroad has recently converted two Prairie type freight locomotives into a single Mallet locomotive.
1945 J. L. Marshall Santa Fe xvii. 281 Over a twisting track..Fred Jackson took the..big, high-wheeled prairie engine, around the curves at sixty-five miles an hour.
1981 B. Carter Black Fox Running (1982) xxxiv. 221 The metal shelf shook and vibrated and the ‘prairie’ rolled on.
1995 N. Whittaker Platform Souls (1996) xxvi. 201 (caption) A prairie tank runs ‘tender first’out of Bridgnorth on the Severn Valley Railway.
2003 D. Borsvold Railroading in Conneaut, Ohio 44 The Prairies were developed in the late nineteenth century as a more powerful successor to the 4-4-0 Americans.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
prairie country n.
ΚΠ
1806 Deb. Congr. U.S. (1852) 9th Congress 2 Sess., App. 1136 The quality of the land is supposed superior to that on Red river, until it ascends to the prairie country, where the lands on both rivers are probably similar.
1907 W. O. Lillibridge Where Trail Divides 152 The darkness that precedes morning has the prairie country in its grip.
1992 Art Newspaper (BNC) 13 The finds from a Canadian village have led the organisers to postulate that the ‘prairie country’ of Norse myth may have been Newfoundland.
prairie craft n.
ΚΠ
1851 M. Reid Scalp Hunters I. iii. 33 An insight into many an item of prairie-craft.
1894 Harper's Mag. Feb. 466/1 His unsurpassed marksmanship, pedestrianism, wood-craft, prairie-craft, hunter-craft, and Indian craft.
2003 Argus Leader (Sioux Falls, S. Dakota) (Nexis) 20 June 1 b The festival will include pioneer games, prairie crafts, Dutch oven cooking and wildlife puppet shows for kids.
prairie farm n.
ΚΠ
1838 H. W. Ellsworth Valley Upper Wabash v. 49 A late and lamented brother of the writer, who had just finished a prairie farm.
1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn vii. 57 Hogs soon went wild in them bottoms after they had got away from the prairie farms.
1993 Beaver Feb. 30/1 Western Canada was especially hard hit... Prairie farms were drought-stricken.
prairie flower n.
ΚΠ
1830 T. Flint Shoshonee Valley II. xi. 197 A blighted prairie flower, cut down under the withering of a summer's sun.
1894 Harper's Mag. Aug. 422/1 To be sure there were patches of orange prairie flowers all about.
1990 J. Hudson Dawn Rider (1992) iii. 41 On the flatter cutting ground toward the river, the greater moisture and soil had covered hundreds of corpses with prairie flowers.
prairie hay n.
ΚΠ
1829 Norwalk (Ohio) Reporter & Huron Advertiser 26 Sept. 3/3 Four Sacks of Prairie Hay.
1880 D. Currie Lett. of Rusticus 6/2 They [sc. horses] are being fed with prairie hay.
1979 G. MacEwan Pat Burns, Cattle King (1981) xvii. 129 Burns cut and stacked large amounts of prairie hay for winter feeding.
prairie hill n.
ΚΠ
1808 in Z. M. Pike Acct. Exped. Sources Mississippi (1810) ii. App. 4 The..river is bounded here in a narrow bed of prairie hills.
1873 Ladies' Repository Mar. 207/1 A seemingly endless range of prairie hill, covered with naught but the rank animal grasses.
1977 W. K. Powers Oglala Relig. (1982) vii. 84 At one time a great flood visited the western plains. Many tribes came to the prairie hills to escape from the rising waters.
prairie knoll n.
ΚΠ
1848 G. Lippard ’Bel of Prairie Eden i.10/2 Harry sat in silence on the edge of the Prairie knoll, his slender form couched artlessly on the tall thick grass.
1868 G. A. McCall Lett. from Frontiers 418 The abrupt prairie knolls,..seem in the distance to elevate their rocky summits.
1976 Amer. Midland Naturalist 95 314 A complex network of interconnected marshes that, together with several low prairie knolls, makes up this state wildlife management area.
prairie land n.
ΚΠ
1804 P. Gass Jrnl. 2 Sept. (1807) 34 There is handsome prairie land on the south.
1907 Times 29 July 15/3 Half a century ago, before the prairie lands had been broken up for cereal cultivation.
1992 A. W. Eckert Sorrow in our Heart 917 The isolated groves of dense forest that existed here and there in the vast prairie lands extending from northern Ohio westward.
prairie plateau n.
ΚΠ
1852 J. Richardson Arctic Searching Exped. 365 Its bed is in many places deeply cut beneath the level of the prairie plateau, which is not separated by any marked ridge from the Saskatchewan prairie country.
1908 News (Frederick, Maryland) 3 Aug. 8/3 Included in the plans is a tract of prairie plateau in southern Alberta.
2003 Canad. Geographic Trav. & Adventure Spring–Summer 31/2 Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park boasts high prairie plateaus that reach nearly 1,500 metres above sea level.
prairie ranger n.
ΚΠ
1882 O. Coomes in Beadle’s Half Dime Libr. No. 260. 1 (title) Dare-devil Dan, the young prairie ranger; or, Old Rosebud's Boy Brigade.
1885 N.Y. Times 13 Aug. 5/4 (headline) Victims of cheap literature. The escapade of two ‘prairie rangers’.
1895 Outing 26 475/2 The Southern California clubs..express a positive dislike for bronchos, cayuses, cow-ponies and prairie rangers of any and all sorts.
1909 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Jrnl.-Gaz. 4 July A realistic scene in which it [sc. a coach] figured in the olden days by being realistically attacked by Indians and rescued by the prairie rangers.
1999 Western Daily News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 5 May People..get themselves into huge debt for some lumbering four-wheel-drive, a big kids' toy with ‘prairie ranger’ or ‘street trooper’ or equally ludicrous nonsense plastered on its paintwork.
prairie stream n.
ΚΠ
1830 W. J. Snelling Tales of Northwest vi. 143 He continued, pointing to a distant strip of wood, such as always fringes the border of a prairie stream.
1909 W. A. White Certain Rich Man iii. 32 At night they camped by the prairie streams, and the men sang and wondered what they were doing at home.
2000 Limnol. & Oceanogr. 45 1025/2 Ammonium uptake in Upper Ball Creek had mass transfer coefficients similar to those found in an autotrophic, prairie stream.
prairie town n.
ΚΠ
1848 Sci. Amer. 11 Mar. 195/4 Large numbers are to join them in the Spring when Pella will suddenly become a populous prairie town.
1908 Collier's 28 Mar. 11/1 ‘If you go as far as Winnipeg, you'll see the finest hotel in all the world.’ ‘Nonsense!’ he said. ‘You're pulling my leg! Winnipeg's a prairie-town.’
1994 This Country Canada Spring 25/1 Milestone is much like any prairie town.
prairie upland n.
ΚΠ
1851 M. Reid Scalp Hunters II. xii. 201 A life spent beneath the blue heaven of the prairie-uplands and the mountain ‘parks’.
1926 Econ. Geogr. 2 432 The broad valleys, and the vast stretches of the level prairie upland contain deep, rich, productive soil, capable of yielding a great variety of crops.
2000 D. Shutler et al. in Conservation Biol. 14 1441 (title) Bird communities of prairie uplands and wetlands in relation to farming practices in Saskatchewan.
C2.
prairie alligator n. any of various stick insects (walking sticks).
ΚΠ
1890 Cent. Dict. Prairie-alligator, an insect of the family Phasmidæ;..usually the thick-thighed walking-stick, Diapheromera femorata.
1894 Scudder in Harper's Mag. Feb. 456 The form..dubbed ‘stick-bogs’ and ‘prairie alligators’, our Diapheromera femorata.
2005 News–Press (Fort Myers, Florida) (Nexis) 15 May (Tropicalia Mag.) 6 r Anisomorpha buprestoides... Variously known as the devil's riding horse, prairie alligator, stick bug, witch's horse, devil's darning needle, scorpion, and musk mare, the twostriped walking stick is one of about 2,000 species in the world.
prairie apple n. [after French pome de prairie (1820 or earlier: see quot. 1820)] = prairie turnip n.
ΚΠ
1820 in Missouri Hist. Soc. Coll. (1908–11) 3 21 The guide today gave me what he called pome de prairie (prairie apple) which he found & which he says the Indians are very fond of—I ate of it; its taste resembling that of a buckeye nut, its shape a pear.
1872 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 820/1 P[soralea] esculenta, the Bread-root of North America, and Prairie Apple of the Canadian boatmen, is an herbaceous perennial..with a carrot-like root.
1939 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 26 530/1 (caption) Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt. (prairie apple) growing on the Chugwater formation of the Triassic system about 7 miles east of Laramie.
1993 T. Coffey Hist. & Folklore N. Amer. Wildflowers 130/1 Breadroot, Pediomelum esculentum... Prairie-Apple, Prairie-Potato, Prairie-Turnip, Scurf-Pea, Tipsin (S. Dak.).
prairie bean n. (a) the seed of the bean Phaseolus metcalfei, native to the south-western U.S. and grown for fodder; the plant itself; (b) a plant of the genus Thermopsis (family Fabaceae ( Leguminosae)).
ΚΠ
1805 M. Lewis Jrnl. 12 May in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1987) IV. 146 The Indians of the Missouri make great uce of this cherry..boiling them with roots or meat, or with the prairie beans and white-apple.
1885 V. Havard Flora W. & S. Texas 501 Phaseolus retusus (Prairie Bean.) Common on prairies west of the Pecos.
1932 P. A. Rydberg Flora Plains & Prairies 454 Thermopsis R. Br. Yellow Pea, Golden Pea, Prairie Bean.
1972 J. Minifie Homesteader xii. 93 The yellow prairie bean, just rampaging into flower in every buffalo-wallow.
prairie bitters n. Obsolete a drink made of buffalo gall and water.
ΚΠ
1848 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms 260 Prairie-bitters, a beverage common among the hunters and mountaineers.
1862 R. F. Burton City of Saints (ed. 2) 50Prairie bitters’—made with..water and a quarter of a gill of buffalo gall—are considered an elixir vitæ by old voyageurs.
1872 M. S. De Vere Americanisms 100 The Prairie Bitters, a horrible mixture of water and buffalo-gall, to which great medicinal powers are ascribed by hunters and border-settlers.
prairie bottom n. now rare a low-lying area of prairie land.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > level land > [noun] > level place or plain > in specific country > type of
fielding1609
bottom prairie1804
prairie bottom1805
prairillon1811
mulatto prairie1858
1805 P. Gass Jrnl. 21 July in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1996) X. 115 We..encamped on the south side, on a beautiful prairie bottom.
1875 Rep. Exped. Yellowstone River 9 The main valley of the Yellowstone..is a prairie-bottom with some good grazing.
1923 Lincoln (Nebraska) Star 16 Mar. 14/3 Far up the prairie bottom numerous ricks of hay loomed up to sight.
1992 P. T. Stroud Thomas Say: New World Naturalist v. 87 After traveling some seven miles they encamped beside a small creek in a narrow but beautiful prairie bottom.
prairie brant n. now rare the white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons.
ΚΠ
1888 G. Trumbull Names & Portraits Birds 12 Anser albifrons gambeli... Known in..the West as Prairie Brant, Speckled Belly, and Speckled Brant,..or Brant simply.
1950 Columbia Encycl. (ed. 2) 244/3 Gray or prairie brant [refers] to the American white-fronted goose.
prairie breaker n. a heavy-duty plough designed to cut a wide shallow furrow and to invert the furrow slice (cf. prairie plough n.); (also, in quot. 1857) a person who uses such a plough.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > other types of plough
ox-plough?1523
double plough1653
chip plough1742
Rotherham plough1743
fluke plough1775
breaking plough1781
miner1794
snap-plough1798
turf-cutter1819
scooter plough1820
bull-tongue1831
prairie plough1831
split-plough1840
prairie breaker1857
straddle-plough1875
tickle-plough1875
chill-plough1886
stump-jump1896
swamp plough1930
prairie buster1943
1857 J. Stirling Lett. from Slave States 11 Here the pioneer is not the backwoodsman with his axe, but the ‘prairie-breaker’ with his team and plough.
1859 Davenport (Iowa) Daily Gaz. 19 Aug. 1/3 Skinner's Anti-Friction Plow... As a prairie breaker it literally has no rival.
1897 I. P. Roberts Fertility of Land ii. 53 One of the old-style prairie-breakers, with the beam nine to ten feet long, and capable of withstanding almost any amount of strain.
1941 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 49 341 The plow used was commonly a heavy, specialized, prairie-breaker, pulled by three to eight yoke of oxen.
1992 U.S. News & World Rep. (Nexis) 18 May 66 In 1837 John Deere forged his first steel plow, ‘the Prairie breaker’.
prairie-breaking adj. and n. (a) adj.(of a plough) suitable for use in prairie-breaking; (b) n.heavy-duty ploughing of a kind requiring the use of a prairie breaker; †land which has been ploughed or broken by a prairie breaker (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > ploughing > [noun]
eartheOE
earingOE
ploughing1374
fallowing1426
labouragec1475
ardagh1483
eara1500
fallowa1500
arder1581
waining1585
stitch1600
caruage1610
furrow1610
till1647
aration1663
bouting1733
breast-ploughing1754
prairie-breaking1845
sodbusting1965
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [noun] > broken land > arable or ploughed land
earthlandeOE
falloweOE
acreOE
hide and gaine1347
furrowc1380
teamlanda1387
tilthc1460
arablec1475
tilling land1488
flat1513
plough-tilth1516
ploughland1530
tillage1543
plough-ground1551
teamware1567
ploughing ground1625
ploughing land1674
prairie-breaking1845
plough1859
1845 Janesville (Wisconsin Territory) Gaz. 21 Aug. (advt.) Manufacturer of steel and prairie breaking plows and other farming utensils.
1861 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1859–60 4 37 The plows were running..too deep for ordinary prairie breaking.
1879 Scribner's Monthly Nov. 132/2 It is only by resorting to figures that one can reach a comprehension of the aggregate extent of these long, narrow, black strips of ‘prairie-breaking’.
1941 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 49 339 Forest-clearing was most generally done by the farm-maker himself while prairie-breaking was very frequently performed by professional breakers on contract.
1986 Jrnl. Southern Hist. 52 100 They also needed forest land for their fields, since they lacked heavy ‘prairie-breaking’ plows to turn the grassland soils.
prairie buffalo n. (a) a lizard, the horned toad (genus Phrynosoma) (obsolete); (b) the American bison, Bison bison; spec. = plains buffalo n. at plain n.1 Compounds 2c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > subfamily Bovinae (bovine) > [noun] > genus Bison > Bison bison (bison) > varieties of
prairie buffalo1806
wood buffalo1837
plain buffalo1859
mountain buffalo1868
wood bison1895
1806 M. Lewis Jrnl. 29 May in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1991) VII. 302 A speceis of Lizzard called by the French engages prarie buffalo are native of these plains as well as those of the Missouri. I have called them the horned Lizzard.
1853 Southern Q. Rev. Apr. 382 No sooner does my lord..set his foot on our shores—in search of a ‘sensation’, hunting Rocky Mountain bears or prairie buffalo..—than, at once, he is surrounded by gaping and obsequious..republicans.
1908 C. Mair Through Mackenzie Basin 178 Mr. P. Deschambeault remembers seeing, in the early fifties of the last century, two fine albino examples of the prairie buffalo.
2003 Canad. Geographic July 62/1 There have been innumerable hikes through prairie-buffalo ranges and mountain-goat hideaways.
prairie burdock n. a rosinweed, Silphium terebinthinaceum, with very large leaves; cf. prairie dock n.
ΚΠ
1847 A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 336 S. Terebinthinaceum. Prairie Burdock... Prairies, Western..and Southern States.
1906 E. W. Hilgard Soils xxv. 514 The lower ground is characterized..among herbs by the polar plant (Silphium laciniatum), the prairie burdock (S. terebinthinaceum), [etc.].
1993 T. Coffey Hist. & Folklore N. Amer. Wildflowers 276/1 Prairie Dock, Silphium terebenthinaceum... Prairie-Burdock, Rosin-Plant, Rosinweed.
prairie buster n. = prairie breaker n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > other types of plough
ox-plough?1523
double plough1653
chip plough1742
Rotherham plough1743
fluke plough1775
breaking plough1781
miner1794
snap-plough1798
turf-cutter1819
scooter plough1820
bull-tongue1831
prairie plough1831
split-plough1840
prairie breaker1857
straddle-plough1875
tickle-plough1875
chill-plough1886
stump-jump1896
swamp plough1930
prairie buster1943
1943 Times 4 Jan. 6 (caption) This picture..shows a ‘Prairie Buster’ being used to break up land.
1952 J. W. Day New Yeomen of Eng. viii. 94 On one tract..which was recently broken up, a very good job was made by a three-furrow prairie-buster hauled by a tracklayer.
2002 Tel. Herald (Dubuque, Iowa) (Nexis) 19 Aug. a10 Grandma raised a dry-land garden, Milked many a cranky cow, Half-broke' broncos pulled her wagon And their ‘prairie buster’ plow.
prairie clipper n. now historical a wagon used for traversing the prairies; cf. prairie schooner n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > [noun] > covered > as used by emigrants in America
prairie schooner1837
prairie ship1847
prairie wagon1848
ambulance1850
prairie clipper1870
1870 De B. R. Keim Sheridan's Troopers 49 The coaches or ‘prairie clippers’, as they are called by the denizens of the country, pitched and jolted.
1939 S. Vestal Old Santa Fe Trail 5 He proposed to build—with their backing—a fleet of large prairie clippers to carry cargo to the cussed Spaniards.
1948 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 14 Aug. (Suppl.) The stranger proposed to navigate with a fleet of prairie clippers equipped with sails and steering gear.
prairie clover n. any of various North American plants of the genus Dalea (family Fabaceae ( Leguminosae)), with pinnate leaves and spikes of pink or white flowers.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > other leguminous plants
peaseOE
vetchc1400
hatchet vetch1548
mock liquorice1548
scorpion's tail1548
ax-fitch1562
ax-seed1562
axwort1562
treacle clover1562
lady's finger1575
bird's-foot1578
goat's rue1578
horseshoe1578
caterpillar1597
kidney-vetch1597
horseshoe-vetch1640
goat rue1657
kidney-fetch1671
galega1685
stanch1726
scorpion senna1731
Dolichos1753
Sophora1753
partridge pea1787
bauhinia1790
coronilla1793
swamp pea-tree1796
Mysore thorn1814
devil's shoestring1817
pencil flower1817
rattlebox1817
Canavalia1828
milk plant1830
joint-vetch1836
milk pea1843
prairie clover1857
oxytrope1858
rattleweed1864
wart-herb1864
snail-flower1866
poison pea1884
masu1900
money bush1924
Townsville stylo1970
orange bird's-foot2007
1857 A. Gray First Lessons Bot. 95 Petalostemon, Prairie Clover... Chiefly perennial herbs,..[with] small flowers.
1939 National Geographic Mag. Aug. 247/2 Prairie clovers may be white, pink, purple, or violet.
1984 T. F. Niehaus Field Guide Southwestern & Texas Wildflowers 94 Scruffy Prairie Clover, Dalea albiflora... Many habitats. Ariz. and southwestern half of N. M.
prairie coal n. now historical dried dung used as a fuel.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > other organic fuels > [noun] > dung
casard1499
casing1516
sharny-peat1808
dung cake1824
buffalo-chips1840
mist1852
argol1856
prairie coal1889
cattle chips1903
squaw wood1914
1889 New Oxford (Pa.) Item 26 Apr. For fuel..the cowboy's cook prefers the ancient buffalo chips, which he calls Kansas or prairie coal.
1939 C. L. Douglas Cattle Kings of Texas 324 He could not bring himself to relish food cooked with ‘prairie coal’.
1972 J. M. Minifie Homesteader vii. 51 As he walked he collected horse-dung for his cook-fire. Weathered ‘prairie coal’ makes a quick, hot fire.
2000 Grand Forks (Minnesota) Herald (Nexis) 20 Aug. b4 When wood was scarce, Cookie prepared food over a campfire fueled with the dried cow droppings the cowboys called prairie coal.
prairie cock n. now regional any of several grouse found on the prairies; esp. the sage grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus, or the prairie chicken, Tympanuchus cupido.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Tetraonidae (grouse) > [noun] > genus Tympanuchus > tympanuchus cupido (prairie-chicken)
pheasant1625
mountain cock1791
prairie fowl1804
prairie hen1804
prairie cock1805
pinnated grouse1811
chicken1812
prairie chicken1832
prairie grouse1851
1805 W. Clark Jrnl. 17 Oct. in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1988) V. 287 Send out Hunters to Shute the Prarie Cock a large fowl which I have only Seen on this river.
1876 J. Burroughs Winter Sunshine v. 115 The prairie hens or prairie cocks set up that low musical cooing or crowing.
1900 H. Garland Eagle's Heart 107 A belated prairie cock began to boom.
1953 Amer. Speech 28 283 (table) Name..Prairie cock..Bird..Prairie chicken..Known Distribution of the Name..Minn.
prairie cocktail n. now rare = prairie oyster n. 1.
ΚΠ
1890 Cent. Dict. Prairie-cocktail, a raw egg, peppered and salted, and drunk in vinegar or spirits.
1920 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press 22 Aug. 8/2 A prairie-Cocktail is an egg seasoned with pepper, salt and vinegar and taken raw.
2001 Arkansas Democrat-Gaz. (Nexis) 15 May e4 The term prairie oyster, also known as prairie cocktail, was believed by some bartenders to be a cure for the hiccups.
prairie crocus n. chiefly Canadian the pasque flower of North America, Pulsatilla patens var. multifida, which typically has blue-violet flowers (also called prairie smoke).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > buttercup and allied flowers > anemones
anemone1548
rose parsley1548
windflower1551
agrimony1578
hepatica1578
liverwort1578
noble agrimony1578
noble liverwort1578
pasque flower1578
Coventry bells1597
flaw-flower1597
herb trinity1597
pulsatilla1597
emony1644
wood-anemone1657
Robin Hood1665
poppy anemone1731
Alpine anemone1774
liverleaf1820
Japan anemone1847
Pennsylvania wind flower1869
smell fox1892
prairie smoke1893
prairie crocus1896
St. Brigid anemone1902
Japanese anemonec1908
Spanish marigold-
1896 Jrnl. Amer. Folk-lore 9 179 Anemone Pulsatilla (?), prairie crocus, Mont., Colo., and N. Dak.
1922 A. Stringer Prairie Child 304 Prairie-crocuses [are] soft blue and lavender and sometimes mauve.
1995 Beaver Aug.–Sept. 4/1 Before long the pasture and road allowances were covered with prairie crocuses, buttercups and three-flowered avens.
prairie-cup n. Obsolete rare a wild flower of the prairies, perhaps = prairie crocus n.
ΚΠ
1875 J. Hay Prairie in B. N. Martin Choice Specimens of Amer. Lit. (ed. 2) 515 Prairie-cups are swinging free To spill their airy wine.
prairie deer mouse n. a North American deer mouse of the subspecies Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii.
ΚΠ
1857 Rep. Explor. & Surv. Route Railroad VIII. 477 The difference between the oak opening deer mouse (michiganensis) and the prairie deer mouse (bairdii).
1915 Jrnl. Ecol. 3 18 Steppe species:—..striped ground squirrel.., prairie deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdi H. and K.), prairie red-backed vole.., [etc.].
1999 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 266 2121/2 The prairie deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdi)..is genetically programmed to live in only one habitat type.
prairie dock n. (a) = prairie burdock n.; (b) a North American feverfew, Parthenium integrifolium.
ΚΠ
1838 I. A. Lapham Catal. Plants Milwaukee 13 Silphium gumni erum. terebinthenaceum [sic], Prairie dock.
1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II. 383/2 Prairie dock, Parthenium integrifolium.
1908 B. L. Robinson & M. L. Fernald Gray's New Man. Bot. (ed. 7) 825 S. terebenthinaceum Jacq. (Prairie Dock.)... Prairies and oak-openings, Ont. and O. to Minn., and southw.
1949 Chicago Tribune 14 Oct. 12/4 You can see the tall, brown stalks of the prairie dock standing erect but devoid of their bright yellow flowers.
2002 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 12 Sept. b6/1 The prairie dock rises like big green spears through the surrounding knee-high grasses.
prairie dove n. Franklin's gull, Larus pipixcan; cf. prairie pigeon n. (c).
ΚΠ
1847 Knickerbocker 30 485 And three eggs which he found in the nest of a prairie dove.
1936 T. S. Roberts Birds of Minnesota (ed. 2) I. 550 Its lovely Dove-like form and gentle, familiar ways appeal to the farmers of the west.., and by them it is known as the ‘Prairie Dove’ or ‘Prairie Pigeon’.
1977 J. Bull & J. Farrand Audubon Soc. Field Guide Birds N. Amer.: Eastern Region 412 Migrating flocks of ‘Prairie Doves’ are still a familiar sight in spring on the southern plains.
prairie falcon n. a large, pale brown falcon, Falco mexicanus, of dry, open country of western North America.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > [noun] > family Falconidae > genus Falco (falcon) > other types of
carrion-kite1581
chickenhawk?a1775
New Zealand falcon1781
shaheen1839
falconet1851
prairie falcon1858
Eleonora falcon1859
quail hawk1873
bush-hawk1882
longwing1964
1858 S. F. Baird Birds (U.S. War Dept.: Rep. Explor. Route Pacific IX) ii. p. xxv, in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (33rd Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 91) Falco (Gennaia) polyagrus, Cassin. Prairie Falcon. Western North America.
1947 R. Bedichek Adventures with Texas Naturalist xiii. 158 I once saw a young jack [rabbit] darting from cover to cover like an artful and seasoned dodger to avoid the stoops of a prairie falcon.
1994 Nature Conservancy Mar. 33/1 Twenty-two species of raptors—such as rare ferruginous hawks, golden eagles, prairie falcons..—make their home on this 15-mile stretch of the waterway.
prairie fever n. enthusiasm or liking for the prairies of North America.
ΚΠ
1851 M. Reid Scalp Hunters I. iii. 33 I became intoxicated with the romance of my new life. I had caught the ‘prairie-fever’!
1921 Chambers's Jrnl. May 323/1 He ain't to know no different but what Jack's got prairie fever. Mind you plum him up stiff.
1959 Geogr. Jrnl. 125 151 At the age of thirty ‘prairie fever’, then a common malady among well-to-do young British sportsmen..took him to the unsettled American prairies and mountains of the Upper Missouri and Yellowstone.
2000 Rocky Mountain News (Denver) (Nexis) 19 Nov. 5 t James Michener caught prairie fever and the inspiration for his novel Centennial from these wide-open spaces.
prairie fly n. now chiefly historical any of various flies, esp. horseflies, which inhabit the North American prairies; cf. greenhead n.2 3.
ΚΠ
1818 Let. 17 Aug. in Rhode Island Hist. (1942) 1 129 The Prairie fly is about the size of a honey bee and about the colour with green heads and there is another kind that keeps in the Woods very large.
1852 J. Reynolds Hist. Illinois 332 A green prairie fly was the most numerous and annoying.
1916 A. H. Sanford Story Agric. in U.S. xiv. 162 The woods gave protection from the storms of winter and the heat and troublesome prairie flies of summer.
1957 Agric. Hist. 31 10/1 Settlers destroyed the prairie flies by burning the prairie grass in June instead of the fall.
1973 Sunday Times Recorder (Zanesville, Ohio) 23 Sept. 6 d/3 Progress was slow because of cold winters and prairie flies that tortured horses in summer.
prairie formation n. (a) Geology a series of stratified deposits occurring on the prairies; (b) Ecology a plant community characteristic of the prairies.
ΚΠ
1858 De Bow's Rev. Jan. 57 The mouth of the Kansas, where the unbroken prairie formation meets the river.
1907 F. E. Clements Plant Physiol. & Ecol. 226 In the prairie formation.., three characteristic societies of the spring aspect are the Astragalus, the Comandra, and the Lomatium societies.
1946 W. G. Wahlenberg Longleaf Pine App. XI. 315 Formation, Fayette. White sands and joint clays deposited by fresh or brackish water in a prairie formation of the Oligocene epoch.
1993 Jrnl. Biogeography 20 625/1 The boreal summergreen woodland and prairie formations..are in greater accordance with vegetation on the more detailed vegetation map.
prairie fowl n. = prairie grouse n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Tetraonidae (grouse) > [noun] > genus Tympanuchus > tympanuchus cupido (prairie-chicken)
pheasant1625
mountain cock1791
prairie fowl1804
prairie hen1804
prairie cock1805
pinnated grouse1811
chicken1812
prairie chicken1832
prairie grouse1851
1804 W. Clark Jrnl. 9 Jan. in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1986) 153 Killed Prary fowl.
1866 New Jersey Laws 681 No person shall..kill, or take, or destroy any pinnated grouse, commonly called prairie fowl.
1893 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. 1 4 Sometimes they [sc. air-sacs] form large inflatable sacs on the throat, as, for instance, in the Prairie-fowls.
1999 Mountain Democrat (Placerville, Calif.) 12 July a11/1 Before stepping into the field, hunters must have a special permit to hunt these prairie fowl [sc. sage grouse].
prairie fox n. either of two small foxes found on the prairies, the kit fox, Vulpes macrotis, and the swift fox, V. velox.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > [noun] > genus Vulpes > vulpes velox
kit-fox1806
kit1812
prairie fox1839
1839 F. Marryat Diary in Amer. I. xvii. 206 [In statistical table of furs] Prairie fox..5,000.
1876 J. Burroughs Winter Sunshine iv. 108 The prairie fox, the cross fox, and the black or silver-gray fox, seem only varieties of the red fox.
1972 Great Bend Tribune (Kansas) 26 Nov. 3/1 The [hunting] season is closed year 'around on swift, or prairie fox, otter and black-footed ferret.
prairie goose n. U.S. a Canada goose, esp. the lesser Canada goose or cackling goose, Branta hutchinsii; frequently with distinguishing word.
ΚΠ
1888 G. Trumbull Names & Portraits Birds 4 Branta canadensis hutchinsii... In..North Carolina, Marsh Goose, and on the coast of Texas, Prairie Goose.
1973 Edwardsville Intelligencer (Illinois) 15 Nov. 7/2 More than 135,000 geese of the Eastern Prairie Goose Flock flew over Iowa en route to winter refuge near Sumner, Mo.
2005 Rocky Mountain News (Denver) (Nexis) 28 Jan. (Sports section) 24 c They are northern prairie geese, hunted veterans who know better—most days—than to do lunch with decoys.
prairie grass n. grass, or any kind of grass, growing on the prairies; (spec. in Australia) a brome, Ceratochloa cathartica, formerly grown as fodder.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > names applied to various types of grass
windlestrawc1000
shear-grass1483
risp1508
sweet-grass1577
star grass1687
reesk1735
bluegrass1751
cheat1784
spear-grass1784
white top1803
prairie grass1812
elephant grass1832
ryegrass1845
wool-grass1854
snow-grass1865
quick1896
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > other grasses
feather-top grass1597
hooded matweed1597
millet grass1597
spring grass1643
moor grass1749
melic1762
finger grass1767
feather-grass1776
aegilops1777
oat-grass1802
prairie grass1812
oat-grass1814
tansy mustard1856
purple moor grass1859
whorl-grass1861
Molinia1866
onion grass1868
káns1874
Turk's-head grass1882
Pangola finger-grass1947
tor grass1954
bush-grass-
1812 Connecticut Courant 24 Nov. 2/3 In consequence of the Indians setting the prairie grass on fire.
1848 H. W. Herbert Pierre the Partisan v. 30 Thus they advanced, now at a foot's pace, picking their ground where the soil was softest and the prairie grass longest.
1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 267 The prairie-grass of America.
1933 F. P. Grove Fruits of Earth i. i. 11 Whereas elsewhere the greyish-green, silky prairie grass grew knee-high.
1984 T. McGuane Something to be Desired iii. 36 Now he could look out through the tall wild prairie grasses on the stream bank.
prairie grouse n. a grouse found on the prairies; spec. the prairie chicken, Tympanuchus cupido.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Tetraonidae (grouse) > [noun] > genus Tympanuchus > tympanuchus cupido (prairie-chicken)
pheasant1625
mountain cock1791
prairie fowl1804
prairie hen1804
prairie cock1805
pinnated grouse1811
chicken1812
prairie chicken1832
prairie grouse1851
1851 R. Glisan Jrnl. Army Life (1874) 88 The birds and animals most common to this country, that are good for food, are..prairie grouse, [etc.].
1918 J. W. Schultz Rising Wolf 127 [We saw] coveys of sage hens and prairie grouse.
1976 D. Blood Rocky Mountain Wildlife i. ii. 133 Two kinds of prairie grouse, the sharp-tailed (often incorrectly called prairie chicken, or just chicken) and sage grouse may be encountered locally in the Rockies.
1999 Gun Dog Dec. 80/3 Let's say your pointer points quail, pheasant or prairie grouse, but sometimes tends to ‘creep’ on them.
prairie hare n. a hare found on the prairies; esp. the white-tailed jackrabbit, Lepus townsendii.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Lagomorpha (rabbits and hares) > [noun] > family Leporidae > genus Lepus (hares) > lepus americanus (snowshoe hare)
rabbit1634
prairie hare1840
sage hare1868
snow-shoe1888
snow-shoe rabbit1889
snowshoe hare1921
mountain hare1923
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Lagomorpha (rabbits and hares) > [noun] > family Leporidae > genus Lepus (hares) > lepus townsendii (jack-rabbit)
prairie hare1840
jackass rabbit1847
mule-eared rabbit1855
mule rabbit1857
Texan hare1859
jackrabbit1863
Jack1864
mule-ear rabbit1889
mountain hare1923
1840 E. Emmons Rep. Quadrupeds Mass. (Mass. Zool. & Bot. Survey) 58 Lepus Virginianus. Harlan. Prairie Hare... This species is common throughout the New England States, and is known generally as the White Rabbit.
1846 G. R. Gibson Jrnl. 17 July (1935) 152 We also saw a prairie hare in a few miles of camp. They are double the size of the rabbit but made very much like it, in color a shade lighter, and in action its equal.
1912 E. T. Seton Arctic Prairies xxxv. 231 It was exactly like a Prairie Hare in all its manners, even to the method of holding its tail in running.
1961 H. H. T. Jackson Mammals Wisconsin 104 Lepus townsendii campanius... Vernacular names..prairie hare [etc.].
2003 W. Mott Athens Rising vi. 114 With personalities as unalike as the shy prairie hare from his cunning cousin the mountain fox.
prairie hawk n. any of various hawks found on the prairies.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > [noun] > family Falconidae > genus Falco (falcon) > falco sparverius
prairie hawk1817
1817 E. P. Fordham Jrnl. 17 Dec. in Pers. Narr. Trav. (1906) viii. 143 Saw some prairie hawks, blue bodies, ash coloured belly and wings, tipped with black.
1907 W. O. Lillibridge Where Trail Divides 259 Swift as the swoop of a prairie hawk..the man's arms were about her.
1961 Daily Courier (Connellsville, Pa.) 1 Sept. 11/1 Imperious, headstrong, wild as a prairie hawk, she had never seemed in fear of man or devil.
prairie itch n. now historical any of various pruritic skin conditions seen in inhabitants of the prairies.
ΚΠ
1857 Janesville (Wisconsin) Gaz. 17 Mar. (advt.) For the immediate and permanent cure of the Itch, Prairie Itch, and all other forms of this loathsome cutaneous disease.
1867 J. King Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Pathol. & Treatm. 1034 A very remarkable disease, which appears to be not only of a contagious character, but also to exist epidemically; it has received several names, as, Indiana Itch, Illinois Itch, Prairie Itch, Seven-year Itch, Camp Itch, Army Itch, etc.
1910 J. N. Hyde Pract. Treat. Dis. Skin (ed. 8) 779 Prairie Itch, this is a popular term applied largely in the Western, Northwestern, and Southern States of America to a cutaneous affection productive of itching sensations.
1961 W. O. Mitchell Jake & Kid 105 I had the measles and the prairie itch once and the mumps on both sides.
1996 Canad. Geographic Sept. 19/2 Prairie itch—a dermatitis produced by contact with nasty micro-organisms called freshwater polyps found in prairie potholes, ponds and ditches.
prairie lark n. (a) a lark found on prairies; spec. the horned lark or shorelark, Eremophila alpestris, of North America, or the calandra lark, Melanocorypha calandra, of central Asia; (b) Sprague's pipit, Anthus spragueii (obsolete rare).
ΚΠ
1805 in Orig. Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1905) VI. 187 The Prarie lark, bald Eagle, & the large plover have returned.
1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 112/2 In North America [pipits] are represented by only two species—Neocorys spraguii, the Prairie-Lark of the north-western plains, and Anthus ludovicianus, the American Titlark.
1945 V. F. L. Eifert Birds 108 Prairie larks are flatland birds, the color of dust and dead grass.
1966 Caribou County (Idaho) Sun 14 July The amazing, delightful story of a couples' [sic] experiences with a number of precocious, lovable prairie larks.
prairie lily n. any of various plants of the lily family growing on the prairies; esp. the wood lily, Lilium philadelphicum.
ΚΠ
1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha 37 And the daughter of Nokomis Grew up like the prairie lilies.
1916 Geogr. Rev. 2 91 Abundant monocotyledons, other than the grasses, are the wild onion and the prairie lilies.
1996 Canad. Geographic Sept. 19/2 Prairie lily—the official floral emblem of Saskatchewan, Lilium philadelphicum, the red-range lily or western red lily.
prairie loo n. now historical a counting game played to pass the time on a journey across a prairie (see quot. 1834).
ΚΠ
1834 C. F. Hoffman Let. 16 Jan. in Winter in West (1835) I. 264 I was contented to wrap myself as closely as possible in my buffalo robe, and join him in a game of prairie loo... The game consists merely in betting upon the number of wild animals seen by either party, towards the side of the vehicle on which he is.
1947 Fitchburg (Mass.) Sentinel 15 Jan. 7/3 Prairie loo was a game played in pioneer days by counting the number of game animals on either side of a road during a journey.
prairie madness n. now historical depression or other mental illness found among early settlers on the prairies, attributed to the isolation and harshness of their mode of life.
ΚΠ
1912 J. Sandilands Western Canad. Dict. & Phrase-bk. 35 Prairie madness, the melancholia which attacks the lonely homesteader.
1973 H. Robertson Grass Roots iii. 53 The loneliness and isolation which contributed to emotional breakdowns known in the West as ‘prairie madness’.
2003 Newsday (Nexis) 15 June d29 She began researching ‘prairie madness’, a scientifically documented syndrome that afflicted 19th century homesteaders in the Dakotas.
prairie marmot n. = prairie dog n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Sciuridae (squirrel) > genus Cynomys (prairie-dog)
prairie dog1804
wishtonwish1806
prairie squirrel1808
squirrel1808
prairie marmot1826
1826 J. D. Godman Amer. Nat. Hist. II. 114 The Prairie Marmot... Commonly called Prairie-dog.
1888 Ipswich (Mass.) Chron. 15 Sept. 2/4 Usually a country that is inhabited by prairie dogs, or more properly by prairie marmots, has a dry, thin atmosphere.
1940 Freeport (Illinois) Jrnl.-Standard 16 Dec. 9/2 They just might get in some practice cracking at jack-rabbits and gophers and prairie marmots.
2002 Manch. Evening News 13 Apr. 3 The new interactive showpiece is designed to allow children and parents to get closer to the North American Prairie Marmots than before.
prairie meadow mouse n. = prairie vole n.
ΚΠ
1857 Rep. Explor. & Surv. Route Railroad VIII. 539 Arvicola (Pedomys) austera, Leconte. Prairie Meadow-Mouse.
1936 Amer. Midland Naturalist 17 257 The Prairie Meadow Mouse is found in the northern central part of the Mississippi Valley.
1961 H. H. T. Jackson Mammals Wisconsin 236 Prairie Vole... Probably most frequently called prairie mouse or short-tailed prairie mouse... Other names include prairie meadow mouse,..prairie short-tailed mouse, [etc.].
prairie mole n. (a) any of several burrowing rodents found on the prairies; esp. the northern pocket gopher, Thomomys talpoides (obsolete); (b) an eastern American mole of the subspecies Scalopus aquaticus machrinus, found on the prairies.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > [noun] > order Insectivora > family Talpidae > member of genus Scalops
prairie mole1808
shrew-mole1823
Texan shrew-mole1888
1808 Z. M. Pike Acct. Exped. Sources Mississippi 31 Caught a curious little animal on the prairie, which my Frenchman termed a prairie mole.
1857 Rep. Explor. & Surv. Route Railroad VIII. 63 (heading) Scalops Argentatus. Silver or Prairie Mole.
1869 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 39 129 The prairie mole (Hesperomys austerus, Baird).
1933 Amer. Midland Naturalist 14 4 Scalopus aquaticus machrinus (Raf.). Prairie mole. Very common. Moles are well-known lawn pests throughout South Bend.
1976 Amer. Midland Naturalist 95 436 The particular subspecies studied was S. a. machrinus, frequently referred to as the prairie mole.
prairie mouse n. (a) any of various deer mice (genus Peromyscus) found on the prairies; cf. prairie deer mouse n.; (b) = prairie vole n.; cf. prairie meadow mouse n.
ΚΠ
1857 Rep. Explor. & Surv. Route Railroad VIII. (heading) 476 Hesperomys Michiganensis. Prairie Mouse.
1937 Ecology 18 88 (table) Perennial Nucleus... Predominants... White footed prairie mouse, Pack rat, [etc.].
1961 H. H. T. Jackson Mammals Wisconsin 236 Prairie Vole... Probably most frequently called prairie mouse or short-tailed prairie mouse.
1989 Sunday Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 3 Dec. d5/1 Meadow and prairie mice have tails about twice the length of their hind feet.
prairie owl n. an owl found on the prairies; esp. the burrowing owl, Athene cunicularia, or the short-eared owl, Asio flammeus.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Strigiformes or owl > [noun] > family Strigidae > athene cunicularia (burrowing owl)
burrowing owl1757
prairie owl1846
the world > animals > birds > order Strigiformes or owl > [noun] > family Strigidae > genus Asio > asio flammeus (short-eared owl)
hawk-owl1747
short-eared owl1766
mouse hawk1772
woodcock owl1840
prairie owl1846
fern-owl1885
1846 R. B. Sage Scenes Rocky Mts. xii. 110 The prairie-owl and rattlesnake maintain friendly relations with these inoffensive villagers [sc. prairie-dogs].
1860 C. W. Wilson Mapping Frontier (1970) ii. 108 Nothing to disturb me but the melancholy note of the prairie owl.
1876 J. H. Simpson Rep. Explor. Great Basin Utah (U.S. Army Corps Topogr. Engineers) 377 Speotyto cunicularia var. hypugæa, Coues.—Prairie Owl. Fort Kearney; Platte Creek; Horse Creek, Utah; 4 specimens.
1953 Chillicothe (Missouri) Constitution-Tribune 23 Feb. 1/4 A number of marsh hawks and prairie owls were scared up.
2000 Grand Forks (N. Dakota) Herald 27 June a5 They pointed to a large, short-eared owl who was hunting in the tall grass. It was a prairie owl.
prairie pea n. either of two milk vetches with edible fruits, the buffalo bean, Astragalus crassicarpus, and A. mexicanus; the fruit of either of these plants.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > other fruits > [noun]
tamarind1539
zizypha1546
guava1555
tuna1555
turpentine1562
mango1582
mammee1587
durian1588
lychee1588
sapota1589
fritter1591
mangosteen1598
custard apple1648
longan1655
mammee sapota1657
mammee apple1683
breadfruit1697
coco-plum1699
rambutan1707
pawpaw1709
locust bean1731
sapodilla1750
cherimoya1758
wild lime1767
Otaheite apple1777
narra1779
langsat1783
rose apple1790
cinnamon apple1796
sapota plum1797
bhindi1809
salak1820
gingerbread plum1824
geebung1827
loquat1829
sapodilla plum1830
sage-apple1832
kangaroo-apple1834
karaka-fruit1834
quandong1836
mombin1837
terap1839
zapote1842
tamarind plum1846
prairie pea1848
Barbados-cherry1858
kei-apple1859
Natal plum1859
bullock's heart1866
guava-apple1866
Sierra Leone peach1866
Turkey fig1866
marula1877
scarlet banana1885
Suriname cherry1895
feijoa1898
pear apple1898
ume1918
pepino1922
Chinese gooseberry1925
num-num1926
acerola1954
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > milk-vetch
astragalus1548
sea trefoil1548
sea trifoly1548
milk-vetch1597
liquorice vetch1640
prairie pea1848
sweet milk-vetch1860
buffalo-bean1906
1848 E. Bryant What I saw in Calif. ii. 28 I observed, also, a plant producing a fruit of the size of the walnut, called the prairie-pea... In its raw state it [sc. the fruit] is eaten by travellers..to quench thirst.
1869 Amer. Naturalist 3 162 One of the earliest flowers [of the Kansas plains] is the Prairie-pea (Astragalus mexicanus).
1943 B. A. De Voto Year of Decision 155 They..made spiced pickles of the ‘prairie peas’.
2004 J. N. Graham Prairies call your Name v. 36 Purple coneflowers and yellow, prairie pea, phlox, and scarlet milkweeds grew here wild and free.
prairie phlox n. a phlox found on the prairies; esp. downy phlox, Phlox pilosa.
ΚΠ
1918 H. D. House Wild Flowers N.Y. II. 229 The Downy or Prairie Phlox..occurs rather locally in New York.
1940 W. N. Clute Amer. Plant Names (ed. 3) 266 Phlox glaberrima. Prairie phlox, meadow-phlox.
2004 Star Herald (Scottsbluff, Nebraska) 6 Oct. (Neighbors section) 2/1 Wildflowers begin with prairie phlox in the early spring.
prairie plough n. (also prairie plow) now chiefly historical a plough suitable for prairie-breaking; = prairie breaker n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > other types of plough
ox-plough?1523
double plough1653
chip plough1742
Rotherham plough1743
fluke plough1775
breaking plough1781
miner1794
snap-plough1798
turf-cutter1819
scooter plough1820
bull-tongue1831
prairie plough1831
split-plough1840
prairie breaker1857
straddle-plough1875
tickle-plough1875
chill-plough1886
stump-jump1896
swamp plough1930
prairie buster1943
1831 W. Sewall Diary 50 Apr. (1930) 136 Sat off with the team, and a prairie plow which came on late last night with instructions, to commence breaking prairie.
a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. II. 1782/1 Prairie-plow, a large plow supported in front on wheels, and adapted to pare and overturn a very broad but shallow furrow-slice.
1949 Agric. Hist. 23 124/2 The farmer, after first breaking the tough prairie sod with the newly-invented prairie plow, sowed a field of wheat, a field of corn, and possibly some oats, barley, or flax.
1999 A. C. Guelzo Abraham Lincoln i. 42 The prairie grass, with its twisty root systems as much as three feet deep, could not be broken by anything but heavy prairie plows, pulled by five to ten yoke of oxen.
prairie plover n. any of several plovers occurring on the prairies; esp. the mountain plover, Charadrius montanus.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > bartramia longicauda (Bartram's sandpiper)
highland plover1839
prairie plover1851
prairie snipe1851
prairie pigeon1874
the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > [noun] > family Charadriidae > genus Pluvialis > pluvialis dominica (American golden plover)
green plover1550
whistling plover1668
golden plover1766
frost bird1803
greenback1843
prairie plover1851
prairie snipe1851
prairie pigeon1874
kolea1888
squealer1888
1851 W. Kelly Excursion to Calif. I. v. 83 A stand of prairie plover most opportunely made their appearance as we pulled up.
1888 G. Trumbull Names & Portraits Birds 173 Bartramia longicauda... In Southern Wisconsin,..in 1851 this bird..was known as the Prairie Plover, and also as the Prairie Snipe.
1940 E. T. Seton Trail of Artist-naturalist xxxii. 299 The white-tailed longspurs, the prairie plover, were all gone, wholly routed by the plough.
1954 M. Sandoz Buffalo Hunters iv. 105 The dainty little prairie plover that rose singly, at forty, fifty yards and soared gently away.
1994 Auk 111 505/2 The name of the Mountain Plover has always been considered a misnomer... Rather most field biologists think of it as either the ‘you-can-see-the-mountains-from-here’ plover or the ‘prairie’ plover.
prairie plum n. either of two North American wild plums, Prunus angustifolia and P. umbellata.
ΚΠ
1814 H. M. Brackenridge Views Louisiana 62 Amongst the species of plums in Lousiana..there is none more interesting than the prairie plum, (prunus chickasa).
1908 N. L. Britton N. Amer. Trees 487 Black Sloe—Prunus umbellata... Also called..Prairie, Oldfield, Chicasaw, or Bullace plum.
1949 World–Herald Mag. (Omaha, Nebraska) 3 July 2/1 Fuel was one of the toughest problems. The Poole family tried prairie plum bush, seldom thicker than a man's thumb.
2001 Edmonton Sun (Nexis) 22 July Homes h10 Prairie plums need to be pollinated with another variety of plum in order to successfully produce fruit.
prairie potato n. = prairie turnip n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > other root vegetables
skirret1338
pease earthnut1548
skirret-root1565
rampion1573
Tragopogon1578
oca1604
tuckahoe1612
groundnut1636
sedge-root1648
breadroot1756
tannia1756
rush nut1783
wapato1796
cous1806
vegetable oyster1806
prairie turnip1811
prairie potato1828
murnong1836
Tartarian bread1836
biscuitroot1837
yam-bean1864
tiger-nut1887
wasabi1903
ramp1946
sunchoke1955
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > other root vegetables or plants producing them
skirret-root1565
Spanish nut1597
oca1604
tuckahoe1612
sisyrinchium1629
sedge-root1648
arrowroot1681
breadroot1756
tannia1756
rush nut1783
wapato1796
cous1806
prairie turnip1811
prairie potato1828
native potato1833
murnong1836
Tartarian bread1836
biscuitroot1837
tobacco-root1845
amadumbi1851
chufa1860
yam-bean1864
parsnip chervil1866
tiger-nut1887
yautia1899
wasabi1903
1828 J. C. Beltrami Pilgrimage in Europe & Amer. II. xvii. 321 Everything appeared to me delicious, even some roots which they call prairie-potatoes, and which I had before thought detestable.
1891 Canad. Indian Mar. 168 The prairie potato..yields when dry a light, starchy flour, and is often cut into thin slices and dried for winter.
1947 J. C. Malin Grassland N. Amer. (1961) ix. 106 On June 4 [1843], he observed Kansas Indian women digging prairie potatoes (psoralea esculenta).
1976 Hortus Third (L. H. Bailey Hortorium) 924/1 Psoralea esculenta Pursh. Indian turnip, breadroot,..prairie potato.
prairie rattler n. = prairie rattlesnake n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > types of snake > [noun] > family Viperidae (vipers) > subfamily Crotalinae > member of genus Sistrurus
rattlesnake1624
cascabel1758
prairie rattlesnake1817
rattler1827
massasauga1835
Mississauga rattler1843
mangrove cascabel1858
sidewiper1873
prairie rattler1878
ground rattler1908
the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > types of snake > [noun] > family Viperidae (vipers) > subfamily Crotalinae > genus or member of genus Crotalus > rattlesnake
rattlesnake1624
cascabel1758
prairie rattlesnake1817
rattler1827
water rattle1832
mangrove cascabel1858
horned rattlesnake1870
sidewinder1875
prairie rattler1878
diamond rattlesnake1883
water rattler1888
diamond-back1907
timber rattler1936
1878 J. H. Beadle Western Wilds 133 The only dangerous snakes are the little prairie rattlers, seldom over two feet long.
1948 Chicago Tribune 30 May 14 A prairie rattler coils to strike; its prey is a rabbit.
1995 Gourmet Aug. 50 Occasionally,..the alert traveler may spot jackrabbits and prairie rattlers and coyotes.
prairie rattlesnake n. any of various rattlesnakes of the North American prairies; esp. the Western rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis (sometimes spec. the subspecies C. v. viridis).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > types of snake > [noun] > family Viperidae (vipers) > subfamily Crotalinae > member of genus Sistrurus
rattlesnake1624
cascabel1758
prairie rattlesnake1817
rattler1827
massasauga1835
Mississauga rattler1843
mangrove cascabel1858
sidewiper1873
prairie rattler1878
ground rattler1908
the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > types of snake > [noun] > family Viperidae (vipers) > subfamily Crotalinae > genus or member of genus Crotalus > rattlesnake
rattlesnake1624
cascabel1758
prairie rattlesnake1817
rattler1827
water rattle1832
mangrove cascabel1858
horned rattlesnake1870
sidewinder1875
prairie rattler1878
diamond rattlesnake1883
water rattler1888
diamond-back1907
timber rattler1936
1817 S. R. Brown Western Gazetteer 31 The only venomous serpents, are the common and prairie rattlesnake, and copper-heads.
1843 W. Oliver Eight Months Illinois 150 The inhabitants recognize two kinds of rattlesnakes, to wit, the wood- and the prairie-rattlesnake, or mississauga, of which the latter is much the smaller and less dangerous.
1873 ‘M. Twain’ & C. D. Warner Gilded Age 125 Prairie-rattlesnakes..never strike above the knee.
1948 Nat. Hist. Apr. 187/1 An extensive campaign was waged against the prairie rattlesnake.
1991 Nature Canada Summer 28/2 The closely related Prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridus viridus) inhabits southern Alberta and Saskatchewan along the South Saskatchewan and Red Deer rivers and the Cypress Hills area.
prairie renovator n. Agriculture Obsolete an implement used to break up surface soil and vegetation on a prairie prior to cultivation.
ΚΠ
a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 717/2 Prairie Renovator, an implement with tearing harrow teeth, drawn over the surface of grass land to loosen the roots and the soil,..and break up the matted vegetation.
prairie rent n. now historical rent payable for prairie land, based on the value of the land in its original uncultivated state; cf. prairie value n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > [noun] > value of land or property
rack-rental1781
site value1865
land-value1880
prairie value1881
prairie rent1882
plottage1910
1882 Times 2 May 6/7 The question of ‘prairie rent’..is probably more dangerous than the candid policy of ‘no rent’.
1895 M. Davitt in Westm. Gaz. 25 Mar. 3/3 The annual value of such land, in its original or pre-reclaimed condition, would be its ‘prairie rent’.
1988 Canad. Jrnl. Econ. 21 844 These arguments and the number presented above suggest that actual 1901 prairie rent was indeed lower than the numbers currently used.
prairie rose n. any of several North American roses; esp. the climbing rose, Rosa setigera.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > rose and allied flowers > rose > types of rose flower or bush
summer rosea1456
French rose1538
damask rose?a1547
musk rose1559
province1562
winter rose1577
Austrian brier1590
rose of Provence1597
velvet rose1597
damasine-rose1607
Provence rose1614
blush-rose1629
maiden's blush1648
monthly rose tree1664
Provinsa1678
York and Lancaster rose1688
cinnamon rose1699
muscat rose1707
cabbage rose1727
China-rose1731
old-fashioned rose1773
moss rose1777
swamp rose1785
alba1797
Cherokee rose1804
Macartney rose1811
shepherd's rose1818
multiflora1820
prairie rose1822
Boursault1826
Banksian rose1827
maiden rose1827
moss1829
Noisette1829
seven sisters rose1830
Dundee rambler1834
Banksia rose1835
Chickasaw rose1835
Bourbon1836
climbing rose1836
green rose1837
hybrid China1837
Jaune Desprez1837
Lamarque1837
perpetual1837
pillar rose1837
rambler1837
wax rose1837
rugosa1840
China1844
Manetti1846
Banksian1847
remontant1847
gallica1848
hybrid perpetual1848
Persian Yellow1848
pole rose1848
monthly1849
tea rose1850
quarter sessions rose1851
Gloire de Dijon1854
Jacqueminot1857
Maréchal Niel1864
primrose1864
jack1867
La France1868
tea1869
Ramanas rose1876
Japanese rose1883
polyantha1883
old rose1885
American Beauty1887
hybrid tea1890
Japan rose1895
roselet1896
floribunda1898
Zéphirine Drouhin1901
Penzance briar1902
Dorothy Perkins1903
sweetheart1905
wichuraiana1907
mermaid1918
species rose1930
sweetheart rose1936
peace1944
shrub rose1948
1822 J. Woods Two Years' Resid. Eng. Prairie 303 The prairie-roses, balm..and sassafras-wood..have all powerful scents.
1888 Cent. Mag. Mar. 662/2 The carpet of prairie roses, whose short stalks lift the beautiful blossoms but a few inches from the ground.
1946 E. B. Thompson Amer. Daughter 36 We gazed in awe upon the prairie rose, a delicate pink flower growing close to the ground, whose thorny stem belied its tender beauty.
1990 J. Hudson Dawn Rider (1992) x. 111 She stumbled through underbrush toward the growing light... Low prairie roses bent, white smudges, under her moccasins.
prairie ship n. now rare = prairie schooner n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > [noun] > covered > as used by emigrants in America
prairie schooner1837
prairie ship1847
prairie wagon1848
ambulance1850
prairie clipper1870
1847 Independent Amer. & Gen. Advertiser (Platteville, Wisconsin Territory) 21 May The prairie ship was loosened from her moorings on the lands of Mr. Lindsey Lewis.
1862 R. F. Burton City of Saints (ed. 2) 22 The wain is literally a ‘prairie ship’: its body is often used as a ferry.
1922 E. Hough Covered Wagon i. 4 A dull dust cloud arose, softening the outlines of the prairie ships.
prairie skirt n. a long, full skirt with a gathered waist, similar to those worn by women pioneers in the North American prairies and the American West.
ΚΠ
1965 Coshocton (Ohio) Tribune 24 Dec. b13/1 A long, red calico prairie skirt featuring a drawstring waist.
1989 Times (Nexis) 15 Aug. He improves on the familiar range of prairie clothes, establishing the new chic way of layering a..Navaho-patterned sweater and chambray prairie skirt.
2003 N.Y. Times 27 Apr. ix. 3/1 Girls who admired their mothers' prairie skirts last year can now flounce through spring in their own.
prairie smoke n. (a) the North American pasque flower, Pulsatilla patens var. multifida (see prairie crocus n.), which when flowering en masse gives the effect of a bluish haze; (b) a North American avens, Geum triflorum, esp. when in fruit (so called from the long plumose hairs on the styles).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > buttercup and allied flowers > anemones
anemone1548
rose parsley1548
windflower1551
agrimony1578
hepatica1578
liverwort1578
noble agrimony1578
noble liverwort1578
pasque flower1578
Coventry bells1597
flaw-flower1597
herb trinity1597
pulsatilla1597
emony1644
wood-anemone1657
Robin Hood1665
poppy anemone1731
Alpine anemone1774
liverleaf1820
Japan anemone1847
Pennsylvania wind flower1869
smell fox1892
prairie smoke1893
prairie crocus1896
St. Brigid anemone1902
Japanese anemonec1908
Spanish marigold-
1893 Jrnl. Amer. Folk-lore 6 136 Anemone patens, var. Nuttalliana..gosling, prairie smoke, crocus.
1952 Sun (Baltimore) 26 Feb. 10/7 The Pasqueflower..is a bluish open bell shaped wild flower of the prairies... Patches of the flower at a distance give the impression of a bluish haze. This gives rise to its more familiar name ‘prairie smoke’.
1977 J. B. Moyle & E. W. Moyle Northern Wild Flowers 69/2 Purple Avens (G[eum] triflorum). Also called Prairie Smoke... After flowering the styles elongate to form an erect brush of soft, slender plumes, the ‘Prairie Smoke’.
2005 Pioneer Press (St. Paul, Minnesota) (Nexis) 15 May f1 The seed heads of prairie smoke waved in the breeze.
prairie snake n. any of various colubrid snakes of the North American prairies; esp. a bull snake (genus Pituophis).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > types of snake > [noun] > family Colubridae > miscellaneous types of > member of genus Masticophis
whip-snake1774
switch-snake1791
racer1818
coach-whip1827
prairie snake1832
1832 New-England Mag. Mar. 211 You may call it pine snake, prairie snake, or bull snake, as you please. Some say it is excellent eating.
1890 Webster's Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Prairie snake, a large harmless American snake (Masticophis flavigularis). It is pale yellow, tinged with brown above.
1957 Ecology 38 213/1 Three species of prairie snakes are not restricted to sand but occur in grassland relicts well to the east of the main segments of their respective ranges.
1994 Wisconsin State Jrnl. (Nexis) 7 June 1 d The hognose snake. This prairie snake is strange-looking, with a pointed, upturned snout.
prairie snipe n. now rare (a) the American golden plover, Pluvialis dominica (obsolete); (b) the upland sandpiper, Bartramia longicauda.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > bartramia longicauda (Bartram's sandpiper)
highland plover1839
prairie plover1851
prairie snipe1851
prairie pigeon1874
the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > [noun] > family Charadriidae > genus Pluvialis > pluvialis dominica (American golden plover)
green plover1550
whistling plover1668
golden plover1766
frost bird1803
greenback1843
prairie plover1851
prairie snipe1851
prairie pigeon1874
kolea1888
squealer1888
1851 W. Kelly Excursion to Calif. I. v. 80 I shot a brace of prairie snipe.
1857 Ladies' Repository Sept. 524/2 There is another very singular bird belonging to the grallic family; it is commonly called the ‘prairie snipe’. It is very shy..and is about the size of a prairie hen.
1917 T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. I. 247 Upland Plover. Bartramia longicauda... [Also called] Prairie Snipe.
prairie soil n. soil of the kind characteristic of the North American prairies; (spec. in Soil Science) a soil that is marked by a deep, dark-coloured surface horizon with a high organic content, is subject to moderate leaching, and occurs under long grass in subhumid temperate regions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > other soils
white earth1448
Chiltern?1530
light land1589
deads1653
rosil1691
moorland1753
prairie soil1817
residuum1828
rendzina1905
podzol1908
solonetz1924
solod1925
solonchak1925
pedalfer1928
pedocal1928
skeletal soil1932
peloid1933
sierozem1934
planosol1938
lithosol1939
regosol1949
andosol1958
Alfisol1960
Aridisol1960
Histosol1960
Spodosol1960
Andisol1978
1817 S. R. Brown Western Gazetteer 66 The common field near the town contains nearly 5000 acres, of excellent prairie soil.
1876 Trans. Dept. Agric. State Illinois 1875 13 288 The prairie soils are usually darker, more crude, coarser and wetter than the woodland.
1928 C. F. Marbut in Proc. & Papers 1st Internat. Congr. Soil Sci. 4 21 The podsolic and lateritic soils of category VI have been subdivided into 8 sub-groups consisting of Tundra, Podsols, Brown Forest soils, Red soils, Yellow soils, Prairie soils (dark colored humid soils), Laterites and Ferruginous Laterites.
1974 E. A. Fitzpatrick Introd. Soil Sci. vii. 116 In the U.S.A. and elsewhere there are prairie soils or brunizems which are similar to chernozems but they have a middle horizon with a clay maximum and are slightly less fertile.
1991 P. C. Newman Merchant Princes iii. 54 Most of the farms occupied about four hundred feet of river-bank, then arched two miles or so through fields and woodlands to the drier prairie soil.
prairie squint n. a squint such as that which may be produced by prolonged exposure to the bright light of a prairie.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [noun] > squinting or cross-eyes
cast1505
squint-eyedness1591
squinting1626
squinta1652
squintness1656
strabism1656
strabismus1684
cockeye1738
goggle-eye1822
nystagmus1822
cross-eyes1826
cross-eyedness1846
anorthopia1849
heterophthalmy1854
hyperphoria1881
heterophoria1886
hypertropia1897
intorsion1899
hypophoria1932
prairie squint1937
1937 Daily Independent (Monessen, Pa.) 21 July 4/2 Blakely..saddle bowed and with a prairie squint, has a sense of humor as dry as the native alkali.
1963 R. D. Symons Many Trails ix. 92 He wears a grey felt hat, beneath which his tanned face is puckered in the ‘prairie squint’.
2005 Courier-Jrnl. (Louisville, Kentucky) (Nexis) 18 July 1 e Dressed in a gray suit, his eyes squeezed in a tight prairie squint, his pompadour as tall as ever.
prairie squirrel n. (a) = prairie dog n. 1; (b) a North American ground squirrel of the genus Spermophilus, inhabiting the prairies.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Sciuridae (squirrel) > genus Cynomys (prairie-dog)
prairie dog1804
wishtonwish1806
prairie squirrel1808
squirrel1808
prairie marmot1826
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Sciuridae (squirrel) > genus Spermophilus (spermophile) > species richardsoni (Richardson's squirrel)
ground-squirrel1726
prairie squirrel1808
Richardson's ground squirrel1839
picket-pin1901
1808 Z. M. Pike Acct. Exped. Sources Mississippi (1810) ii. 155 We..killed some prairie squirrels, or wishtonwishes.
1857 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1856: Agric. 73 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (34th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 65, Pt. 4) XVI These are with great propriety called ‘Prairie Squirrels’, for their true home is on the prairie.
1936 Amer. Midland Naturalist 17 182 (heading) Franklin's Ground-Squirrel, Franklin's Gopher, Prairie Squirrel, Gray Gopher.
1941 Vestal Short Grass Country 61 In the '90s some enterprising ranchers killed and dressed prairie dogs which they shipped east to market as ‘prairie squirrels’.
1992 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 18 Oct. e3 Chipmunks are rodents like groundhogs, prairie squirrels, beaver, muskrat, rats and mice.
Prairie State n. chieflyU.S. (a) in singular, the state of Illinois; (b) in plural (usually with lower-case initials), the states on the prairies of the U.S. Midwest (esp. Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > North America > [noun] > United States > western states > prairie states
Prairie State1842
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > North America > [noun] > United States > specific states > Illinois
Prairie State1842
1842 People's Advocate (Carrollton, Illinois) 6 Aug. 4/5 Federal Coon Whiggery extinct in the Prairie State!
1842 Wiskonsan Enquirer (Madison, Wisconsin Territory) 24 Dec. We must look to the Prairie States of Illinois, Wiskonsan and Iowa.
1868 Harper's Mag. June 123/2 When he pronounced ‘good-by’ to the Prairie State, at the State line, he said, ‘Behind the cloud the sun is shining still.’
1919 E. Huntington Red Man's Continent iii. 72 We have already seen how much the soil was improved by glaciation in Wisconsin and Ohio. It was in the prairie States that this improvement reached a maximum.
2002 S. W. Usselman Regulating Railroad Innovation i. 34 In the Prairie State capital of Springfield, Lincoln had ample opportunity to observe the rapidly changing character of American political economy.
prairie steppe n. Canadian a prairie forming an extensive elevated plain or plateau.
ΚΠ
1857 J. Palliser Jrnls. (1863) 7 The general altitude of the first or most easterly prairie steppe may be estimated at 800 to 900 feet above sea level.
1950 W. L. Morton Progressive Party in Canada i. 3 The Red River Valley and the Manitoba highlands of the second prairie steppe were veined by railways.
2002 Canad. Geogr. (Nexis) Dec. Spread Eagle Mountain greets the prairie steppe without a screen of high foothills.
prairie turnip n. the edible starchy root of a North American plant, Pediomelum esculentum of the family Fabaceae ( Leguminosae) (also called breadroot); the plant itself; cf. prairie apple n., prairie potato n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > other root vegetables
skirret1338
pease earthnut1548
skirret-root1565
rampion1573
Tragopogon1578
oca1604
tuckahoe1612
groundnut1636
sedge-root1648
breadroot1756
tannia1756
rush nut1783
wapato1796
cous1806
vegetable oyster1806
prairie turnip1811
prairie potato1828
murnong1836
Tartarian bread1836
biscuitroot1837
yam-bean1864
tiger-nut1887
wasabi1903
ramp1946
sunchoke1955
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > other root vegetables or plants producing them
skirret-root1565
Spanish nut1597
oca1604
tuckahoe1612
sisyrinchium1629
sedge-root1648
arrowroot1681
breadroot1756
tannia1756
rush nut1783
wapato1796
cous1806
prairie turnip1811
prairie potato1828
native potato1833
murnong1836
Tartarian bread1836
biscuitroot1837
tobacco-root1845
amadumbi1851
chufa1860
yam-bean1864
parsnip chervil1866
tiger-nut1887
yautia1899
wasabi1903
1811 H. M. Brackenridge Jrnl. 14 June in Views Louisiana (1814) 249 The prairie turnip is a root very common in the prairies, with something of the taste of the turnip, but more dry.
1857 J. Palliser Jrnls. (1863) 38 The root..receives the name of the Prairie Turnip by the half-breeds, who, with Indians, use it as food.
1941 D. McCowan Naturalist in Canada 246 The Crees and the Blackfeet were glad to make a meal from the edible root of the Prairie Turnip.
2003 Grand Forks (N. Dakota) Herald (Nexis) 14 June a4 My aunt told me she used to feed cooked prairie turnips to her mother-in-law when the mother-in-law was old and very ill.
prairie value n. now chiefly historical (originally in the context of land reforms in Ireland in the late 19th cent.) the rental value of prairie land, or of any (formerly) uncultivated land, based on the value of the land in its original state (cf. prairie rent n.); also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > [noun] > value of land or property
rack-rental1781
site value1865
land-value1880
prairie value1881
prairie rent1882
plottage1910
1881 J. Bright Speech 9 May in Hansard (1881) CCLXI. 105 If all that the tenants have done were swept off the soil, and all that the landlords have done were left upon it, the land..would be as bare as an American prairie where the Indian now roams and where the White man has never trod.]
1881 Times 24 Sept. 11/5 Mr. Alfred Webb, an ardent sympathizer with the national cause, states that he felt constrained to write a letter protesting against the dictum propounded at the late convention, that the landlords should be paid for their land at the prairie value.
1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 825 Refusing to go beyond the bare etymology—‘the prairie value’—of the name.
1910 F. H. O'Connell Hist. Irish Parl. Party I. vi. 147 Mr. Butt's Bill was regretfully remembered by owners menaced with the theories of the prairie value school of agrarian politicians.
1969 Jrnl. Brit. Stud. 9 112 Spencer argues that even if the ‘prairie value’ of virgin soil belongs by right to the community, government has no practical way of calculating and exacting the value from proprietors because it is inextricably mixed into present real estate prices.
prairie vole n. a common North American vole, Microtus ochrogaster (in quot. 1916 apparently one of the genus Clethrionomys).
ΚΠ
1916 Manitoba Free Press Evening Bull. 15 Jan. 3/2 A moment later a Red-backed Prairie Vole, scurrying out of the grass, barely escaped with his life as the Shrike struck swiftly at him.
1922 Ecology 3 29 While collecting the prairie deer mice to use in the experiments the prairie vole, Microtus ochrogaster (Wagner), was secured in abundance.
2001 Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Nexis) 22 July d7 Male prairie voles, injected with oxytocin, snuffle and lick their young pups.
prairie wagon n. now chiefly historical a covered wagon; = prairie schooner n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > [noun] > covered > as used by emigrants in America
prairie schooner1837
prairie ship1847
prairie wagon1848
ambulance1850
prairie clipper1870
1848 G. C. Furber Twelve Months Volunteer 323 You would be surprised at the amount of kitchen furniture,..bags, vegetables [etc.] taken out.—You would think of prairie wagons loaded for Oregon.
1920 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 24 328 In prehellenic architecture most notable examples of these long barrel roofs, like the tops of prairie wagons, must have covered the great halls of Troy II.
1994 R. Hendrickson Happy Trails 6 Ambulance, a synonym for a prairie wagon; also called a dougherty wagon.
prairie warbler n. a small warbler, Dendroica discolor (family Parulidae), with a mainly olive back and bright yellow underparts, of open woodland and scrub in eastern North America.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Parulidae (wood warbler) > [noun] > genus Dendroica > miscellaneous types of
yellow-rump1731
yellow redpoll1758
blackpoll1771
Blackburnian warbler1783
yellow warbler1783
prairie warbler1811
Blackburnian1893
1811 A. Wilson Amer. Ornithol. III. 87 [The] Prairie Warbler..I first discovered in that singular tract of country in Kentucky, commonly called the Barrens.
1917 T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. III. 150/1 The Prairie Warbler is not very common on the prairies.
1990 Birder's World Aug. 67/1 By then I had begun to doubt the existence of Prairie Warblers.
prairie wolf n. the coyote, Canis latrans.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > [noun] > genus Canis > canis latrans (coyote)
prairie wolf1804
coyote1824
barking wolf1826
Mearns coyote1917
1804 W. Clark Jrnl. 12 Aug. in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1986) II. 474 A Prarie Wolf Come near the bank and Barked at us this evening.
1898 H. S. Canfield Maid of Frontier 39 The long howl of the prairie wolf rose on the air and hung tremulant.
1948 Daily Ardmoreite (Ardmore, Okla.) 18 Apr. 14/7 There are practically only two distinct kinds of wolves in America—the large gray timber wolf and the coyote or prairie wolf.
1994 Dog World Aug. 144/2 (advt.) The American Staghound..was a favorite of General Custer; used to hunt antelope and the prairie wolf.
prairie wool n. chiefly Canadian the natural, undisturbed plant cover of prairie land, predominantly composed of grasses.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > herb or herbaceous plant > [noun] > herbage or grass > forming characteristic vegetation
meadow grassa1300
bottom grass1594
long grass1699
sweet-grass1812
short-grass1826
prairie wool1908
1908 Reno (Nevada) Evening Gaz. 21 Feb. 8/3 Thousands of acres of grazing land, covered with a thick growth of grass resembling the ‘prairie wool’ which makes the cattle ranges of Alberta and Saskatchewan unrivaled.
1953 Canad. Geogr. Jrnl. June 245/1 The sheep crop the ‘prairie wool’—that excellent hard forage composed of spear-grass, bunch-grass and buffalo-grass.
1992 Prairie Fire Autumn 12 Dear Miss Hotchkiss viewed herself as a pillar of refinement blinking like a beacon over the sea of waving grain fields and rippling prairie wool.

Derivatives

ˈprairied adj. containing or characterized by prairies.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > level land > [adjective] > plain > specific plain
prairied1838
down country1867
pampean1879
Sahelian1973
1838 C. H. Gilman Poetry of Travelling in U.S. 216 Dear to me the South's fair land, Dear the central mountain-band, Dear New England's rocky strand, Dear the prairied West.
1930 H. N. Spalding From Youth to Age 58 The happy cornlands of the prairied West.
1991 Hamilton (Ont.) Spectator (Nexis) 23 Nov. a6 Those who defend green oases within urban areas, as well as wetlands, old growth forests, and prairied grasslands.
ˈprairiedom n. somewhat literary the prairie region; the world of the prairies; (also) the condition of being a prairie.
ΚΠ
1844 Grant County (Wisconsin Territory) Herald 13 July There is more building now going on in this city [sc. Chicago] than at any time before since it emerged from Prairiedom.
1851 M. Reid Scalp Hunters I. vi. 75 The metropolis of all prairiedom.
1931 I. B. Richman Ioway to Iowa 288 (heading) Peter Cartwright primate of all prairiedom.
1998 State Jrnl.-Register (Springfield, Illinois) (Nexis) 22 Nov. 1 Springfield was just the place to go for a short immersion course in prairiedom.
ˈprairie-like adj.
ΚΠ
1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. II. 21 The green, prairie-like, Canada shore.
1904 Collier's 7 May 22/3 The Lunar Apennines suddenly descend to the prairie-like level of the Mare Imbrium (Sea of Showers).
1993 A. L. Hall Deliria (BNC) 62 In contrast to the prairie-like flatness of the structure, a grand gold and white awning prefaced the house.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
<
n.a1682
随便看

 

英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2022 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2025/3/17 17:46:19