pre-eminencen.

Brit.

/priːˈɛmᵻnəns/,

/prɪˈɛmᵻnəns/, U.S.

/priˈɛmənəns/

Forms: Middle English pre-emmynence, Middle English prehemynence, Middle English–1500s pre-emynence, Middle English–1500s preminence, Middle English–1500s premynence, Middle English–1800s preheminence, Middle English– pre-eminence, 1500s pre-emynens, 1600s prehemynance, 1600s–1700s prae-eminence; Scottish pre-1700 prae-eminence, pre-1700 pre-eminens, pre-1700 pre-emynens, pre-1700 prehemenance, pre-1700 prehemenence, pre-1700 prehemenince, pre-1700 preheminance, pre-1700 preheminence, pre-1700 preheminens, pre-1700 prehemynance, pre-1700 prehemynens, pre-1700 1700s– pre-eminence.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French preeminence; Latin praeeminentia.

Etymology: < Middle French preeminence, preeminance, preheminance, prehemynence (social) superiority, privilege based on rank or birth (1372–4; French prééminence ) and its etymon post-classical Latin praeeminentia excellence (4th cent.), height (5th cent.), privilege, prerogative (from 13th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin praeēminent- , praeēminēns pre-eminent adj. + -ia -ia suffix¹; compare -ence suffix. Compare Catalan preeminència (1344 as preheminencia ), Spanish preeminencia (late 14th cent.), preheminencia (1391), Portuguese preeminência (1572), Italian preminenza , †preeminenza (1353). Compare later pre-eminency n.The -h- in some of the forms was inserted to avoid hiatus, probably after the equivalent use of -h- in some Middle French forms.

1. Higher rank or distinction; priority of place, precedence; primacy; superiority. In early use also (occasionally): †an instance of this; a place or rank of distinction (obsolete).

ΚΠ

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 125 In anlich lif he biȝet þreo pre eminences [c1230 Corpus Cambr. preminences; a1250 Nero biȝeaten; a1500 Royal þinges]. Priuilegie of precheur. Mede of Martirdom. & Meidene Mede.

1427 Rolls of Parl. IV. 326/2 As toward any preeminence yat ye might have..as chief of Counseill.

1434 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) IV. 287 (MED) It is not þe entente of eny of þe lordes..to..do þat mighte be prejudicial to þe Kinges regalie, preminence, dignitee.

c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 664 (MED) Maria, which hadde a premynence Above alle women, in Bedlem whan she lay..wered a kouercheef.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) 3 John 9 Diotrephes which loueth to haue the preeminence amonge them receaueth vs not.

1587 R. Crompton Short Declar. End Traytors sig. Eij There is no Common wealth..that can continue, where there is not superiority or preheminence in gouernment.

1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 60 As touching preheminence and dignitie, he is chiefe of the Christian Princes.

1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 2 They allowed preeminence to their Magistrates rather then Supremacy.

1682 Kirkcudbright Town Council Rec. 20 Sept. No forraigne prince..ought to have any jurisdictione pouer supperioratie prehemenince or authoritie ecclesticall or civell within this reallam.

1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels II. 10 Our Saviour is very fitly termed our Head, as that implies..Preheminence over the rest of the Body.

1783 H. Cowley Which is the Man? iii. iii. 31 The ambition of pre-eminence lighted the flame of controversy, when they gave each other the lye literary with infinite spirit.

1817 J. Austen Sanditon vii, in Minor Wks. (1954) 397 I confess my sense of his Pre-eminence, Miss H.

1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 97 The Venetians asserted their pre-eminence over the Genoese in a..battle.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 103/1 In 1690 the Accademia degli Arcadi was founded at Rome..and, to avoid disputes about pre-eminence, all came to its meetings masked.

1990 Nation (N.Y.) 30 Apr. 608/2 The political rhetoric of the United States has continued to employ the old vocabulary of American exceptionalism, national mission, American pre-eminence.

2. As a count noun (usually in plural). A distinction conferred by a particular office or position; a privilege, a prerogative.In later use chiefly in legal formulae.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [noun] > instance of

pre-eminence1433

pre-eminency1555

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > honour > [noun] > conferring of honour > an) honour(s) or distinction

worshipOE

mensk?c1225

pre-eminence1433

honoura1500

pre-eminency1555

a feather in the cap, hat1581

garland1591

honorarium1609

honorary1610

blushing honours1623

signal1655

gayness1670

honourability1694

honourable mention1797

special mention1886

1433 Rolls of Parl. IV. 432/2 That hit lyke youre Highnes to graunte me..yat I occupie the seid Office..with all the manere of preminences and duytees belangyng therto.

1450 Rolls of Parl. V. 202/2 The Kyng woll that it be as it is desired by this Petition, Savyng alwey to hym his prerogatif and prehemynence of and in the premisses.

1526 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1842) II. 179 With all feis proffittis emolumentis preeminencis [ed. -entis] preuilegiis and dewiteis belangand to the said office.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxii. 144 God from whome mens seuerall degrees and preheminences do proceede.

1612 in Three Charters Virginia Co. (1957) 77 We doe by theis present retifie and confirme..all and all manner of priviledges, franchises, liberties, immunities, preheminences, profitts and commodities.

1641 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. F. Biondi Hist. Civil Warres Eng. I. v. 93 The City of Auxerres, and the precincts thereof, with all the above said preheminences.

1729 J. Ogilvie tr. P. Giannone Civil Hist. Kingdom Naples I. x. vi. 466 In order to defend those Prerogatives and Pre-eminences which he reckon'd belong'd to the Apostolick See, against the greatest Kings and Monarchs of the Earth.

1794 E. Burke Rep. Lords' Jrnls. in Wks. (1842) II. 632 The office, the powers and preheminences annexed to it, differ very widely.

1801 in House of Lords Session Papers (1873) 12 110 All and singular the rights privileges preheminences immunities and advantages to the degree of a baron.

1882 Atchison (Kansas) Globe 13 Dec. His Majesty Kalakaua [of Hawaii]..has created Madame Patti a Knight Companion of the Royal Order of Kapirani [recte Kapiolani], to exercise and enjoy all the rights, pre-eminences and privileges of the Order.

1926 Times 2 Feb. 15/7 The Treaty of Berlin, whereby the respective rights and mutual pre-eminences of Jews, Moslems, and Christians..are..laid down.

1937 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 13 Apr. These men ‘shall have the posts, positions and pre-eminences to which they are entitled in civil, as well as military life’, says the [Spanish Loyalist] Government.

2001 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 9 June ‘Enjoy the privileges, powers, prerogatives and pre-eminences accorded to the nobility,’ it says temptingly—and you don't need so much as a drop of blue blood, just a working credit card.

3. The possession or existence of a quality or attribute in a pre-eminent degree; superiority or distinction in a particular quality; pride of place; outstanding excellence.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > surpassing excellence > [noun]

pricea1275

sovereigntyc1340

primacyc1384

sublimityc1429

vassalagec1430

precellence?a1439

pre-excellencec1450

pre-eminencec1460

superexcellencec1475

chief1519

pre-eminency1523

greaterness1540

precellency1557

superexcellency?1563

divinenessa1586

superancya1586

sublimenessa1599

pre-excellency1603

especialness1614

transcendencea1616

transcendency1615

transcendentness1625

top1627

antecellency1657

quality1665

transcendingness1730

transcendentalism1841

surpassingness1879

transcendentality1881

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [noun]

primacyc1384

principalitya1398

pre-eminencec1460

principalness1530

supremacy1579

firsthood1619

transeminency1660

supremeness1665

primality1667

giantship1847

premiership1850

supremity1882

c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Testament (Harl. 2255) in J. O. Halliwell Select. Minor Poems (1840) 244 Whil they stonde in ther fresse premynence.

1486 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 54 A place to my pleasour of moost prehemynence.

a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. Clxxix^v The preemynence of his moost gracyous incarnacyon.

1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 101 Nor ȝit haifand præeminence by wtheris of godly leuing.

1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion x. Illustr. 161 The East-Indian Taprobran, now called Sumatra, had preheminence of quantity before this of ours.

1684 W. Davies in tr. Plutarch Lives III. 300 Giving to one the preheminence for Moderation and Abstinence.

1700 T. Tryon Lett. 233 That I have given Water, the Preheminence before all liquors.

1747 R. Campbell London Tradesman xvi. 97 Our present Excellence in Painting consists in the Portrait Way; and in this, all our Neighbours justly yield us the Preheminence.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. xxx. 147 The emperor Honorius was distinguished..by the pre-eminence of fear, as well as of rank.

1821 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Writings (1984) 98 I cannot leave this great and good country without expressing my sense of it's preeminence of character among the nations of the earth.

1883 J. A. Symonds Shakspere's Predecessors (1890) ii. 46 Shakspere's pre~eminence consists chiefly in this, that he did supremely well what all were doing.

1908 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables xxxv. 396 Josie Pye attained a certain preeminence as the sharpest-tongued young lady in attendance at Queen's.

1962 F. Kermode in R. Copeland & M. Cohen What is Dance? (1983) ii. 147 The general and developing Romantic tendency was to give music pre-eminence as being non-discursive.

1999 Grosvenor House Art & Antiques Fair: 1999 Handbk. 185 He quickly assumed preeminence among the city's artists, only rivalled by the older Pompeo Batoni.

†4. Greater stature; tallness. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily height > tallness > [noun]

longitude?a1425

grandeurc1500

tallness1535

procerity1550

pre-eminence1589

celsitude1678

properness1706

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. xv. 27 The actors..for a speciall preheminence did walke vpon those high corked shoes or pantofles.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pre-eminence
释义	pre-eminencen. Brit. /priːˈɛmᵻnəns/, /prɪˈɛmᵻnəns/, U.S. /priˈɛmənəns/ Forms: Middle English pre-emmynence, Middle English prehemynence, Middle English–1500s pre-emynence, Middle English–1500s preminence, Middle English–1500s premynence, Middle English–1800s preheminence, Middle English– pre-eminence, 1500s pre-emynens, 1600s prehemynance, 1600s–1700s prae-eminence; Scottish pre-1700 prae-eminence, pre-1700 pre-eminens, pre-1700 pre-emynens, pre-1700 prehemenance, pre-1700 prehemenence, pre-1700 prehemenince, pre-1700 preheminance, pre-1700 preheminence, pre-1700 preheminens, pre-1700 prehemynance, pre-1700 prehemynens, pre-1700 1700s– pre-eminence. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French preeminence; Latin praeeminentia. Etymology: < Middle French preeminence, preeminance, preheminance, prehemynence (social) superiority, privilege based on rank or birth (1372–4; French prééminence ) and its etymon post-classical Latin praeeminentia excellence (4th cent.), height (5th cent.), privilege, prerogative (from 13th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin praeēminent- , praeēminēns pre-eminent adj. + -ia -ia suffix¹; compare -ence suffix. Compare Catalan preeminència (1344 as preheminencia ), Spanish preeminencia (late 14th cent.), preheminencia (1391), Portuguese preeminência (1572), Italian preminenza , †preeminenza (1353). Compare later pre-eminency n.The -h- in some of the forms was inserted to avoid hiatus, probably after the equivalent use of -h- in some Middle French forms. 1. Higher rank or distinction; priority of place, precedence; primacy; superiority. In early use also (occasionally): †an instance of this; a place or rank of distinction (obsolete). ΚΠ ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 125 In anlich lif he biȝet þreo pre eminences [c1230 Corpus Cambr. preminences; a1250 Nero biȝeaten; a1500 Royal þinges]. Priuilegie of precheur. Mede of Martirdom. & Meidene Mede. 1427 Rolls of Parl. IV. 326/2 As toward any preeminence yat ye might have..as chief of Counseill. 1434 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) IV. 287 (MED) It is not þe entente of eny of þe lordes..to..do þat mighte be prejudicial to þe Kinges regalie, preminence, dignitee. c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 664 (MED) Maria, which hadde a premynence Above alle women, in Bedlem whan she lay..wered a kouercheef. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) 3 John 9 Diotrephes which loueth to haue the preeminence amonge them receaueth vs not. 1587 R. Crompton Short Declar. End Traytors sig. Eij There is no Common wealth..that can continue, where there is not superiority or preheminence in gouernment. 1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 60 As touching preheminence and dignitie, he is chiefe of the Christian Princes. 1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 2 They allowed preeminence to their Magistrates rather then Supremacy. 1682 Kirkcudbright Town Council Rec. 20 Sept. No forraigne prince..ought to have any jurisdictione pouer supperioratie prehemenince or authoritie ecclesticall or civell within this reallam. 1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels II. 10 Our Saviour is very fitly termed our Head, as that implies..Preheminence over the rest of the Body. 1783 H. Cowley Which is the Man? iii. iii. 31 The ambition of pre-eminence lighted the flame of controversy, when they gave each other the lye literary with infinite spirit. 1817 J. Austen Sanditon vii, in Minor Wks. (1954) 397 I confess my sense of his Pre-eminence, Miss H. 1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 97 The Venetians asserted their pre-eminence over the Genoese in a..battle. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 103/1 In 1690 the Accademia degli Arcadi was founded at Rome..and, to avoid disputes about pre-eminence, all came to its meetings masked. 1990 Nation (N.Y.) 30 Apr. 608/2 The political rhetoric of the United States has continued to employ the old vocabulary of American exceptionalism, national mission, American pre-eminence. 2. As a count noun (usually in plural). A distinction conferred by a particular office or position; a privilege, a prerogative.In later use chiefly in legal formulae. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [noun] > instance of pre-eminence1433 pre-eminency1555 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > honour > [noun] > conferring of honour > an) honour(s) or distinction worshipOE mensk?c1225 pre-eminence1433 honoura1500 pre-eminency1555 a feather in the cap, hat1581 garland1591 honorarium1609 honorary1610 blushing honours1623 signal1655 gayness1670 honourability1694 honourable mention1797 special mention1886 1433 Rolls of Parl. IV. 432/2 That hit lyke youre Highnes to graunte me..yat I occupie the seid Office..with all the manere of preminences and duytees belangyng therto. 1450 Rolls of Parl. V. 202/2 The Kyng woll that it be as it is desired by this Petition, Savyng alwey to hym his prerogatif and prehemynence of and in the premisses. 1526 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1842) II. 179 With all feis proffittis emolumentis preeminencis [ed. -entis] preuilegiis and dewiteis belangand to the said office. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxii. 144 God from whome mens seuerall degrees and preheminences do proceede. 1612 in Three Charters Virginia Co. (1957) 77 We doe by theis present retifie and confirme..all and all manner of priviledges, franchises, liberties, immunities, preheminences, profitts and commodities. 1641 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. F. Biondi Hist. Civil Warres Eng. I. v. 93 The City of Auxerres, and the precincts thereof, with all the above said preheminences. 1729 J. Ogilvie tr. P. Giannone Civil Hist. Kingdom Naples I. x. vi. 466 In order to defend those Prerogatives and Pre-eminences which he reckon'd belong'd to the Apostolick See, against the greatest Kings and Monarchs of the Earth. 1794 E. Burke Rep. Lords' Jrnls. in Wks. (1842) II. 632 The office, the powers and preheminences annexed to it, differ very widely. 1801 in House of Lords Session Papers (1873) 12 110 All and singular the rights privileges preheminences immunities and advantages to the degree of a baron. 1882 Atchison (Kansas) Globe 13 Dec. His Majesty Kalakaua [of Hawaii]..has created Madame Patti a Knight Companion of the Royal Order of Kapirani [recte Kapiolani], to exercise and enjoy all the rights, pre-eminences and privileges of the Order. 1926 Times 2 Feb. 15/7 The Treaty of Berlin, whereby the respective rights and mutual pre-eminences of Jews, Moslems, and Christians..are..laid down. 1937 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 13 Apr. These men ‘shall have the posts, positions and pre-eminences to which they are entitled in civil, as well as military life’, says the [Spanish Loyalist] Government. 2001 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 9 June ‘Enjoy the privileges, powers, prerogatives and pre-eminences accorded to the nobility,’ it says temptingly—and you don't need so much as a drop of blue blood, just a working credit card. 3. The possession or existence of a quality or attribute in a pre-eminent degree; superiority or distinction in a particular quality; pride of place; outstanding excellence. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > surpassing excellence > [noun] pricea1275 sovereigntyc1340 primacyc1384 sublimityc1429 vassalagec1430 precellence?a1439 pre-excellencec1450 pre-eminencec1460 superexcellencec1475 chief1519 pre-eminency1523 greaterness1540 precellency1557 superexcellency?1563 divinenessa1586 superancya1586 sublimenessa1599 pre-excellency1603 especialness1614 transcendencea1616 transcendency1615 transcendentness1625 top1627 antecellency1657 quality1665 transcendingness1730 transcendentalism1841 surpassingness1879 transcendentality1881 the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [noun] primacyc1384 principalitya1398 pre-eminencec1460 principalness1530 supremacy1579 firsthood1619 transeminency1660 supremeness1665 primality1667 giantship1847 premiership1850 supremity1882 c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Testament (Harl. 2255) in J. O. Halliwell Select. Minor Poems (1840) 244 Whil they stonde in ther fresse premynence. 1486 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 54 A place to my pleasour of moost prehemynence. a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. Clxxix^v The preemynence of his moost gracyous incarnacyon. 1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 101 Nor ȝit haifand præeminence by wtheris of godly leuing. 1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion x. Illustr. 161 The East-Indian Taprobran, now called Sumatra, had preheminence of quantity before this of ours. 1684 W. Davies in tr. Plutarch Lives III. 300 Giving to one the preheminence for Moderation and Abstinence. 1700 T. Tryon Lett. 233 That I have given Water, the Preheminence before all liquors. 1747 R. Campbell London Tradesman xvi. 97 Our present Excellence in Painting consists in the Portrait Way; and in this, all our Neighbours justly yield us the Preheminence. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. xxx. 147 The emperor Honorius was distinguished..by the pre-eminence of fear, as well as of rank. 1821 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Writings (1984) 98 I cannot leave this great and good country without expressing my sense of it's preeminence of character among the nations of the earth. 1883 J. A. Symonds Shakspere's Predecessors (1890) ii. 46 Shakspere's pre~eminence consists chiefly in this, that he did supremely well what all were doing. 1908 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables xxxv. 396 Josie Pye attained a certain preeminence as the sharpest-tongued young lady in attendance at Queen's. 1962 F. Kermode in R. Copeland & M. Cohen What is Dance? (1983) ii. 147 The general and developing Romantic tendency was to give music pre-eminence as being non-discursive. 1999 Grosvenor House Art & Antiques Fair: 1999 Handbk. 185 He quickly assumed preeminence among the city's artists, only rivalled by the older Pompeo Batoni. †4. Greater stature; tallness. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily height > tallness > [noun] longitude?a1425 grandeurc1500 tallness1535 procerity1550 pre-eminence1589 celsitude1678 properness1706 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. xv. 27 The actors..for a speciall preheminence did walke vpon those high corked shoes or pantofles. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?c1225
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