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单词 prentice
释义

prenticen.

Brit. /ˈprɛntɪs/, U.S. /ˈprɛn(t)əs/
Forms:

α. Middle English pentise (transmission error), Middle English prentasse (plural), Middle English prentez, Middle English prentysse, Middle English prentyz, Middle English–1500s prentes, Middle English–1500s prentis, Middle English–1500s prentiz, Middle English–1500s prentyce, Middle English–1500s prentys, Middle English–1500s prentyse, Middle English–1700s prentise, Middle English– prentice, 1500s prentese, 1500s prentesse, 1500s pretize (transmission error), 1500s–1600s prentisse, 1500s–1600s prentize, 1700s– 'prentice; English regional 1800s 'prentis, 1800s– perntice (Somerset), 1800s– prentas, 1800s– prentis; Scottish pre-1700 preantes, pre-1700 prentace, pre-1700 prentas, pre-1700 prenteice, pre-1700 prenteis, pre-1700 prenteise, pre-1700 prenteish, pre-1700 prenteiss, pre-1700 prenteize, pre-1700 prentes, pre-1700 prentese, pre-1700 prenteys, pre-1700 prenties, pre-1700 prentise, pre-1700 prentiss, pre-1700 prentisse, pre-1700 prentize, pre-1700 prenttis, pre-1700 prentys, pre-1700 prentyse, pre-1700 1700s prentis, pre-1700 1700s– prentice; N.E.D.(1908) also records a form Middle English preyntyce.

β. Middle English printiz, Middle English printyce, Middle English printys, Middle English printyse, Middle English pryntes, 1500s printice, 1800s– 'printice (regional); Scottish pre-1700 printece, pre-1700 printeis, pre-1700 printeise, pre-1700 printes, pre-1700 printese, pre-1700 printice, pre-1700 printis, pre-1700 printise, pre-1700 printtes, pre-1700 printyce, pre-1700 printyse.

Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly a borrowing from French. Probably partly a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: French prentiz ; apprentice n.
Etymology: Probably partly < Anglo-Norman prentiz learner, apprentice (late 13th cent. or earlier; aphetic < apprentiz apprentice n.), and partly aphetic < apprentice n. Compare post-classical Latin prenticius (15th cent. in a British source in prenticius de jure canonico ; compare sense 1).In early use frequently unchanged in the plural. Attested earlier as a surname (e.g. John Prentiz), although it is uncertain whether this should be taken as reflecting the Anglo-Norman or the Middle English word.
Now regional, archaic, or historical.
1. Law. = apprentice n. 2. Usually in prentice of (also at) court, prentice of (also in) law. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > counsellor, barrister, or advocate > apprentice
prenticea1325
apprenticec1375
pupil1832
pupil barrister1968
a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) xxvii. 87 So ase hit contenez in oure statut, þat non of oure curt ne nime plait to champart, ne þoru art ne þoru engin, countours, ne attornes, ne prentis, ne heie mennes stiwardes, ne bailifs, ne oþere of þe londe ne nimen no champart.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xix. 226 Prechoures and prestes and prentyce of lawe.
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 217 Glendor..was first a prentise of cort.
c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) iii. 350 For selde were þe ser[gi]auntis souȝte for to plete, Or ony prentise of courte preied of his wittis.
1484 in J. S. Davies Hist. Southampton (1883) 474 There was ayenst us ij sergeauntez and iiij prentez.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 258/1 Prentyce in lawe a lerned man: they [French] use no suche order.
2.
a. A person who learns a trade, craft, art, or profession from an employer; = apprentice n. 1. to send or put to prentice: to legally bind (a person) as an apprentice.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > apprentice or learner
apprentice1362
prenticec1390
craftschild1561
improver1845
trainee1927
YOP1978
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. v. 116 I Seruede Simme atte noke, And was his pliht prentys his profyt to loke.
c1390 G. Chaucer Cook's Tale 4365 A prentis whilom dwelled in oure citee, And of a craft of vitaillers was he.
1454 in J. T. Gilbert Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 280 Irysh jornaymen, Iryshe prentesys.
c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 231 (MED) For yche man will be a maistre of the crafte wherof we haue as yit right fewe of good prentices.
a1500 (a1471) G. Ashby Active Policy Prince 28 in Poems (1899) 14 (MED) As I can, I shall now lerne and practise, Not as a master but as a pentise [read prentise].
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxiv Then all the young men resisted the Alderman..and cryed prentyses and clubbes.
1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 30 Thys yere was yell May day, that yong men and prentes of London rose in the nyght.
1594 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 ii. iii. 75 Be merry Peter, And feare not thy maister, fight for credit of the Prentises.
1611 Glasgow Burgh Rec. (1876) I. 318 That na printeis heireftir salbe admittit burges except his maister compeir with him.
1640 W. Laud Diary 9 May in Hist. Troubles (1695) 57 A Paper posted upon the Old-Exchange, animating Prentices to Sack my House.
1652 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1881) II. 217 To setle with some honest knyfmaker to be brocht to the towne and to prese his fredome for taking of twa boyes prenteise frie.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 107. ⁋7 Sir Roger..sent his Coachman's Grandson to Prentice.
1768 J. Cremer Jrnl. 27 Jan. in R. R. Bellamy Ramblin' Jack (1936) 69 I..was well approved of by the foreman and Eldest Prentices, being willing to learne.
1787 P. Freneau Journey from Philadelphia 9 A youngster was order'd to hold himself ready, A sly looking lad that was 'prentice to Snip.
1820 J. Clare Let. 26 Sept. (1985) 97 He stard me very hard & asked the prentice if it was not Clare.
1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art i. 32 Stupid tailors' 'prentices who are always stitching the sleeves in the wrong way upwards.
1886 T. Hardy Mayor of Casterbridge I. xiii. 156 'Tis said 'a was a poor parish 'prentice.
1901 N. Munro Doom Castle p.iii He will amuse you with his conceits of soldiering ancient and modern, a trade he thinks the more of because Heaven made him so unfit to become prentice to it.
1962 M. C. Bradbrook Rise of Common Player i. iv. 103 The City of London's fear of tumults is at first directed towards controlling prentices, rather than the criminal element in the audience.
1997 Evening Standard (Nexis) 17 Mar. 48 The costumes are colourful Holbein-era with a rash of cheeky codpieces among the prentices, including girls in drag.
b. A learner, a disciple. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > [noun]
learnerc900
lore-childa1300
prenticea1400
practitioner1577
catechumen1717
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 12233 (MED) Als printiz [a1400 Gött. prentiz] wend i him haf ouer-cummen, Bot in his resuns am i numen.
c1475 Advice to Lovers in J. O. Halliwell Select. Minor Poems J. Lydgate (1840) 28 (MED) To shorte my lif and make bonde that was free, Become prentise and newe to go to scole—Why shulde I so than, were I but a fole?
c1480 (a1400) St. Paul 248 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 36 A woman þat..to petir printeis had bene.
a1540 (c1460) G. Hay tr. Bk. King Alexander (1974) 1590 Thow servis thank, thow art rycht gude pre [n] tis.
1604 A. Craig Poet. Ess. Ep. Ded. sig. A2v A blushing and onmanumitted prentice in poesie.
3. figurative. = apprentice n. 3. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > novice or beginner
younglingOE
new-comeOE
novice1340
ginner?c1400
beginner1470
apprentice1489
prentice1489
infant1526
freshmana1557
intrant1560
enterer1565
puny?1570
weakling1575
new comeling1587
novist1587
incipient1589
puisne1592
abecedary1596
neophyte1600
abecedarian1603
bachelor1604
novelist?1608
alphabetary1611
breeching boy1611
tiro1611
alphabetarian1614
principiant1619
unexperienced1622
velvet head1631
undergraduatea1659
young stager1664
greenhorn1672
battledore boy1693
youngster1706
tironist1716
novitiatea1734
recruit1749
griffin1793
initiate1811
Johnny Newcome1815
Johnny Raw1823
griff1829
plebe1833
Johnny-come-lately1839
new chum1851
blanc-bec1853
fledgling1856
rookie1868
elementarian1876
tenderfoot1881
shorthorn1888
new kid1894
cheechako1897
ring-neck1898
Johnny1901
rook1902
fresh meat1908
malihini1914
initiand1915
stooge1930
intakea1943
cub1966
1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xvi. 47 He shal not be noo prentiz..in puttyng his oost in fayre ordenance.
1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Gal. ii. f. viii Assone as..I became prentice to the spiritual lawe of fayth.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Astrophel & Stella lxx Sonets be not bound prentise to annoy.

Compounds

General attributive and appositive, as prentice boy, prentice lad, prentice years, etc.; often implying inexperience as of a novice or beginner, as prentice hand, prentice piece, prentice work, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [adjective] > inexperienced
youngOE
unfraisted?a1400
rudec1489
raw1534
unfleshed1542
untraded1542
fresh water?1548
unpractised1551
unexperienced1569
unacquainted1581
prenticea1586
fresh-watered1590
unsifted1604
unseen1606
unexperient1609
inexperienced1626
low water1643
inexperient1670
unproficient1794
nyoung1852
punk1907
raggedy-ass1930
a1586 Complaint anent Meiris in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS. (1919) I. clxxviii. 438 The prentes boyis ar nocht rewairdit.
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 377 My Prentize eare doth oft re-verberate.
1633 P. Fletcher Piscatorie Eclogs ii. xi. 9 in Purple Island When Thelgon here had spent his prentise-yeares.
1666 S. Pepys Diary 3 Sept. (1972) VII. 273 Saying that she was not a prentice girl, to ask leave every time she goes abroad.
1704 in H. Paton Rothesay Parish Rec. (1931) 182 [Unable to] pay off the last moyetie of his prentice fee.
1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. v. 56 There's no body to serve, but a prentice-boy or two.
1787 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 60 Her prentice han' she try'd on man, An' then she made the lasses, O.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House i. 1 Fog cruelly pinching the toes and fingers of his shivering little 'prentice boy on deck.
1881 ‘M. Twain’ Prince & Pauper xxii. 269 His frantic and lubberly 'prentice-work found but a poor market for itself.
1889 J. T. Morse Benjamin Franklin i. 5 This 'prentice lad of seventeen years had already made himself ‘a little obnoxious to the governing party’.
1907 ‘M. Twain’ Christian Sci. ii. iii. 127 They seem to me to prove the presence of the 'prentice hand.
1923 W. Archer Old Drama & New vii. 185 But Love in a Wood, it may be said, was Wycherley's 'prentice piece, and..was written when he was only nineteen.
1963 Times 7 May 8/7 How fine it would be to hear Sir John Gielgud on a stage where Edmund Kean was a prentice player.
1997 Scotsman (Nexis) 11 June 32 He turned naturally to another Welshman, the safe pair of hands who made sure the 'prentice lad did not waste his journeyman years with Glamorgan.
2004 Irish Times (Nexis) 9 Oct. 13 The first [phase]..will be seen, inevitably, as 'prentice work, and the last..as decline.

Derivatives

ˈprentice-like adv. now rare.
ΚΠ
1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. E3v Did neuer vnlouing seruant so prentiselike obey his neuer pleased mistres.
1893 K. L. Bates Eng. Relig. Drama ii. 50 In this same abrupt, prentice-like measure the Deity continues with assurances of His eternity, omniscience and omnipotence.
1916 C. F. Adams Autobiogr. v. 182 Though a somewhat crude and 'prentice-like piece of historical work, the address itself brought me a certain degree of notice as well as credit.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

prenticev.

Brit. /ˈprɛntɪs/, U.S. /ˈprɛn(t)əs/
Forms: see prentice n.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: prentice n.
Etymology: < prentice n.
Now chiefly archaic and regional.
transitive. To make (a person) an apprentice to an employer, trade, etc.; to bind to or enter (a person) into an apprenticeship; = apprentice v. Frequently in passive. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > working > career > have career [verb (transitive)] > put out as apprentice > bind as apprentice
bindc1500
prentice1598
apprentice1631
1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie ii. ix. sig. G8 But when to seruile imitatorship Some spruce Athenian pen is prentized, Tis worse then Apish.
1608 J. Day Law-trickes sig. C1 Thou wouldst not prentise thy affections, Nor tie thy fortunes to a strangers loue.
1716 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1901) V. 278 His Father was a Bookseller in Oxford, prenticed to old Hen. Davies.
1754 S. Fielding Cry I. 146 Finding his thorough incapacity for such an education, he took him from school, prenticed him to a carpenter, and the boy now grown up was become a sweet-heart to Betty his fellow-traveller, and his master's maid.
1790 Abd. Jrnl. Notes & Queries 3 283 Robert Garvock, son of Jas. Garvock,..prenticed..to Alexander Ferguson.
1838 Times 17 Aug. 3/2 I worked my way fairly till I was 'prenticed as a midshipman.
1896 A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad xlvii. 71 'Prenticed to my father's trade.
1899 S. MacManus In Chimney Corners 210 What thrade will I 'prentice him to?
1919 C. Evans My Neighbours 153 How if I prentice Joseph to a shop draper. Has he any odds?
1984 in C. Kightly Country Voices vi. 160 My own brother was 'prenticed to a wheelwright, he learnt the trade of wheelwright.
2003 Southern Rev. 39 549 At last I got prenticed out to Even Whitlaw, the pest killer, who..needed a spry helper.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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