beavern.¹

Brit.

/ˈbiːvə/, U.S.

/ˈbivər/

Forms: Old English beofor, befor, ( byfor, befer), Middle English–1600s beuer, Middle English–1700s bever, Middle English bevere, bevyr, 1500s beauer, 1600s beavor, beuer, 1500s– beaver.

Etymology: One of the animal names common to the Aryan family: Old English beofor, earlier befor (= bevor), identical with Low German and Dutch bever, Old High German bibar, modern German biber < Germanic *bebru-z; cognate with Lithuanian bebras, Czech bobr, Old Church Slavonic bebru-, Latin fiber, ‘beaver’; also with Sanskrit babhrús ‘brown,’ and as noun, ‘great ichneumon’ < Old Aryan *bhebhrú-s, reduplicated derivative of bhru- brown, with sense of ‘brown’ or ‘red-brown,’ and ‘brown water-animal.’

a. An amphibious rodent, distinguished by its broad, oval, horizontally-flattened, scaly tail, palmated hind feet, coat of soft fur, and hard incisor teeth with which it cuts down trees; remarkable for its skill in constructing huts of mud and wood for its habitation, and dams for preserving its supply of water.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Castoridae (beaver)

beaverc1000

brocka1387

castora1549

badger1591

terrier1734

bank beaver1903

c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Zup.) 27 Fiber, befor, beofor.

c1200 Moral Ode 362 in Lamb. Hom. 181 Ne scal þer beo fou ne grei..ne beuer ne sabeline.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 205 Beverlay..the place or lake of bevers.

a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 153 To peson or frumenty take þe tayle of þe bevere.

1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 1124 Monstrous beasts..Bred of two kindes, as Griffons, Minotaures..Beavers, and Centaures.

1638 A. Cowley Loves Riddle i. sig. B2^v His lips..Softer then Bevers skins.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. vi. 56 One beaver should..exchange for or be worth two deer.

1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha iii. 44 How the beavers built their lodges.

b. bank beaver n. a beaver living in a burrow apart from the colony. North American.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Castoridae (beaver)

beaverc1000

brocka1387

castora1549

badger1591

terrier1734

bank beaver1903

1903 Outing Mar. 669/1 You find the bank beaver mostly on lakes, or large rivers, which they are unable to dam.

1903 Windsor Mag. Sept. 405/1 Some people who write stories for the papers say that what are called bank beavers are lazy old males that have been forced out of the house by the rest of the family.

1953 Canad. Geogr. Jrnl. Sept. 88/2 All along the river we came upon bank beaver.

c. collective. Beavers. Chiefly U.S.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Castoridae (beaver) > collectively

beaver1631

beaver-kind1735

1631 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1825) (modernized text) I. 52 A sagamore..offered to give them yearly eighty skins of beaver.

1770 G. Washington Diary (1925) I. 441 Then Bever catch it in there way up.

1778 J. King Jrnl. Sept. in Cook Jrnls. (1967) III. ii. 1439 Their jackets were principally of Deer Skins, edg'd with the Skin of other Animals, as Wolves, foxes, beaver &c.

1789 J. Morse Amer. Geogr. 198 In this country are..beaver, otters, sables.

1840 C. F. Hoffman Greyslaer I. v. 60 I had gone clean up to Racket Lake..hoping to get a few beaver.

1878 J. H. Beadle Western Wilds xii. 188 Then Clear Creek, Colorado, was lively with beaver.

1890 L. C. D'Oyle Notches Rough Edge Life 66 I knew that beaver were plentiful.

d. to work like a beaver: to work hard. Originally U.S.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > working > [verb (intransitive)] > work hard or toil

workeOE

swingc1000

to the boneOE

labourc1390

toilc1400

drevyll?1518

drudge1548

droy1576

droil1591

to tug at the (an) oar1612

to stand to it1632

rudge1676

slave1707

to work like a beaver1741

to hold (also keep, bring, put) one's nose to the grindstone1828

to feague it away1829

to work like a nigger1836

delve1838

slave1852

leather1863

to sweat one's guts out1890

hunker1903

to sweat (also work) one's guts out1932

to eat (also work) like a horse1937

beaver1946

to work like a drover's dog1952

to get one's nose down (to)1962

1741 in H. M. Brooks Days of Spinning-Wheel (1886) II. 31 To be sold.., the very best negro woman in this town, who..will work like a beaver.

1835 Col. Crockett's Tour 73 Ingham worked honestly, like a beaver.

1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 225 Mr. Baldwin..has worked like a beaver since he assumed the management of the mine.

1915 Literary Digest 21 Aug. 347/2 Every one knows what ‘working like a beaver’ means.

e. Beaver, a member of the youngest section of the Scout movement, consisting of groups (Colonies) for six- (Canadian five-) to seven-year old boys affiliated to the Scout Association and sponsored by local Scout Groups; also attributive as Beaver Colony. Originally Canadian.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > specific societies or organizations > [noun] > specific youth organizations > members of scouts or guides

Boy Scout1908

patrol leader1908

scout1908

scoutmaster1908

tenderfoot1908

captain1909

Girl Guide1909

Girl Scout1909

lieutenant1909

pathfinder1911

sea scout1911

rosebud1914

brownie1916

sixer1916

tenderpad1916

Brown Owl1918

rover1918

Rover Scout1918

ranger1920

tawny owl1921

Cub1922

Akela1924

scouter1930

Guider1931

den mother1936

Queen's Guide1946

Queen's Scout1952

Venture Scout1966

Beaver1975

skipper1986

1975 Canad. Leader Mag. Jan. 8/1 On September 23, 1971..the first Beaver colony was started in St. Cuthbert's Anglican Church, Winnipeg... Fifteen thousand Beavers later, on November 15, 1974, Beavers–Canada was adopted as a regular section program of Boy Scouts of Canada.

1977 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 23 July (Suppl.) 7/3 There are now 35,000 Beavers in Canada and the membership crisis is over.

1978 Tower Times (Kingston, Ont.) 22 Mar. 5/1 The Beaver Colony know already that they will need at least five new leaders.

1983 J. Deft Beaver Leader's Handbk. 7 In 1982 The Scout Association gave general approval for the formation of Beaver Colonies within existing Scout Groups... The purpose of a Beaver Colony is thus to provide enjoyable and worthwhile activities for boys of six- and seven-years-old.

1983 J. Deft Beaver Leader's Handbk. 7 Beavers are not Members of The Scout Association.

1983 J. Deft Beaver Leader's Handbk. 8 Beaver Leaders..are full Members of the Scout Group which sponsors the Colony.

1985 Oxf. Times 11 Jan. 4/5 Beaver leader Mrs Val Wells..launched the 12-strong colony in July last year.

1985 Oxf. Times 11 Jan. 4/6 The beaver colony is an organization for boys before they join cubs.

a. The fur of the beaver.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of beaver

beaverc1394

beaver-skin1616

flix1667

mitten beaver1744

beaver-wool1780

plew1800

beaver-fur1855

c1394 P. Pl. Crede 295 A cote haþ he furred, Wiþ foyns..oþer fyn beuer.

1532–3 Act 24 Hen. VIII xiii Any maner of furre, other then..otter and beuer.

1613 G. Wither Epithal. in Juvenilia (1633) 363 A hat of Bever.

1739 Gray in Mason Life (ed. 2) 62 With muffs, hoods, and masks of bever.

1837 F. Marryat Snarleyyow (ed. 2) I. x. 125 He pulled off some beaver from his hat to staunch the blood.

figurative.1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. iii. 111 Greene Carpets thrum'd with mossie Beuer, Frendging the round skirts of his winding Riuer.

b. attributive, esp. in beaver hat, beaver bonnet: see 3b below.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hat > made of specific material > beaver

beaver hatc1386

beaver1528

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > woman's bonnet > types of > made from specific material

chip bonnet1763

beaver bonnet1843

c1386 G. Chaucer Prol. 272 On his hed a Flaundrish bever hat.

1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses (new ed.) i. sig. Dviii (note) Bever hattes of xx. xxx. or xl. shillinges price.

1740 J. Swift Will (1746) 20 The second best Beaver Hat I shall die possessed of.

1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) v. 53 Farmers' wives in beaver bonnets and red cloaks.

1862 G. Borrow Wild Wales I. i. 7 He made his appearance very respectably dressed, in a beaver hat, blue surtout [etc.].

1928 D. Byrne Destiny Bay iii. 236 There comes an old fellow in a beaver hat.

c. A shade of brown resembling that of the fur of a beaver; more explicitly beaver-brown; also beaver-coloured, beaver-hued adjs.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [adjective] > reddish brown > beaver

beaveren?a1400

beaver-huedc1400

beaver-coloured1895

the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > reddish brown > beaver

beaver1888

castor1904

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 845 Brode, bryȝt watȝ his berde, & al beuer-hwed.

1888 Cassell's Family Mag. Apr. 313/1 Many new colourings..Beaver is such a becoming tone.

1895 Cassell's Family Mag. Feb. 234/1 A picture hat..of beaver brown velvet.

1895 Windsor Mag. 1 340/2 The cloak is in beaver-coloured velvet.

1914 Scotsman 26 Oct. 12/2 The shades are Steel, Oxford and Parson Grey, Mole, Beaver, Fawn.

d. Beaver-pelts as an article of exchange or trade, or as a standard of value. U.S.

ΚΠ

1630 Rec. Mass. Bay I. 76 It was ordered that those..who bought certayne cattle shall pay 9 l. of beaver.

a1649 J. Winthrop New Eng. (1853) I. 165 They have a great trade of beaver,—about nine or ten thousand skins in a year.

1658 in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1860) II. 46/2 Beaver is exceedingly low at this time.

1686 S. Sewall Letter-Bk. (1886) I. 32 A small trus of Bever in a box weighing sixteen pounds or better.

1902 S. E. White Conjuror's House iii. 26 He too reported of the trade—so many ‘beaver’ of tobacco, of powder, of lead.

a. A hat made of beaver's fur, or some imitation of it; formerly worn by both sexes, but chiefly by men.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hat > made of specific material > beaver

beaver hatc1386

beaver1528

1528 Roy Satire To exalte the thre folde crowne Of anti-christ hys bever.

1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. C3^v A youngster gent, With bever cock't.

1661 S. Pepys Diary 27 June (1970) II. 127 Mr. Holden sent me a bever, which costs me 4l-5s-0d.

1766 C. Anstey New Bath Guide xi. iii. 75 To preside at her Balls in a cream-colour'd Beaver.

1810 G. Crabbe Borough iv. 49 The simple Friend..in Drab and Beaver.

1885 Cornhill Mag. June 649 His crumpled beaver—there might be some difficulty in lighting on a beaver nowaday except in a museum.

b. in beaver (University slang). In a tall hat (and the costume which accompanies it) instead of cap and gown; in non-academical costume.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [adverb] > in specific way

to (also into, unto) one's (also the) shirtc1300

in or of (a) suitc1325

in ragsa1350

in (also on) one's shirtc1380

in suit of or with1389

thinlya1400

in suit with1488

finely?1552

raggedly1552

smoothly1579

garish1590

briskly1592

in one's waistcoat1607

in mourning1621

in cuerpoa1640

in gala1757

airily1768

plain1808

in mufti1816

in, on one's stocking-soles1827

seedily1837

in beaver1840

back to front1869

dowdily1887

dossily1903

head-to-toe1946

sharp1951

sharply1965

understatedly1972

1840 New Monthly Mag. 59 271 He..went out of college in what the members of the United Service call mufti, but members of the University beaver, which means, not in his academics—his cap and gown.

4. A felted cloth, used for overcoats, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > treated or processed in specific way > [noun] > felted or matted

beaver1756

ruffing1830

Janus-beaver1851

beaver cloth1858

1756 Gentleman's Mag. 26 618 Their carpets and bevers..retain the electrical virtue, and prevent its spreading to the floor.

1811 J. Taylor Remarks Present State Devon in T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (new ed.) p. xxv Coatings, beavers..found a market.

5. A particular kind of glove.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for hands > [noun] > glove > types of > other

left1657

beaver1816

manakin1824

nipper1840

right1884

mousquetaire1889

slip-on1949

1816 J. Austen Emma II. vi. 103 Well-tied parcels of ‘Men's Beavers’ and ‘York Tan’.

1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. I. 98 In a black coat..gaiters, and brown beaver gloves.]

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

beaver-canal n.

ΚΠ

1889 Harper's Mag. Jan. 234/2 It is not so easy to determine what is and what is not a beaver canal.

beaver-cutter n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > worker with skins or hides > [noun] > worker with furs > involved in specific process

beaver-cutter1725

Northman1793

fur-puller1886

puller1890

pointer1929

1725 London Gaz. No. 6383/4 Ann Messenger,..Beaver-Cutter.

beaver-fur n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of beaver

beaverc1394

beaver-skin1616

flix1667

mitten beaver1744

beaver-wool1780

plew1800

beaver-fur1855

1855 J. G. Wood Sketches Animal Life 421 The beaver-fur will work its way completely through the felt.

beaver-intellect n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intellect > want of intellect > animal nature of man > [noun] > brutishness

bestialitya1413

brutality1550

bruteness1590

brutalism1803

bestialism1824

brute-mindedness1843

beaver-intellect1850

beaverism1850

brutalization1874

1850 T. Carlyle Latter-day Pamphlets iv. 2 The intellect of the Nineteenth Century..is itself a mechanical or beaver-intellect.

beaver-kind n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Castoridae (beaver) > collectively

beaver1631

beaver-kind1735

1735 W. Somervile Chace iv. 379 This subtle Spoiler of the Beaver kind.

beaver-pond n.

beaver-skin n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of beaver

beaverc1394

beaver-skin1616

flix1667

mitten beaver1744

beaver-wool1780

plew1800

beaver-fur1855

1616 J. Smith Descr. New Eng. 2 Wee got for trifles neer 1100 Beuer skinnes.

1654 E. Johnson Hist. New-Eng. xvii. 38 Having some small Trading with the Indians for Beaver-skins.

1678 New Castle Court 218 Mr. Tom..was debtor..ye sume of seven pound and one bever skin.

1761 Brit. Mag. 7 Jan. 2 52 This day 10,000 beaver skins..were entered from Quebec.

beaver-wool n. (= fur).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of beaver

beaverc1394

beaver-skin1616

flix1667

mitten beaver1744

beaver-wool1780

plew1800

beaver-fur1855

1780 W. Coxe Acct. Russ. Discov. 114 One side set close with beaver-wool like velvet.

beaver-like adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intellect > want of intellect > animal nature of man > [adjective]

beastly?c1225

bestiala1398

brutal?1518

brute1535

brutish1555

animal1581

beaverish1850

beaver-like1873

1873 A. Helps Some Talk about Animals & their Masters iii. 59 Words of wisdom, of beaver-like sagacity.

C2.

beaver-board n. a trademark (U.S.) for a kind of wood-fibre building board.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > wood-based materials > [noun] > chipboard or fibreboard

softboard1856

fibreboard1897

chipboard1898

beaver-board1909

wallboard1925

Masonite1926

Presdwood1927

woodchip board1947

particle board1954

MDF1972

medium density fibreboard1972

1909 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 20 Feb. 35/1 (advt.) Beaver Board..Takes Place of Both Lath and Plaster.

1933 D. L. Sayers Murder must Advertise viii. 145 The thinness of the beaverboard partition between Mr. Hankin's room and Mr. Copley's.

1948 ‘N. Shute’ No Highway i. 7 A shabby little room of glass and beaverboard.

beaver cloth n. (cf. sense 4.)

ΘΚΠ

beaver1756

ruffing1830

Janus-beaver1851

beaver cloth1858

1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Beaver-cloths, a species of felted woollens made in America.

1904 G. F. Goodchild & C. F. Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 46/2 Beaver Cloth, a thick woollen fabric covered with fibre or nap. The best qualities are made in the West of England; medium and lower qualities in the heavy woollen districts of Yorkshire.

1968 J. Ironside Fashion Alphabet 213 Beaver cloth, a heavily-napped overcoating resembling the beaver fur.

beaver-dam n. a dam made by beavers.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > artificially confined water > contrivance for impounding water > dam > dam made by beavers

beaver-dam1638

stint1792

stick dam1868

1638 in Amer. Speech (1940) 14 155/1 Upon the branches of a swamp runing North west up into the woods from the head of the said Vlyes Creeke out of a Bever dam.

1664 Plymouth Rec. 75 A small brooke..called the beaver dam brooke.

1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 626 The Bevers..gnaw down trees, wherewith they make..Bever-damms.

1703 in Cal. Virginia State Papers I. 83 To three white oakes, by the East side of the Tuckahoe Bever Dam.

1849 F. Parkman Oregon Trail 293 The stream was clogged with old beaver-dams.

1878 J. H. Beadle Western Wilds xii. 188 It was the good old time..when beaver dams adorned every stream in the mountains.

1903 S. E. White Forest xvi. 231 He knows the beaver-dams, how many animals each harbors.

1931 W. Cather Shadows on Rock (1932) ii. i. 46 A group of little boys played just below, building ‘beaver-dams’ in the gutter to catch the overflow.

1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 3 Feb. 43/2 (advt.) Large trout stream 15 acres flooded by beaver dam.

beaver-eater n. (see quot. 1771).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Gulo (wolverine)

wolverine1574

gulo1607

glutton1674

quickhatch1683

carcajou1703

kinkajou1760

beaver-eater1771

Indian devil1838

skunk bear1876

1771 T. Pennant Synopsis Quadrupeds 197 Wolverene..in America is called the Beaver-Eater.

1791 J. Long Voy. Indian Interpreter 41 The country everywhere abounds with wild animals, particularly bears..beaver eaters, [etc.].

1804–5 W. Clark in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1987) III. 435/1 Carkajous wolverine or Beaver eaters.

beaver finish n. a finish giving a resemblance to beaver fur; hence, a finish in which the fibres are all laid in one direction.

ΘΚΠ

beaver finish1904

1904 G. F. Goodchild & C. F. Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 46/2 Beaver Finish.

beaver-finished adj.

ΘΚΠ

waulked1490

ungrainedc1503

undressed1535

gummed1598

green1727

greige1835

limp1866

print1883

unweighted1883

sueded1888

satinized1891

crushed1895

beaver-finished1909

Schreinered1929

pre-boarded1940

permanent press1944

perma-pressed1951

perma-press1956

warp-printed1957

stabilized1960

1909 R. Beaumont Finishing Textile Fabrics 11 The lateral surfaces of the fibres mainly resist the friction in the beaver-finished cloth.

beaver lamb n. lambskin cut and dyed to resemble beaver fur; also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of lamb

footfell1347

lambskin?a1366

budge1395

lentrinware1435

buggishank1463

budge-skin1466

lamba1474

budge-fura1529

astrakhan1766

krimmer1834

Persian lamb1853

broadtail1892

karakul1894

breitschwanz1923

beaver lamb1939

shorn lamb1945

Lucca lamb1956

Tuscan lamb1956

kalgan1960

Swakara1966

1939 Fur Times 12 May 2/3 Beaver lamb is shown in swaggers and short jackets.

1939 Fur Times 25 Aug. 8/1 Beaver lamb coats..are now offered at eleven-and-a-half guineas.

1953 Economist 9 May 346/2 Thanks to the postwar prices of woollen (cloth) coats, ‘beaver lamb’ coats have provided the English fur manufacturers with a mass market.

1960 ‘A. Burgess’ Right to Answer ix Alice in her beaver lamb.

beaver meadow n. the rich, fertile tract of land left dry above a demolished beaver dam.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [noun] > reclaimed or improved land

carrc1330

improvement1473

polder1602

dam1629

innam1662

inningsa1669

beaver meadow1784

slobland1843

polderland1849

bush burn1861

1784 M. Cutler Jrnl. 23 July in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) I. 100 A swamp, or beaver meadow, in which Ellis river takes its rise.

1836 C. P. Traill Backwoods of Canada 144 All these are found on the plains and beaver-meadows.

1836 C. P. Traill Backwoods of Canada 239.

1863 E. H. Walshe Cedar Creek xii. 92 Why is that green flat called a beaver meadow?.. Well, they say that long ago beavers dammed up the current in such places as this [etc.].

1876 Fur, Fin & Feather Sept. 141 While walking through an old beaver meadow..he saw..that some large body was approaching him.

beaver-poison n. U.S. the water-hemlock, Cicuta sp.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > [noun] > water hemlock

cicutaa1398

water hemlock1764

cow-bane1776

musquash root1807

beaver-poison1857

1857 A. Gray First Lessons Bot. 157 Spotted cowbane. Musquash-root. Beaver-poison... The root is a deadly poison.

beaver-rat n. the musquash or muskrat n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > superfamily Myomorpha (mouse, rat, vole, or hamster) > [noun] > family Microtidae > genus Ondatra (musk-rat)

water rat1481

rat1584

mussascus1612

muskrat1615

musquash1616

squash1678

Muscovy rat1693

musk beaver1771

Ondatra1774

rat-tailed shrew1827

mushrat1842

beaver-rat1884

musky1884

1884 Cassell's Family Mag. Apr. 272/2 The ‘beaver-rat’ is another singular animal.

beaver-root n. North American a pond-lily, Nymphæa odorata.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > water-lilies

edockec1000

water rose?a1300

mead-flower?a1350

water beanc1400

water coltsfoot14..

nenuphar?a1425

water lily?a1425

lotec1487

lotusc1487

nymphaea1543

water-can1622

can-dock1661

lotus flower1710

pond lily1748

Indian lotus1797

padma1799

Nuphar1822

beaver-root1832

splatterdock1832

frog-lily1845

brandy-bottle1846

Victoria1846

water nymph1848

lotus lily1857

cow-lily1862

pool lily1902

1832 W. D. Williamson Hist. Maine I. 126 Of the Lily tribe, we have several species..such as the yellow water-lily, or dog-lily, or beaver-root.

1856 W. E. Cormack Narr. Journey Newfoundland (1874) 27 They also subsist on the large roots of the white waterlilly..called by the Indians beaver-root.

beaver-sign n. the tracks of a beaver.

ΚΠ

a1848 G. F. Ruxton Life in Far West (1849) 28 Thar plans is plain to this child as beaver sign.

1890 L. C. D'Oyle Notches Rough Edge Life 66 I had taken good stock of the beaver ‘sign’ and such things.

beaver-stones n. the two small sacs in the groin of the beaver, from which the substance ‘castor’ is obtained.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Castoridae (beaver) > inguinal sac(s)

cod1551

codlings1605

follicle1646

beaver-stones1697

oilstone1799

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 52 Pontus sends her Beaver Stones from far.

beaver-tail n. the tail of a beaver; also transferred.

a1811 J. J. Henry Accurate Acct. Campaign against Quebec (1812) 23 They returned two fresh beaver tails, which when boiled, renewed ideas.

1909 J. R. Ware Passing Eng. Victorian Era 23/2 Beaver-tail (Mid.-class, 1860). A feminine mode of wearing the back-hair, turned up loose in a fine thread net..which fell well on to the shoulders... Obviously from the shape of the netted hair [compared] to a beaver's flat and comparatively shapeless tail.

1937 Discovery Sept. 259/2 The last coach [of the L.N.E.R. ‘Coronation’ streamlined train] now has a streamlined ‘beaver’ tail, and is an observation car.

1960 Aeroplane 98 521/2 Major assembly has begun on the first AW 660 for the R.A.F. This version has a 100,000-lb. gross weight, ‘beaver-tail’ rear doors, and no nose doors.

beaver-tree n. Magnolia virginiana, the sweet or white bay of the U.S.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > cultivated or ornamental trees and shrubs > [noun] > magnolias

sweet bay1716

umbrella-tree1739

swamp laurel1743

magnolia1748

tulip-tree1751

beaver-tree1756

tulip-laurel1766

champakc1770

cucumber-tree1784

mountain magnolia1785

swamp sassafras1796

laurel magnolia1806

beaver-wood1810

big laurel1810

yulan1822

chatta1834

cucumber1835

port wine magnolia1943

magnolioid1988

1756 P. Kalm Resa til Norra Amer. II. 324 Magnolia,..Beawer-Tree.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. at Magnolia Magnolia glauca..is also known by the name of Beaver-tree, because the root is eaten by beavers.

1901 C. T. Mohr Plant Life Alabama 505 White Bay. Sweet Bay. Beaver Tree... The bark is used medicinally.

beaver-wood n. (a) the hackberry tree of the U.S., Celtis occidentalis; (b) the beaver-tree; the wood of this tree.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > African

shittima1382

citrus1555

cam-wood1699

jacaranda1753

kokerboom1774

quiver tree1789

geelhout1790

rooihout1790

yellowwood1790

mat-wood1792

assegai1793

assegai tree1793

hardpear1801

rooi els1801

argan1809

beaver-wood1810

mat tree1812

saffraan1819

salie1819

sneezewood1834

African teak1842

hyawaballi1851

sage-wood1854

mvule1858

til1858

yari-yari1858

cannibal stinkwood1859

kiaat1862

knobwood1862

milkwood1862

tryssil1862

sulphur-tree1863

khaya1864

cailcedra1866

flat-crown1868

umzimbeet1870

kuka1882

odum1887

iroko1890

opepe1891

Natal mahogany1904

muhimbi1906

obeche1906

agba1908

makoré1915

afara1920

agboin1920

abura1921

podo1922

afrormosia1923

guarea1936

Mansonia1936

dahoma1955

utile1956

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > cultivated or ornamental trees and shrubs > [noun] > magnolias

sweet bay1716

umbrella-tree1739

swamp laurel1743

magnolia1748

tulip-tree1751

beaver-tree1756

tulip-laurel1766

champakc1770

cucumber-tree1784

mountain magnolia1785

swamp sassafras1796

laurel magnolia1806

beaver-wood1810

big laurel1810

yulan1822

chatta1834

cucumber1835

port wine magnolia1943

magnolioid1988

1810 F. A. Michaux Histoire des Arbres Forestiers de l'Amérique Septentrionale I. 33 Small magnolia..ou Beaver wood.

1813 H. Muhlenberg Catal. Plantarum Americæ Septentrionalis 95 Beaver wood [or] hoop ash.

1832 D. J. Browne Sylva Americana 209 In Philadelphia and New York and in their vicinity, this tree is called Magnolia, which denomination has entirely superseded those of Swamp Sassafras and Beaver Wood.

?1841 W. Rhind Hist. Veg. Kingdom 452/1 The Small Magnolia... From its [wood] obtaining the name of ‘beaver-wood’, it is probable these animals at one time were inhabitants of the localities where it grows.

1880 Encycl. Brit. XI. 360/1 [The hackberry tree] is also known under the name of ‘beaver-wood’, and ‘nettle tree’.

beaver-works n. (see quot.)

ΚΠ

1889 Harper's Mag. Jan. 230/1 ‘Beaver-works’, as the trappers call the range of land and water occupied by a colony of beavers.

Draft additions 1993

With capital initial. [translating Chipewyan Tsa-ttiné, dwellers among beavers.] (a) (A member of) an Athabaskan people of northern Alberta. Also attributive or as adj. (b) The Athabaskan language spoken by this people.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of British Columbia, Alberta, and Alaska > [noun]

Slave1789

beaver1801

Carrier1801

Musqueam1808

Nootkian1811

Okanagan1814

Takulli1820

Dogrib1823

Nanaimo1827

Loucheux1828

Bella Coola1834

Nootkan1835

Chilkat1836

Nootka1846

Squamish1846

Siwash1847

Kwakiutl1848

Nitinaht1848

Sitkan1848

Sitka1853

Makah1855

Stick Indian1857

Songhees1860

Stoney1861

Mattole1864

Tlingit1865

Nisga'a1874

Hoochinoo1878

Nimpkish1885

Tsimshian1888

Gitksan1889

Nuxalk1910

Snohomish1910

Nuu-chah-nulth1983

Ditidaht1988

'Namgis1994

the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of British Columbia, Alberta, and Alaska > [adjective]

Dogrib1766

Nootka1784

Nootkan1790

Dog-ribbed1791

beaver1801

Okanagan1814

Carrier1820

Sitka1822

Nanaimo1827

Loucheux1828

Nass1830

Tsimshian1836

Sitkan1851

Makah1855

Snohomish1856

Wakash1856

Songhees1860

Stoney1861

Nisga'a1874

Tlingit1881

Nimpkish1886

Wakashan1892

Musqueam1902

Gitksan1917

Squamish1928

'Namgis1966

Nuu-chah-nulth1978

Nuxalk1981

the mind > language > languages of the world > North American > [noun] > Na-Dene > Athabaskan > Athabaskan languages

Carrier1873

Dogrib1887

beaver1916

Sarcee1919

Mattole1930

Hupa1936

Mescalero1936

1801 A. Mackenzie Voy. from Montreal ii. 17 The Slave and Beaver Indians..would not be here till the time that the swans cast their feathers.

1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 827/2 Beavers, Dog-ribs, Strongbows, [etc.].

1916 P. E. Goddard Beaver Indians (Anthropol. Papers Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. X. Pt. 6) 208 They often met Beaver from Vermilion and Fort St. John.

1946 J. J. Honigmann Ethnogr. & Acculturation Fort Nelson Slave (Yale Univ. Publ. Anthropol. No. 33) 133 The Cree interpreter..who is part Beaver, was positive that the Beaver had a prophet in his grandfather's time.

1975 J. V. Wright Prehist. Lake Athabasca iii. 143 The western portion of the lake was occupied by another group: possibly Athabascan-speaking Beavers.

1862 R. G. Latham Elements Compar. Philol. lv. 391 The Beaver Indian is transitional to the Slave and the Chepewyan proper.] 1916 P. E. Goddard Beaver Indians (Anthropol. Papers Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. X. Pt. 6) 209 As far as phonetics are concerned the Sarsi language is more nearly akin to Beaver than to any other east of the Rocky Mountains.1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. 72 The Athabascan family covers all but the coastal fringe of northwestern Canada (Chipewyan, Beaver, Dogrib, Sarsi, etc.).1946 J. J. Honigmann Ethnogr. & Acculturation Fort Nelson Slave (Yale Univ. Publ. Anthropol. No. 33) 130 The Cree, in interpersonal relations with the Slave, must speak either an Athapaskan dialect (generally Beaver or Slave or a mixture of both) or must speak English.1977 T. A. Sebeok Native Lang. Americas II. 316 The term Mountain..has been applied also to groups speaking Beaver, Chipewyan, Kaska, Sarsi, Slave, Tsetsaut and Yellowknife.

Draft additions 1997

Canadian History. Plural often unchanged. = made beaver n. at made adj. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > other mediums of exchange > [noun] > token used in place of coin > issued by trader or company > equivalent to the value of prepared beaver skin

made beaver1723

beaver1765

1708 in Beaver (1957) Winter 14/1 10 [for] good skins; that is, Winter Beaver; 12 [for] skins of the biggest sort, 10 for the mean, and 8 for the smallest.]

1765 in A. Henry Trav. & Adventures Canada (1809) ii. i. 192 It is in Beaver that accounts are kept at Michilimackinac.

1851 J. Richardson Arctic Searching Exped. i. xii. 391 To be accounted a chief among the Kutchin, a man must possess beads to the amount of 200 beavers.

1913 F. Williams Wilderness Trail xviii. 190 When the value [of the furs] is determined, the trader pushes over the counter as many ‘beaver’ (lead pellets), as the furs are worth.

1941 Beaver Sept. 14/2 The North-West Company, about 1820, issued beaver tokens, a form of coinage only a few pieces of which..have been saved.

Draft additions September 2013

beaver hunter n.

ΚΠ

1687 T. Dongan in E. B. O'Callaghan Documentary Hist. State N.Y. (1849) I. vii. 258 The French King..has built a Fort..where all our Traders & Beaver Hunters must pass.

1742 tr. Acta Germanica I. 313 A beaver-hunter inform'd me, that in the many beavers he had taken, he had never found any thing filthy in their stomachs.

1847 G. F. Ruxton Adventures Mexico & Rocky Mts. (1848) 234 The beaver-hunter has set his traps in every creek and stream.

1996 Newsday (Electronic ed.) 12 Sept. The cast includes Joe Meek, mountain man and beaver hunter.

2012 Time Out (Nexis) 23 Feb. 51 Slessor's West is a land of explorers, railroad builders, beaver hunters and frontier families.

Draft additions September 2013

beaver hunting n.

ΚΠ

1701 Deed in J. W. Lydekker Faithful Mohawks (1938) App. 191 Came and settled there twenty years agoe disturbed our beaver hunting against which nation wee have warred ever since.

1841 J. Johnson tr. A. Van der Donck Descr. New-Netherlands in N.Y. Hist. Soc. Coll. 2nd Ser. I. 209 For beaver hunting the Indians go in large parties, and remain out from one to two months.

1969 Daily Chron. (Centralia, Washington) 13 Feb. 2/1 House Bill 164 had been introduced that would have prohibited all beaver hunting in the entire state.

2011 Yukon News (Nexis) 18 Mar. 68 The people went beaver hunting and returned a month later to find that the government had towed all their cabins across the still frozen Ross River.

Draft additions September 2013

beaver house n. North American a beaver's lodge.

ΚΠ

1748 H. Ellis Voy. Hudson's-Bay ii. 160 The Situation of these Beaver-Houses is always by the Side of a Lake or Pool.

1856 C. Lanman Adventures Wilds U.S. II. 124 They..live in dens, built of mud and weeds, after the manner of the beaver-houses.

1959 E. Collier Three against Wilderness xxi. 210 A raft of newly hatched geese had been perched on the beaver house.

2012 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 1 Dec. k2 He advised being wary of beaver houses and their respective feed beds as it's easy for the ice to crack in these areas.

Draft additions September 2019

beavertail n. Canadian †(a) (also in form beaver's tail) a loaf of bread with a flattened shape resembling that of a beaver's tail (obsolete); (b) a sweet pastry consisting of a flat piece of fried dough dusted with sugar and cinnamon, or served with other sweet toppings.BeaverTails is a proprietary name in sense (b).

1892 E. R. Young Stories Indian Wigwams & Northern Camp-fires ii. 29 He flattened it [sc. the dough] out into the shape of, and what is really called, a ‘beaver's tail’... Soon the ‘beavers' tails’ were ready for the hungry men.

1898 F. Russell Explor. Far North 39 If the traveler has no frying pan the bread is baked in a ‘beaver tail’. Such a loaf is long and narrow and is exposed to the fire upon a stick.

1983 N.Y. Times 4 Sept. x. 10/1 There is the old market [in Ottawa] where you can buy beavertails, the flat triangles of fried dough sprinkled with cinnamon and sugar.

2014 @MichaelSona 8 Jan. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Homemade beavertails w maple syrup icing, cinnamon & lemon turned out awesome!

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	beaver
释义	beavern.¹ Brit. /ˈbiːvə/, U.S. /ˈbivər/ Forms: Old English beofor, befor, ( byfor, befer), Middle English–1600s beuer, Middle English–1700s bever, Middle English bevere, bevyr, 1500s beauer, 1600s beavor, beuer, 1500s– beaver. Etymology: One of the animal names common to the Aryan family: Old English beofor, earlier befor (= bevor), identical with Low German and Dutch bever, Old High German bibar, modern German biber < Germanic bebru-z; cognate with Lithuanian bebras, Czech bobr, Old Church Slavonic bebru-, Latin fiber, ‘beaver’; also with Sanskrit babhrús* ‘brown,’ and as noun, ‘great ichneumon’ < Old Aryan bhebhrú-s, reduplicated derivative of bhru-* brown, with sense of ‘brown’ or ‘red-brown,’ and ‘brown water-animal.’ 1. a. An amphibious rodent, distinguished by its broad, oval, horizontally-flattened, scaly tail, palmated hind feet, coat of soft fur, and hard incisor teeth with which it cuts down trees; remarkable for its skill in constructing huts of mud and wood for its habitation, and dams for preserving its supply of water. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Castoridae (beaver) beaverc1000 brocka1387 castora1549 badger1591 terrier1734 bank beaver1903 c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Zup.) 27 Fiber, befor, beofor. c1200 Moral Ode 362 in Lamb. Hom. 181 Ne scal þer beo fou ne grei..ne beuer ne sabeline. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 205 Beverlay..the place or lake of bevers. a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 153 To peson or frumenty take þe tayle of þe bevere. 1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 1124 Monstrous beasts..Bred of two kindes, as Griffons, Minotaures..Beavers, and Centaures. 1638 A. Cowley Loves Riddle i. sig. B2^v His lips..Softer then Bevers skins. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. vi. 56 One beaver should..exchange for or be worth two deer. View more context for this quotation 1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha iii. 44 How the beavers built their lodges. b. bank beaver n. a beaver living in a burrow apart from the colony. North American. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Castoridae (beaver) beaverc1000 brocka1387 castora1549 badger1591 terrier1734 bank beaver1903 1903 Outing Mar. 669/1 You find the bank beaver mostly on lakes, or large rivers, which they are unable to dam. 1903 Windsor Mag. Sept. 405/1 Some people who write stories for the papers say that what are called bank beavers are lazy old males that have been forced out of the house by the rest of the family. 1953 Canad. Geogr. Jrnl. Sept. 88/2 All along the river we came upon bank beaver. c. collective. Beavers. Chiefly U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Castoridae (beaver) > collectively beaver1631 beaver-kind1735 1631 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1825) (modernized text) I. 52 A sagamore..offered to give them yearly eighty skins of beaver. 1770 G. Washington Diary (1925) I. 441 Then Bever catch it in there way up. 1778 J. King Jrnl. Sept. in Cook Jrnls. (1967) III. ii. 1439 Their jackets were principally of Deer Skins, edg'd with the Skin of other Animals, as Wolves, foxes, beaver &c. 1789 J. Morse Amer. Geogr. 198 In this country are..beaver, otters, sables. 1840 C. F. Hoffman Greyslaer I. v. 60 I had gone clean up to Racket Lake..hoping to get a few beaver. 1878 J. H. Beadle Western Wilds xii. 188 Then Clear Creek, Colorado, was lively with beaver. 1890 L. C. D'Oyle Notches Rough Edge Life 66 I knew that beaver were plentiful. d. to work like a beaver: to work hard. Originally U.S. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > [verb (intransitive)] > work hard or toil workeOE swingc1000 to the boneOE labourc1390 toilc1400 drevyll?1518 drudge1548 droy1576 droil1591 to tug at the (an) oar1612 to stand to it1632 rudge1676 slave1707 to work like a beaver1741 to hold (also keep, bring, put) one's nose to the grindstone1828 to feague it away1829 to work like a nigger1836 delve1838 slave1852 leather1863 to sweat one's guts out1890 hunker1903 to sweat (also work) one's guts out1932 to eat (also work) like a horse1937 beaver1946 to work like a drover's dog1952 to get one's nose down (to)1962 1741 in H. M. Brooks Days of Spinning-Wheel (1886) II. 31 To be sold.., the very best negro woman in this town, who..will work like a beaver. 1835 Col. Crockett's Tour 73 Ingham worked honestly, like a beaver. 1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 225 Mr. Baldwin..has worked like a beaver since he assumed the management of the mine. 1915 Literary Digest 21 Aug. 347/2 Every one knows what ‘working like a beaver’ means. e. Beaver, a member of the youngest section of the Scout movement, consisting of groups (Colonies) for six- (Canadian five-) to seven-year old boys affiliated to the Scout Association and sponsored by local Scout Groups; also attributive as Beaver Colony. Originally Canadian. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > specific societies or organizations > [noun] > specific youth organizations > members of scouts or guides Boy Scout1908 patrol leader1908 scout1908 scoutmaster1908 tenderfoot1908 captain1909 Girl Guide1909 Girl Scout1909 lieutenant1909 pathfinder1911 sea scout1911 rosebud1914 brownie1916 sixer1916 tenderpad1916 Brown Owl1918 rover1918 Rover Scout1918 ranger1920 tawny owl1921 Cub1922 Akela1924 scouter1930 Guider1931 den mother1936 Queen's Guide1946 Queen's Scout1952 Venture Scout1966 Beaver1975 skipper1986 1975 Canad. Leader Mag. Jan. 8/1 On September 23, 1971..the first Beaver colony was started in St. Cuthbert's Anglican Church, Winnipeg... Fifteen thousand Beavers later, on November 15, 1974, Beavers–Canada was adopted as a regular section program of Boy Scouts of Canada. 1977 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 23 July (Suppl.) 7/3 There are now 35,000 Beavers in Canada and the membership crisis is over. 1978 Tower Times (Kingston, Ont.) 22 Mar. 5/1 The Beaver Colony know already that they will need at least five new leaders. 1983 J. Deft Beaver Leader's Handbk. 7 In 1982 The Scout Association gave general approval for the formation of Beaver Colonies within existing Scout Groups... The purpose of a Beaver Colony is thus to provide enjoyable and worthwhile activities for boys of six- and seven-years-old. 1983 J. Deft Beaver Leader's Handbk. 7 Beavers are not Members of The Scout Association. 1983 J. Deft Beaver Leader's Handbk. 8 Beaver Leaders..are full Members of the Scout Group which sponsors the Colony. 1985 Oxf. Times 11 Jan. 4/5 Beaver leader Mrs Val Wells..launched the 12-strong colony in July last year. 1985 Oxf. Times 11 Jan. 4/6 The beaver colony is an organization for boys before they join cubs. 2. a. The fur of the beaver. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of beaver beaverc1394 beaver-skin1616 flix1667 mitten beaver1744 beaver-wool1780 plew1800 beaver-fur1855 c1394 P. Pl. Crede 295 A cote haþ he furred, Wiþ foyns..oþer fyn beuer. 1532–3 Act 24 Hen. VIII xiii Any maner of furre, other then..otter and beuer. 1613 G. Wither Epithal. in Juvenilia (1633) 363 A hat of Bever. 1739 Gray in Mason Life (ed. 2) 62 With muffs, hoods, and masks of bever. 1837 F. Marryat Snarleyyow (ed. 2) I. x. 125 He pulled off some beaver from his hat to staunch the blood. figurative.1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. iii. 111 Greene Carpets thrum'd with mossie Beuer, Frendging the round skirts of his winding Riuer. b. attributive, esp. in beaver hat, beaver bonnet: see 3b below. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hat > made of specific material > beaver beaver hatc1386 beaver1528 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > woman's bonnet > types of > made from specific material chip bonnet1763 beaver bonnet1843 c1386 G. Chaucer Prol. 272 On his hed a Flaundrish bever hat. 1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses (new ed.) i. sig. Dviii (note) Bever hattes of xx. xxx. or xl. shillinges price. 1740 J. Swift Will (1746) 20 The second best Beaver Hat I shall die possessed of. 1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) v. 53 Farmers' wives in beaver bonnets and red cloaks. 1862 G. Borrow Wild Wales I. i. 7 He made his appearance very respectably dressed, in a beaver hat, blue surtout [etc.]. 1928 D. Byrne Destiny Bay iii. 236 There comes an old fellow in a beaver hat. c. A shade of brown resembling that of the fur of a beaver; more explicitly beaver-brown; also beaver-coloured, beaver-hued adjs. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [adjective] > reddish brown > beaver beaveren?a1400 beaver-huedc1400 beaver-coloured1895 the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > reddish brown > beaver beaver1888 castor1904 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 845 Brode, bryȝt watȝ his berde, & al beuer-hwed. 1888 Cassell's Family Mag. Apr. 313/1 Many new colourings..Beaver is such a becoming tone. 1895 Cassell's Family Mag. Feb. 234/1 A picture hat..of beaver brown velvet. 1895 Windsor Mag. 1 340/2 The cloak is in beaver-coloured velvet. 1914 Scotsman 26 Oct. 12/2 The shades are Steel, Oxford and Parson Grey, Mole, Beaver, Fawn. d. Beaver-pelts as an article of exchange or trade, or as a standard of value. U.S. ΚΠ 1630 Rec. Mass. Bay I. 76 It was ordered that those..who bought certayne cattle shall pay 9 l. of beaver. a1649 J. Winthrop New Eng. (1853) I. 165 They have a great trade of beaver,—about nine or ten thousand skins in a year. 1658 in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1860) II. 46/2 Beaver is exceedingly low at this time. 1686 S. Sewall Letter-Bk. (1886) I. 32 A small trus of Bever in a box weighing sixteen pounds or better. 1902 S. E. White Conjuror's House iii. 26 He too reported of the trade—so many ‘beaver’ of tobacco, of powder, of lead. 3. a. A hat made of beaver's fur, or some imitation of it; formerly worn by both sexes, but chiefly by men. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hat > made of specific material > beaver beaver hatc1386 beaver1528 1528 Roy Satire To exalte the thre folde crowne Of anti-christ hys bever. 1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. C3^v A youngster gent, With bever cock't. 1661 S. Pepys Diary 27 June (1970) II. 127 Mr. Holden sent me a bever, which costs me 4l-5s-0d. 1766 C. Anstey New Bath Guide xi. iii. 75 To preside at her Balls in a cream-colour'd Beaver. 1810 G. Crabbe Borough iv. 49 The simple Friend..in Drab and Beaver. 1885 Cornhill Mag. June 649 His crumpled beaver—there might be some difficulty in lighting on a beaver nowaday except in a museum. b. in beaver (University slang). In a tall hat (and the costume which accompanies it) instead of cap and gown; in non-academical costume. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [adverb] > in specific way to (also into, unto) one's (also the) shirtc1300 in or of (a) suitc1325 in ragsa1350 in (also on) one's shirtc1380 in suit of or with1389 thinlya1400 in suit with1488 finely?1552 raggedly1552 smoothly1579 garish1590 briskly1592 in one's waistcoat1607 in mourning1621 in cuerpoa1640 in gala1757 airily1768 plain1808 in mufti1816 in, on one's stocking-soles1827 seedily1837 in beaver1840 back to front1869 dowdily1887 dossily1903 head-to-toe1946 sharp1951 sharply1965 understatedly1972 1840 New Monthly Mag. 59 271 He..went out of college in what the members of the United Service call mufti, but members of the University beaver, which means, not in his academics—his cap and gown. 4. A felted cloth, used for overcoats, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > treated or processed in specific way > [noun] > felted or matted beaver1756 ruffing1830 Janus-beaver1851 beaver cloth1858 1756 Gentleman's Mag. 26 618 Their carpets and bevers..retain the electrical virtue, and prevent its spreading to the floor. 1811 J. Taylor Remarks Present State Devon in T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (new ed.) p. xxv Coatings, beavers..found a market. 5. A particular kind of glove. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for hands > [noun] > glove > types of > other left1657 beaver1816 manakin1824 nipper1840 right1884 mousquetaire1889 slip-on1949 1816 J. Austen Emma II. vi. 103 Well-tied parcels of ‘Men's Beavers’ and ‘York Tan’. View more context for this quotation 1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. I. 98 In a black coat..gaiters, and brown beaver gloves.] Compounds C1. General attributive. a. beaver-canal n. ΚΠ 1889 Harper's Mag. Jan. 234/2 It is not so easy to determine what is and what is not a beaver canal. beaver-cutter n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > worker with skins or hides > [noun] > worker with furs > involved in specific process beaver-cutter1725 Northman1793 fur-puller1886 puller1890 pointer1929 1725 London Gaz. No. 6383/4 Ann Messenger,..Beaver-Cutter. beaver-fur n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of beaver beaverc1394 beaver-skin1616 flix1667 mitten beaver1744 beaver-wool1780 plew1800 beaver-fur1855 1855 J. G. Wood Sketches Animal Life 421 The beaver-fur will work its way completely through the felt. beaver-intellect n. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intellect > want of intellect > animal nature of man > [noun] > brutishness bestialitya1413 brutality1550 bruteness1590 brutalism1803 bestialism1824 brute-mindedness1843 beaver-intellect1850 beaverism1850 brutalization1874 1850 T. Carlyle Latter-day Pamphlets iv. 2 The intellect of the Nineteenth Century..is itself a mechanical or beaver-intellect. beaver-kind n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Castoridae (beaver) > collectively beaver1631 beaver-kind1735 1735 W. Somervile Chace iv. 379 This subtle Spoiler of the Beaver kind. beaver-pond n. beaver-skin n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of beaver beaverc1394 beaver-skin1616 flix1667 mitten beaver1744 beaver-wool1780 plew1800 beaver-fur1855 1616 J. Smith Descr. New Eng. 2 Wee got for trifles neer 1100 Beuer skinnes. 1654 E. Johnson Hist. New-Eng. xvii. 38 Having some small Trading with the Indians for Beaver-skins. 1678 New Castle Court 218 Mr. Tom..was debtor..ye sume of seven pound and one bever skin. 1761 Brit. Mag. 7 Jan. 2 52 This day 10,000 beaver skins..were entered from Quebec. beaver-wool n. (= fur). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of beaver beaverc1394 beaver-skin1616 flix1667 mitten beaver1744 beaver-wool1780 plew1800 beaver-fur1855 1780 W. Coxe Acct. Russ. Discov. 114 One side set close with beaver-wool like velvet. b. beaver-like adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intellect > want of intellect > animal nature of man > [adjective] beastly?c1225 bestiala1398 brutal?1518 brute1535 brutish1555 animal1581 beaverish1850 beaver-like1873 1873 A. Helps Some Talk about Animals & their Masters iii. 59 Words of wisdom, of beaver-like sagacity. C2. beaver-board n. a trademark (U.S.) for a kind of wood-fibre building board. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > wood-based materials > [noun] > chipboard or fibreboard softboard1856 fibreboard1897 chipboard1898 beaver-board1909 wallboard1925 Masonite1926 Presdwood1927 woodchip board1947 particle board1954 MDF1972 medium density fibreboard1972 1909 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 20 Feb. 35/1 (advt.) Beaver Board..Takes Place of Both Lath and Plaster. 1933 D. L. Sayers Murder must Advertise viii. 145 The thinness of the beaverboard partition between Mr. Hankin's room and Mr. Copley's. 1948 ‘N. Shute’ No Highway i. 7 A shabby little room of glass and beaverboard. beaver cloth n. (cf. sense 4.) ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > treated or processed in specific way > [noun] > felted or matted beaver1756 ruffing1830 Janus-beaver1851 beaver cloth1858 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Beaver-cloths, a species of felted woollens made in America. 1904 G. F. Goodchild & C. F. Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 46/2 Beaver Cloth, a thick woollen fabric covered with fibre or nap. The best qualities are made in the West of England; medium and lower qualities in the heavy woollen districts of Yorkshire. 1968 J. Ironside Fashion Alphabet 213 Beaver cloth, a heavily-napped overcoating resembling the beaver fur. beaver-dam n. a dam made by beavers. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > artificially confined water > contrivance for impounding water > dam > dam made by beavers beaver-dam1638 stint1792 stick dam1868 1638 in Amer. Speech (1940) 14 155/1 Upon the branches of a swamp runing North west up into the woods from the head of the said Vlyes Creeke out of a Bever dam. 1664 Plymouth Rec. 75 A small brooke..called the beaver dam brooke. 1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 626 The Bevers..gnaw down trees, wherewith they make..Bever-damms. 1703 in Cal. Virginia State Papers I. 83 To three white oakes, by the East side of the Tuckahoe Bever Dam. 1849 F. Parkman Oregon Trail 293 The stream was clogged with old beaver-dams. 1878 J. H. Beadle Western Wilds xii. 188 It was the good old time..when beaver dams adorned every stream in the mountains. 1903 S. E. White Forest xvi. 231 He knows the beaver-dams, how many animals each harbors. 1931 W. Cather Shadows on Rock (1932) ii. i. 46 A group of little boys played just below, building ‘beaver-dams’ in the gutter to catch the overflow. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 3 Feb. 43/2 (advt.) Large trout stream 15 acres flooded by beaver dam. beaver-eater n. (see quot. 1771). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Gulo (wolverine) wolverine1574 gulo1607 glutton1674 quickhatch1683 carcajou1703 kinkajou1760 beaver-eater1771 Indian devil1838 skunk bear1876 1771 T. Pennant Synopsis Quadrupeds 197 Wolverene..in America is called the Beaver-Eater. 1791 J. Long Voy. Indian Interpreter 41 The country everywhere abounds with wild animals, particularly bears..beaver eaters, [etc.]. 1804–5 W. Clark in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1987) III. 435/1 Carkajous wolverine or Beaver eaters. beaver finish n. a finish giving a resemblance to beaver fur; hence, a finish in which the fibres are all laid in one direction. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > treated or processed in specific way > [noun] > specific finish beaver finish1904 1904 G. F. Goodchild & C. F. Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 46/2 Beaver Finish. beaver-finished adj. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > treated or processed in specific way > [adjective] > other waulked1490 ungrainedc1503 undressed1535 gummed1598 green1727 greige1835 limp1866 print1883 unweighted1883 sueded1888 satinized1891 crushed1895 beaver-finished1909 Schreinered1929 pre-boarded1940 permanent press1944 perma-pressed1951 perma-press1956 warp-printed1957 stabilized1960 1909 R. Beaumont Finishing Textile Fabrics 11 The lateral surfaces of the fibres mainly resist the friction in the beaver-finished cloth. beaver lamb n. lambskin cut and dyed to resemble beaver fur; also attributive. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of lamb footfell1347 lambskin?a1366 budge1395 lentrinware1435 buggishank1463 budge-skin1466 lamba1474 budge-fura1529 astrakhan1766 krimmer1834 Persian lamb1853 broadtail1892 karakul1894 breitschwanz1923 beaver lamb1939 shorn lamb1945 Lucca lamb1956 Tuscan lamb1956 kalgan1960 Swakara1966 1939 Fur Times 12 May 2/3 Beaver lamb is shown in swaggers and short jackets. 1939 Fur Times 25 Aug. 8/1 Beaver lamb coats..are now offered at eleven-and-a-half guineas. 1953 Economist 9 May 346/2 Thanks to the postwar prices of woollen (cloth) coats, ‘beaver lamb’ coats have provided the English fur manufacturers with a mass market. 1960 ‘A. Burgess’ Right to Answer ix Alice in her beaver lamb. beaver meadow n. the rich, fertile tract of land left dry above a demolished beaver dam. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [noun] > reclaimed or improved land carrc1330 improvement1473 polder1602 dam1629 innam1662 inningsa1669 beaver meadow1784 slobland1843 polderland1849 bush burn1861 1784 M. Cutler Jrnl. 23 July in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) I. 100 A swamp, or beaver meadow, in which Ellis river takes its rise. 1836 C. P. Traill Backwoods of Canada 144 All these are found on the plains and beaver-meadows. 1836 C. P. Traill Backwoods of Canada 239. 1863 E. H. Walshe Cedar Creek xii. 92 Why is that green flat called a beaver meadow?.. Well, they say that long ago beavers dammed up the current in such places as this [etc.]. 1876 Fur, Fin & Feather Sept. 141 While walking through an old beaver meadow..he saw..that some large body was approaching him. beaver-poison n. U.S. the water-hemlock, Cicuta sp. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > [noun] > water hemlock cicutaa1398 water hemlock1764 cow-bane1776 musquash root1807 beaver-poison1857 1857 A. Gray First Lessons Bot. 157 Spotted cowbane. Musquash-root. Beaver-poison... The root is a deadly poison. beaver-rat n. the musquash or muskrat n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > superfamily Myomorpha (mouse, rat, vole, or hamster) > [noun] > family Microtidae > genus Ondatra (musk-rat) water rat1481 rat1584 mussascus1612 muskrat1615 musquash1616 squash1678 Muscovy rat1693 musk beaver1771 Ondatra1774 rat-tailed shrew1827 mushrat1842 beaver-rat1884 musky1884 1884 Cassell's Family Mag. Apr. 272/2 The ‘beaver-rat’ is another singular animal. beaver-root n. North American a pond-lily, Nymphæa odorata. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > water-lilies edockec1000 water rose?a1300 mead-flower?a1350 water beanc1400 water coltsfoot14.. nenuphar?a1425 water lily?a1425 lotec1487 lotusc1487 nymphaea1543 water-can1622 can-dock1661 lotus flower1710 pond lily1748 Indian lotus1797 padma1799 Nuphar1822 beaver-root1832 splatterdock1832 frog-lily1845 brandy-bottle1846 Victoria1846 water nymph1848 lotus lily1857 cow-lily1862 pool lily1902 1832 W. D. Williamson Hist. Maine I. 126 Of the Lily tribe, we have several species..such as the yellow water-lily, or dog-lily, or beaver-root. 1856 W. E. Cormack Narr. Journey Newfoundland (1874) 27 They also subsist on the large roots of the white waterlilly..called by the Indians beaver-root. beaver-sign n. the tracks of a beaver. ΚΠ a1848 G. F. Ruxton Life in Far West (1849) 28 Thar plans is plain to this child as beaver sign. 1890 L. C. D'Oyle Notches Rough Edge Life 66 I had taken good stock of the beaver ‘sign’ and such things. beaver-stones n. the two small sacs in the groin of the beaver, from which the substance ‘castor’ is obtained. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Castoridae (beaver) > inguinal sac(s) cod1551 codlings1605 follicle1646 beaver-stones1697 oilstone1799 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 52 Pontus sends her Beaver Stones from far. View more context for this quotation beaver-tail n. the tail of a beaver; also transferred. Π a1811 J. J. Henry Accurate Acct. Campaign against Quebec (1812) 23 They returned two fresh beaver tails, which when boiled, renewed ideas. 1909 J. R. Ware Passing Eng. Victorian Era 23/2 Beaver-tail (Mid.-class, 1860). A feminine mode of wearing the back-hair, turned up loose in a fine thread net..which fell well on to the shoulders... Obviously from the shape of the netted hair [compared] to a beaver's flat and comparatively shapeless tail. 1937 Discovery Sept. 259/2 The last coach [of the L.N.E.R. ‘Coronation’ streamlined train] now has a streamlined ‘beaver’ tail, and is an observation car. 1960 Aeroplane 98 521/2 Major assembly has begun on the first AW 660 for the R.A.F. This version has a 100,000-lb. gross weight, ‘beaver-tail’ rear doors, and no nose doors. beaver-tree n. Magnolia virginiana, the sweet or white bay of the U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > cultivated or ornamental trees and shrubs > [noun] > magnolias sweet bay1716 umbrella-tree1739 swamp laurel1743 magnolia1748 tulip-tree1751 beaver-tree1756 tulip-laurel1766 champakc1770 cucumber-tree1784 mountain magnolia1785 swamp sassafras1796 laurel magnolia1806 beaver-wood1810 big laurel1810 yulan1822 chatta1834 cucumber1835 port wine magnolia1943 magnolioid1988 1756 P. Kalm Resa til Norra Amer. II. 324 Magnolia,..Beawer-Tree. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. at Magnolia Magnolia glauca..is also known by the name of Beaver-tree, because the root is eaten by beavers. 1901 C. T. Mohr Plant Life Alabama 505 White Bay. Sweet Bay. Beaver Tree... The bark is used medicinally. beaver-wood n. (a) the hackberry tree of the U.S., Celtis occidentalis; (b) the beaver-tree; the wood of this tree. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > African shittima1382 citrus1555 cam-wood1699 jacaranda1753 kokerboom1774 quiver tree1789 geelhout1790 rooihout1790 yellowwood1790 mat-wood1792 assegai1793 assegai tree1793 hardpear1801 rooi els1801 argan1809 beaver-wood1810 mat tree1812 saffraan1819 salie1819 sneezewood1834 African teak1842 hyawaballi1851 sage-wood1854 mvule1858 til1858 yari-yari1858 cannibal stinkwood1859 kiaat1862 knobwood1862 milkwood1862 tryssil1862 sulphur-tree1863 khaya1864 cailcedra1866 flat-crown1868 umzimbeet1870 kuka1882 odum1887 iroko1890 opepe1891 Natal mahogany1904 muhimbi1906 obeche1906 agba1908 makoré1915 afara1920 agboin1920 abura1921 podo1922 afrormosia1923 guarea1936 Mansonia1936 dahoma1955 utile1956 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > cultivated or ornamental trees and shrubs > [noun] > magnolias sweet bay1716 umbrella-tree1739 swamp laurel1743 magnolia1748 tulip-tree1751 beaver-tree1756 tulip-laurel1766 champakc1770 cucumber-tree1784 mountain magnolia1785 swamp sassafras1796 laurel magnolia1806 beaver-wood1810 big laurel1810 yulan1822 chatta1834 cucumber1835 port wine magnolia1943 magnolioid1988 1810 F. A. Michaux Histoire des Arbres Forestiers de l'Amérique Septentrionale I. 33 Small magnolia..ou Beaver wood. 1813 H. Muhlenberg Catal. Plantarum Americæ Septentrionalis 95 Beaver wood [or] hoop ash. 1832 D. J. Browne Sylva Americana 209 In Philadelphia and New York and in their vicinity, this tree is called Magnolia, which denomination has entirely superseded those of Swamp Sassafras and Beaver Wood. ?1841 W. Rhind Hist. Veg. Kingdom 452/1 The Small Magnolia... From its [wood] obtaining the name of ‘beaver-wood’, it is probable these animals at one time were inhabitants of the localities where it grows. 1880 Encycl. Brit. XI. 360/1 [The hackberry tree] is also known under the name of ‘beaver-wood’, and ‘nettle tree’. beaver-works n. (see quot.) ΚΠ 1889 Harper's Mag. Jan. 230/1 ‘Beaver-works’, as the trappers call the range of land and water occupied by a colony of beavers. Draft additions 1993 With capital initial. [translating Chipewyan Tsa-ttiné, dwellers among beavers.] (a) (A member of) an Athabaskan people of northern Alberta. Also attributive or as adj. (b) The Athabaskan language spoken by this people. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of British Columbia, Alberta, and Alaska > [noun] Slave1789 beaver1801 Carrier1801 Musqueam1808 Nootkian1811 Okanagan1814 Takulli1820 Dogrib1823 Nanaimo1827 Loucheux1828 Bella Coola1834 Nootkan1835 Chilkat1836 Nootka1846 Squamish1846 Siwash1847 Kwakiutl1848 Nitinaht1848 Sitkan1848 Sitka1853 Makah1855 Stick Indian1857 Songhees1860 Stoney1861 Mattole1864 Tlingit1865 Nisga'a1874 Hoochinoo1878 Nimpkish1885 Tsimshian1888 Gitksan1889 Nuxalk1910 Snohomish1910 Nuu-chah-nulth1983 Ditidaht1988 'Namgis1994 the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of British Columbia, Alberta, and Alaska > [adjective] Dogrib1766 Nootka1784 Nootkan1790 Dog-ribbed1791 beaver1801 Okanagan1814 Carrier1820 Sitka1822 Nanaimo1827 Loucheux1828 Nass1830 Tsimshian1836 Sitkan1851 Makah1855 Snohomish1856 Wakash1856 Songhees1860 Stoney1861 Nisga'a1874 Tlingit1881 Nimpkish1886 Wakashan1892 Musqueam1902 Gitksan1917 Squamish1928 'Namgis1966 Nuu-chah-nulth1978 Nuxalk1981 the mind > language > languages of the world > North American > [noun] > Na-Dene > Athabaskan > Athabaskan languages Carrier1873 Dogrib1887 beaver1916 Sarcee1919 Mattole1930 Hupa1936 Mescalero1936 1801 A. Mackenzie Voy. from Montreal ii. 17 The Slave and Beaver Indians..would not be here till the time that the swans cast their feathers. 1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 827/2 Beavers, Dog-ribs, Strongbows, [etc.]. 1916 P. E. Goddard Beaver Indians (Anthropol. Papers Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. X. Pt. 6) 208 They often met Beaver from Vermilion and Fort St. John. 1946 J. J. Honigmann Ethnogr. & Acculturation Fort Nelson Slave (Yale Univ. Publ. Anthropol. No. 33) 133 The Cree interpreter..who is part Beaver, was positive that the Beaver had a prophet in his grandfather's time. 1975 J. V. Wright Prehist. Lake Athabasca iii. 143 The western portion of the lake was occupied by another group: possibly Athabascan-speaking Beavers. 1862 R. G. Latham Elements Compar. Philol. lv. 391 The Beaver Indian is transitional to the Slave and the Chepewyan proper.] 1916 P. E. Goddard Beaver Indians (Anthropol. Papers Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. X. Pt. 6) 209 As far as phonetics are concerned the Sarsi language is more nearly akin to Beaver than to any other east of the Rocky Mountains.1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. 72 The Athabascan family covers all but the coastal fringe of northwestern Canada (Chipewyan, Beaver, Dogrib, Sarsi, etc.).1946 J. J. Honigmann Ethnogr. & Acculturation Fort Nelson Slave (Yale Univ. Publ. Anthropol. No. 33) 130 The Cree, in interpersonal relations with the Slave, must speak either an Athapaskan dialect (generally Beaver or Slave or a mixture of both) or must speak English.1977 T. A. Sebeok Native Lang. Americas II. 316 The term Mountain..has been applied also to groups speaking Beaver, Chipewyan, Kaska, Sarsi, Slave, Tsetsaut and Yellowknife. Draft additions 1997 Canadian History. Plural often unchanged. = made beaver n. at made adj. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > other mediums of exchange > [noun] > token used in place of coin > issued by trader or company > equivalent to the value of prepared beaver skin made beaver1723 beaver1765 1708 in Beaver (1957) Winter 14/1 10 [for] good skins; that is, Winter Beaver; 12 [for] skins of the biggest sort, 10 for the mean, and 8 for the smallest.] 1765 in A. Henry Trav. & Adventures Canada (1809) ii. i. 192 It is in Beaver that accounts are kept at Michilimackinac. 1851 J. Richardson Arctic Searching Exped. i. xii. 391 To be accounted a chief among the Kutchin, a man must possess beads to the amount of 200 beavers. 1913 F. Williams Wilderness Trail xviii. 190 When the value [of the furs] is determined, the trader pushes over the counter as many ‘beaver’ (lead pellets), as the furs are worth. 1941 Beaver Sept. 14/2 The North-West Company, about 1820, issued beaver tokens, a form of coinage only a few pieces of which..have been saved. Draft additions September 2013 beaver hunter n. ΚΠ 1687 T. Dongan in E. B. O'Callaghan Documentary Hist. State N.Y. (1849) I. vii. 258 The French King..has built a Fort..where all our Traders & Beaver Hunters must pass. 1742 tr. Acta Germanica I. 313 A beaver-hunter inform'd me, that in the many beavers he had taken, he had never found any thing filthy in their stomachs. 1847 G. F. Ruxton Adventures Mexico & Rocky Mts. (1848) 234 The beaver-hunter has set his traps in every creek and stream. 1996 Newsday (Electronic ed.) 12 Sept. The cast includes Joe Meek, mountain man and beaver hunter. 2012 Time Out (Nexis) 23 Feb. 51 Slessor's West is a land of explorers, railroad builders, beaver hunters and frontier families. Draft additions September 2013 beaver hunting n. ΚΠ 1701 Deed in J. W. Lydekker Faithful Mohawks (1938) App. 191 Came and settled there twenty years agoe disturbed our beaver hunting against which nation wee have warred ever since. 1841 J. Johnson tr. A. Van der Donck Descr. New-Netherlands in N.Y. Hist. Soc. Coll. 2nd Ser. I. 209 For beaver hunting the Indians go in large parties, and remain out from one to two months. 1969 Daily Chron. (Centralia, Washington) 13 Feb. 2/1 House Bill 164 had been introduced that would have prohibited all beaver hunting in the entire state. 2011 Yukon News (Nexis) 18 Mar. 68 The people went beaver hunting and returned a month later to find that the government had towed all their cabins across the still frozen Ross River. Draft additions September 2013 beaver house n. North American a beaver's lodge. ΚΠ 1748 H. Ellis Voy. Hudson's-Bay ii. 160 The Situation of these Beaver-Houses is always by the Side of a Lake or Pool. 1856 C. Lanman Adventures Wilds U.S. II. 124 They..live in dens, built of mud and weeds, after the manner of the beaver-houses. 1959 E. Collier Three against Wilderness xxi. 210 A raft of newly hatched geese had been perched on the beaver house. 2012 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 1 Dec. k2 He advised being wary of beaver houses and their respective feed beds as it's easy for the ice to crack in these areas. Draft additions September 2019 beavertail n. Canadian †(a) (also in form beaver's tail) a loaf of bread with a flattened shape resembling that of a beaver's tail (obsolete); (b) a sweet pastry consisting of a flat piece of fried dough dusted with sugar and cinnamon, or served with other sweet toppings.BeaverTails is a proprietary name in sense (b). Π 1892 E. R. Young Stories Indian Wigwams & Northern Camp-fires ii. 29 He flattened it [sc. the dough] out into the shape of, and what is really called, a ‘beaver's tail’... Soon the ‘beavers' tails’ were ready for the hungry men. 1898 F. Russell Explor. Far North 39 If the traveler has no frying pan the bread is baked in a ‘beaver tail’. Such a loaf is long and narrow and is exposed to the fire upon a stick. 1983 N.Y. Times 4 Sept. x. 10/1 There is the old market [in Ottawa] where you can buy beavertails, the flat triangles of fried dough sprinkled with cinnamon and sugar. 2014 @MichaelSona 8 Jan. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Homemade beavertails w maple syrup icing, cinnamon & lemon turned out awesome! This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022). beavern.² Brit. /ˈbiːvə/, U.S. /ˈbivər/ Forms: Middle English baviere, 1500s bauour, bauer, 1500s–1600s beuer, 1600s bauier, beauer, beavoir, 1700s–1800s bever, 1700s-1800s beavor, 1500s– beaver. Etymology: Middle English baviere, < Old French bavière, originally a child's bib, < bave saliva; compare Italian baviera, Spanish babera. Obsolete exc. Historical. a. ‘The lower portion of the face-guard of a helmet, when worn with a visor; but occasionally serving the purposes of both.’‘In 14th cent. applied to the movable face-guard of the basinet, otherwise called viziere, ventaile, or aventaile. In the early part of 15th cent. the beaver appears formed of overlapping plates, which can be raised or depressed to any degree desired by the wearer. In the 16th cent. it again became confounded with the visor, and could be pushed up entirely over the top of the helmet, and drawn down at pleasure.’ (Planché.) ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > helmet > [noun] > beaver beaver1481 1481–90 Howard Househ. Bks. 274 A peir brigandines….ij. bavieres [and] iij. peire ganteletz. 1557 Malory's Story Noble & Worthy Kynge Arthur (Copland) vi. ix Syr Launcelot..gate hym by the bauour of hys helmet. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne ii. xlviii. 29 The Virgin gan her beavoir vale. 1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. ii. 228 Then saw you not his face?.. O yes my Lord, he wore his beuer [1623 Beauer] vp. 1764 H. Walpole Castle of Otranto iii. 98 Two knights habited in complete armour, their beavors down. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. ix. 171 The conqueror called for a bowl of wine, and opening the beaver or lower part of his helmet..quaffed it. 1876 J. R. Planché Cycl. Costume I. 39 One of the earliest examples of a movable beaver is seen in the effigy of Thomas, Duke of Clarence, slain 1421. b. figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence hornc825 shieldc1200 warranta1272 bergha1325 armour1340 hedge1340 defencec1350 bucklerc1380 protectiona1382 safety1399 targea1400 suretyc1405 wall1412 pavise?a1439 fencec1440 safeguard?c1500 pale?a1525 waretack1542 muniment1546 shrouda1561 bulwark1577 countermure1581 ward1582 prevention1584 armourya1586 fortificationa1586 securitya1586 penthouse1589 palladium1600 guard1609 subtectacle1609 tutament1609 umbrella1609 bastion1615 screena1616 amulet1621 alexikakon1635 breastwork1643 security1643 protectionary1653 sepiment1660 back1680 shadower1691 aegis1760 inoculation1761 buoya1770 propugnaculum1773 panoply1789 armament1793 fascine1793 protective1827 beaver1838 face shield1842 vaccine1861 zariba1885 wolf-platform1906 firebreak1959 1838 R. Southey Doctor V. 148 I will maintain..as publicly were it needful, (only that my bever must be closed). 1845 R. W. Hamilton Inst. Pop. Educ. iii. 49 Why should the Author suppress this anecdote now that his beaver is up? Compounds beaver-sight n. eye-hole of a helmet. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > helmet > [noun] > beaver > hole for seeing through visure1688 beaver-sighta1843 a1843 R. Southey G. Hermiguez i, in Wks. (1853) VI. 163 Through the bever-sight his eye Glared fierce and red. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021). beavern.³ Brit. /ˈbiːvə/, U.S. /ˈbivər/ Etymology: Etymology uncertain. slang. 1. (a) A beard; (b) a bearded person; (c) a game, in which points are scored in various ways by ‘spotting’ beards.In the U.S., beaver (probably beaver n.¹) is recorded in the sense ‘a person’ (not necessarily one with a beard): 1850–66 examples in D.A. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > hair > hair on lower part of face > [noun] > beard beardeOE china1400 barba1500 muzzlea1640 facial hair1830 fungus1904 beaver1910 ziff1919 the world > life > the body > hair > hair on lower part of face > [noun] > beard > person having beard1667 beardy1808 beaver1910 beardo1935 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > other specific games > [noun] > others sitisota1400 papsea1450 half-bowl1477 pluck at the crow1523 white and black1555 running game1581 blow-pointa1586 hot cocklesa1586 one penny1585 cockelty bread1595 pouch1600 venter-point1600 hinch-pinch1603 hardhead1606 poor and rich1621 rowland-hoe1622 hubbub1634 handicap?a1653 owl1653 ostomachy1656 prelledsa1660 quarter-spellsa1660 yert-point1659 bob-her1702 score1710 parson has lost his cloak1712 drop (also throw) (the) handkerchief1754 French Fox1759 goal1765 warpling o' the green1768 start1788 kiss-in-the-ring1801 steal-clothes1809 steal-coat1816 petits paquets1821 bocce1828 graces1831 Jack-in-the-box1836 hot hand1849 sparrow-mumbling1852 Aunt Sally1858 gossip1880 Tambaroora1882 spoof1884 fishpond1892 nim1901 diabolo1906 Kim's game1908 beaver1910 treasure-hunt1913 roll-down1915 rock scissors paper1927 scissors cut paper1927 scissors game1927 the dozens1928 toad in the hole1930 game1932 scissors paper stone1932 Roshambo1936 Marco Polo1938 scavenger hunt1940 skish1940 rock paper scissors1947 to play chicken1949 sounding1962 joning1970 arcade game1978 1910 F. Richardson Whiskers & Soda 211 He provided a list of celebrated clean-shaven men and also of celebrated beavers, as bearded men are technically termed. 1922 J. Kettelwell Beaver 58 The outlines of the game itself are so simple..that the question of rules scarcely arises. A bearded man is a Beaver, claim him, crying aloud, as musically as possible, ‘Beaver, fifteen love’—or appropriately to the score. If both players cry aloud simultaneously it is a ‘no ball’. 1922 New Statesman 12 Aug. 511/1 This amazing game of Beaver..is played ..by two persons, and the points are scored as in tennis. Whichever of the two first cries ‘Beaver!’ as a beard heaves into sight, scores. 1922 Westm. Gaz. 12 Oct. 6/5 He was a beaver of a pronounced type, wore horn-rimmed spectacles, and two huge opal rings. 1927 W. E. Collinson Contemp. Eng. 63 About three years ago a fashion was started among men of wearing beards. These were greeted with the cry: Beaver!, a term now often applied to the beard itself [o]n ‘a beaver’. 1936 P. G. Wodehouse Laughing Gas xxiv. 255 I had fallen among a band of criminals who were not wilful beavers, but had merely assumed the fungus for purposes of disguise. 1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren iii. 54 The cry ‘Beaver!’ is a thing of the past. 2. a. The female genitals or the pubic area in general; also attributive, denoting films, literature, etc., in which nude females are portrayed; split beaver: see split adj. Compounds 2a. Chiefly U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > sex organs > female sex organs > [noun] cuntc1230 quivera1382 chosec1386 privy chosea1387 quoniamc1405 naturec1470 shell1497 box1541 water gate1541 mouth1568 quiver case1568 water gap1586 cunnya1593 medlar1597 mark1598 buggle-boo1600 malkin1602 lap1607 skin coat1611 quim1613 nest1614 watermilla1626 bum1655 merkin1656 twat1656 notch1659 commodity1660 modicum1660 crinkum-crankum1670 honeypot1673 honour1688 muff1699 pussy1699 puss1707 fud1771 jock1790 cock?1833 fanny?1835 vaginac1890 rug1893 money-maker1896 Berkeley1899 Berkeley Hunt1899 twitchet1899 mingea1903 snatch1904 beaver1927 coozie1934 Sir Berkeley1937 pocketbook1942 pranny1949 zatch1950 cooch1955 bearded clam1962 noonie1966 chuff1967 coozea1968 carpet1981 pum-pum1983 front bum1985 coochie1986 punani1987 front bottom1991 va-jay-jay2000 1927 Immortalia 166 She took off her clothes From her head to her toes, And a voice at the keyhole yelled, ‘Beaver!’ 1939 J. Joyce Finnegans Wake 537 Thou, Frick's Flame, Uden Sulfer, who strikest only on the marryd bokks, enquick me if so be I did cophetuise milady's maid! In spect of her beavers she is a womanly and sacret. 1969 Films & Filming Aug. 25/2 The Supreme Court ruling that pubic hair wasn't obscene..led directly to a crop of self-styled ‘beaver movies’. 1976 Listener 12 Feb. 180/1 Like the beaver mags (Kurt Vonnegut's word for the glossies that concentrate on the female pudenda), television has only a limited number of shots with which to titillate the viewer. 1978 J. Irving World according to Garp xiii. 241 Pictures of naked women... If you could see the sex parts, which were sometimes partially hidden by the hair, that was a beaver. 1981 M. Gee Dying, in Other Words 101 He hadn't been very intelligent..showing him the skin flick picture of Moira…It was probably too dirty, they can't use beaver shots, although she was cracked up her beaver, Macbeth felt it briefly. b. Hence, a girl or woman, esp. one who is sexually attractive. U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > attractiveness > [noun] > attractive person > woman morsela1450 honeypot1618 enchantera1704 peach1710 enchantress1713 sparkler1713 enslaver1728 witch1740 fascinatress1799 honey1843 biscuit1855 fairy1862 baby1863 scorcher1881 cracker1891 peacherino1896 hot tamale1897 mink1899 hotty?1913 babe1915 a bit of skirt1916 cookie1917 tomato1918 snuggle-pup1922 nifty1923 brahma1925 package1931 ginch1934 blonde bombshell1942 beast1946 smasher1948 a bit of crackling1949 nymphet1955 nymphette1961 fox1963 beaver1968 superbabe1970 brick house1977 nubile1977 yummy mummy1993 1968–70 Current Slang (Univ. S. Dakota) 3–4 8 Beaver, a girl.—College males, Kansas. 1976 J. K. Lieberman & N. S. Rhodes Compl. CB Handbk. vi. 121 ‘Beaver’, meaning a girl, was taken from a phrase used to describe pornographic films. 1977 Rolling Stone 13 Jan. 42/2 10–4, Beaver [CB talk for a female], we're all going down to Plains tomorrow after Jimmy Carter wins. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online December 2021). beaverv. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly of unknown origin. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: beaver n.¹ Etymology: In sense 1 of unknown origin; compare English regional (Lincolnshire) beaver fine woad (1863 or earlier). In sense 2 < beaver n.¹Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈbeaver. 1. local. [compare Eng. Dial. Dict. beaver n.² (Lincolnshire), a term applied to fine woad.] (See quots.) ΚΠ 1799 A. Young Gen. View Agric. County Lincoln vii. 155 Without these attentions the woad will not beaver well, a term descriptive of the fineness of the capillary filaments into which it draws out when broken between the finger and thumb. 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. xi. 771 When this attention is neglected, the woad will not, on being broken between the finger and thumb, draw out into fine hair-like filaments, or, in the language of the manufacturer, beaver well. 1942 J. M. Dowsett Romance England's Forests viii. 210 This powder was spread on the floor, moistened with water and allowed to ‘couch’ (ferment), a process which required very considerable care if the material was to ‘beaver’ well. 2. [ < beaver n.¹] Const. away: to work like a beaver. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > [verb (intransitive)] > work hard or toil workeOE swingc1000 to the boneOE labourc1390 toilc1400 drevyll?1518 drudge1548 droy1576 droil1591 to tug at the (an) oar1612 to stand to it1632 rudge1676 slave1707 to work like a beaver1741 to hold (also keep, bring, put) one's nose to the grindstone1828 to feague it away1829 to work like a nigger1836 delve1838 slave1852 leather1863 to sweat one's guts out1890 hunker1903 to sweat (also work) one's guts out1932 to eat (also work) like a horse1937 beaver1946 to work like a drover's dog1952 to get one's nose down (to)1962 1946 Time 22 Apr. 49 He found time to dash off five other books while beavering away at his vast History. 1966 M. R. D. Foot SOE in France p. xxi The gaullists beavered away at their own plans, irrespective of the prospects of putting them into action. 1967 Spectator 15 Dec. 740/2 The Germans beaver away at their scheme for ‘entry by stages’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online September 2020). < n.¹c1000n.²1481n.³1910v.1799
随便看	trehalas trehalase trehalases trehalose trehaloses treillage train guard train hand train horse train hostess train indicator train journey train jumper train jumping train line train mile train mileage train net train number train of thought train off train oil train on train operator train passenger

beavern.1

Compounds

Draft additions 1993

Draft additions 1997

Draft additions September 2013

Draft additions September 2013

Draft additions September 2013

Draft additions September 2019

beavern.2

Compounds

beavern.3

beaverv.

beavern.¹

beavern.²

beavern.³