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单词 presage
释义

presagen.

Brit. /ˈprɛsɪdʒ/, U.S. /priˈseɪdʒ/, /ˈprɛsᵻdʒ/
Forms: Middle English– presage, 1500s–1600s praesage; Scottish pre-1700 presaidge, pre-1700 presaige, pre-1700 1700s– presage.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French presage; Latin praesāgium.
Etymology: < Middle French presage (French présage ) indication or foreshadowing of a future event (1378 or earlier), conjecture about a future event made on the basis of such an omen (1512) and its etymon classical Latin praesāgium sense of foreboding, forewarning, portent < praesāgīre to have a foreboding of, to forebode, portend < prae- pre- prefix + sāgīre to perceive keenly or acutely (see sagacious adj.); compare praesāgus having a foreboding, portending, ominous. Compare Spanish presagio (late 14th cent. or earlier), Portuguese presságio (late 16th cent. as †presagio; also preságio), Italian presagio (1374). N.E.D. (1908) also gives as a British pronunciation (prī·sĕdʒ) /ˈpriːsədʒ/, recorded in a number of 19th-cent. British dictionaries, and as a former pronunciation (prĭsēi·dʒ) /prɪˈseɪdʒ/, which appears to be otherwise recorded in 19th-cent. dictionaries only for the verb.
1.
a. Something that gives warning of what is about to happen; an indication or foreshadowing of a future event; an omen, a sign, a portent.
ΚΠ
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. 1790 (MED) He..seide how that was a presage..Of that fortune him scholde adverse.
a1500 in J. Evans & M. S. Serjeantson Eng. Mediaeval Lapidaries (1933) 58 (MED) Thys..stoune..grovyth yn the mowthe of a snaylle..Philosopherys sayn that a tellyt the presagys that ben to cume.
1562 W. Bullein Bulwarke of Defence 22v If they doe dreame of Fyre, to take it for no euill presage of strife &c. But rather that fyre doth signify [etc.].
1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 1114 A very euil signe and presage for him, to enter into Rome with such bloudshed.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. iv. 158 They will..call them Meteors, prodigies, and signes, Abbortiues, presages, and tongues of heauen. View more context for this quotation
1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. iii. 180 Do not the Hist'ries of all Ages Relate miraculous presages, Of strange turns, in the World's affairs?
1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ 262 The coming of the Swallow, is a true presage of the Spring.
1704 W. Shippen Faction Display'd 20 When Health and Vigour with a kind presage, Promis'd the hoary happiness of Age.
1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. ii. 188 [He] drew A sure presage from ev'ry wing that flew.
1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 312 The dread of Mariners who draw a certain presage of a Storm from their appearance.
1806 E. Bath Poems 15 Of future sorrows the too sure presage.
1866 J. H. Newman Dream of Gerontius iii. 25 A presage falls upon thee, as a ray Straight from the Judge, expressive of thy lot.
1951 J. Hawkes Land i. 13 A beautiful world to our eyes, but cold and lifeless; without water or atmosphere she is a presage of what Earth might become.
1989 N. Sherry Life Graham Greene I. xxxiv. 527 This last night was to be a grim presage of the future.
2005 Independent (Nexis) 20 Sept. 59 Her death last year greatly affected him, for he saw in it a presage of his own demise.
b. As a mass noun: prophetic significance; indication of something (esp. misfortune) that is to happen. Chiefly with modifying adjective indicating the unwelcome character of what is presaged. Cf. omen n. 2.
ΚΠ
1621 B. Jonson Masque of Augures sig. B3 The signes are lucky all, and right, There hath not bin a voyce, or flight Of ill presage.
1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1387 If there be aught of presage in the mind, This day will be remarkable in my life By some great act, or of my days the last. View more context for this quotation
1692 J. Evelyn Let. 15 Oct. in Diary & Corr. (1852) III. 329 I look on them [sc. earthquakes] as portentous and of evil presage, and to show us that there is no stability under heaven..but in Him alone.
1710 W. Congreve Semele i. i, in Wks. II. 798 This dreadful Conflict is of dire Presage.
1779 H. Cowley Albina ii. ii. 21 That rapt'rous thought is presage sure of vict'ry.
1797 E. Burke Lett. Peace Regic. France iii, in Wks. (1815) VIII. 395 These birds of evil presage, at all times, have grated our ears with their melancholy song.
1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust I. i. 37 Filled with mystic presage, chimed the church-bell slowly.
1961 R. Atkins Phenomena 20 There is a summation of quiet music of grim presage.
1993 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 15 Mar. 1 The 17th-century clergyman Dr John Wilkins, who, with grim presage for the future of Heathrow, was one of the first to write about life on the ‘moone’ and of the means of flying to it.
2. A prediction, a prophecy, a prognostication. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > [noun] > a prediction or prophecy
prenostica1393
spaea1400
prognostication?a1425
prenostication?a1450
forespeaking1480
prenosticature1490
soothsaying1535
foredestiny?1549
foresaw1555
presage1560
abodement1565
prenotion1588
predict1609
prophetical1615
prognosis1649
conjectation1652
prognosticate1652
propheticism1684
prognostic1701
oracle1713
precantation1838
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > [noun]
foretokenc888
tokeningc888
beaconc950
token971
handsela1200
boding1297
wonder1297
bodec1374
signa1387
foreboding1387
prenostica1393
prognosticc1425
prophetc1430
prognostication?a1439
ostentationa1450
prenostication?a1450
prodigy?a1450
augurationc1450
preparative1460
prenosticate?a1475
prenosticative?a1475
prodige1482
prenosticature1490
tokener1513
weird1513
show token1535
luck1538
prognosticate1541
preamble1548
proffer1548
presagition?c1550
foreshower1555
presage1560
portent1562
ostent1570
presagie1581
omen1582
presagement1586
luck sign1587
augury1588
prognosticon1588
forerunner1589
presager1591
halfner1594
spae1596
abode1598
oss1600
assign1601
augur1603
bodement1613
predictiona1616
prognosticala1618
bespeaker1624
portender1635
pre-indicant1659
foreshadow1834
boder1846
prognosticant1880
sky sign1880
1560 W. Painter tr. W. Fulke Antiprognosticon sig. A.vii Who doth not see clerer then the sonne at noone days, that not the fourth part of those presages [L. presagiorum] or fortellyngs come to passe, as they before haue pronounced them?
1595 G. Markham Most Honorable Trag. Sir R. Grinuile sig. F6v Misfortune hearing this presage of life.
1605 R. Verstegan Restit. Decayed Intelligence iii. 67 Presages or fore-tellings of their good or euil fortune.
a1680 J. Glanvill Saducismus Triumphatus (1681) i. 119 An ingenious presage, but not true.
1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 120 He might reasonably have expected as ill a presage for himself from those Fortune-tellers.
1764 Char. in Ann. Reg. 30/2 He set himself about erecting the following genethliacal type in order to a presage of Thomas's future fortune.
1871 D. G. Rossetti Dante at Verona vi Shall not his birth's baptismal Town One last high presage yet fulfil?
3. A presentiment, a foreboding; a prophetic or anticipatory perception of the future. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > premonition, presentiment > [noun] > instance of
boding1297
pricking of (also in) one's thumbsa1398
sense1549
presagition?c1550
forefeeling1551
aboding1579
bode1587
foresignification1592
presage1597
prevention1601
bodement1642
presentiment1663
forebodea1680
forebodement1755
omening1796
bodeword1832
forefeel1839
hunch1904
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. ii. 142 Farewell if hearts presages be not vaine, We three here part that nere shall meete againe. View more context for this quotation
1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 9 The presage or forefeeling of immortalitie, implanted in all men naturally.
1667 K. Philips tr. P. Corneille Horace iii. iii, in Poems ii. 97 Thevent will shew us whose presage is true.
1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. iii. 45 The natural Presages of Conscience.
1798 M. Holford Gresford Vale 41 Hint to the startled mind a presage of its doom.
1812 J. Hodgson in J. Raine Mem. J. Hodgson (1857) I. 115 He had a strong presage upon his mind that he had only a very short time to live.
1852 Ld. Cockburn Life Jeffrey I. 61 I have very often deep presages that the law will not hold me.
1898 Argosy Aug. 165 Full of a cheerful presage of having him at last encompassed in my toils, I strode along.
1911 ‘M. Field’ Dian iii. i, in Trag. Pardon 224 Our King will die to morrow in the lists..you have felt the presage!
2000 R. Gibbs Why Ethics? ii. viii. 184 In an uncanny presage of Heidegger's ‘language speaks,’ Rosenzweig focuses on the way that a word opens up to new interpretation, is directed toward others.

Compounds

presage woman n. [after Middle French Præsage femme (1546 in the passage translated in quot. 1693)] Obsolete rare a female fortune-teller.
ΚΠ
1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xvi. 135 The customary style of my Language alloweth them the Denomination of Presage Women [Fr. Ma coustume et mon style est les nommer Præsages femmes].
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

presagev.

Brit. /ˈprɛsɪdʒ/, U.S. /priˈseɪdʒ/, /ˈprɛsᵻdʒ/
Forms: 1500s–1600s praesage, 1500s– presage; Scottish pre-1700 presaige, pre-1700 1700s– presage.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion; probably modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: presage n.
Etymology: < presage n., probably after Middle French presager, French présager to foretell, predict (the future) (1569), Middle French, French †presagier to make a prediction or forecast (1539), to be a supernatural sign of (a future event) (1539), †presagir to foretell, predict (the future) (a1589) or classical Latin praesāgīre (see presage n.). Compare also Spanish presagiar (first half of the 15th cent. or earlier), Italian presagire to have a presentiment of (a future event) (1547). N.E.D. (1908) gives the pronunciation as (prĭsēi·dʒ) /prɪˈseɪdʒ/. This pronunciation was normal until the early 20th cent.
1.
a. transitive. To constitute a supernatural sign of (a future event); to be an omen of, to portend.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > an omen, sign, portent > portend, betoken [verb (transitive)]
betokenc1275
bode1387
prognostica1400
pretend1402
prognosticate?a1425
ossc1450
importc1487
prognostify1495
protendc1554
presage1562
abode1573
boden1573
denounce1581
importune1590
prejudicate1595
foretoken1598
ominate1598
auspicate1604
divine1607
foredeem1612
warranta1616
augur1630
preaugurate1635
prewarna1637
prenote1641
preominate1646
forespeak1667
omen1697
betidea1799
bespeak1851
1562 W. Bullein Bk. Use Sicke Men f. livv, in Bulwarke of Defence Thei dooe presage, deuine, or shewe before, what thynges doe folowe.
c1595 Capt. Wyatt in G. F. Warner Voy. R. Dudley to W. Indies (1899) 56 If but one fyre is sene, it presageth a most cruell, daingerous and tempestuous storme.
1628 tr. P. Matthieu Powerfull Favorite 120 He consulted with his Auspicy to know what it presaged.
1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 309 This, said the Soothsaying Sacrificulists, presaged victory to the Bœotians.
a1682 Sir T. Browne Let. to Friend (1690) 7 Hippocrates wisely considered Dreams as they presaged Alterations in the Body.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 1. ¶2 I am not so vain as to think it [sc. a dream] presaged any Dignity that I should arrive at.
1800 J. Joyce Astron. in Sci. Dialogues II. xv. 167 Have not eclipses been esteemed as omens presaging some direful calamity?
1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick cxxvi. 578 They regarded it..as the fulfilment of an evil already presaged.
1937 J. Marquand Thank you, Mr. Moto xvii. 124 To have the female element of creation, the Yin, connected with affairs, frequently presages bitterness and misfortune.
1991 J. Ashbery Flow Chart vi. 197 Empty slots in the zodiac presage no good.
b. transitive. To be indicative or suggestive of; to be a natural precursor of, to give warning of.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prefiguration > prefigure [verb (transitive)]
forecomea1300
to say beforec1384
signifyc1384
pretendc1425
prefigurec1429
preostendc1429
prefigurate1530
prefigurate1530
adumbrate1537
promise1556
premonstrate1562
foresignify1565
presignify1570
shadow1574
foreshadow1577
presage1583
fore-run1590
presign1590
fore-read1591
figure1595
type forth, out1596
fore-point1601
foreshow1601
prophesy1608
foretella1616
foretypea1618
forebode1656
harbingera1657
pretypify1658
pretype1659
forespeak1667
to figure out1721
forecast1883
favour1887
precourse1888
precursea1892
1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. Dij If ye holines by there attire presaged be in them selues, than is it not in the garments.
1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. B3v Whose habit rude, and manners blunt and playne, Presageth nought. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. i. 191 This iarring discord of Nobilitie,..doth presage some ill euent. View more context for this quotation
1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ ii. li. 326 If the Feaver continue to the third Crisis, it presages Bleeding at Nose.
1761 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy IV. xxvii. 169 An oration, which..presaged but a rough kind of handling of him.
a1771 T. Gray Ess. I in W. Mason Mem. Life & Writings (1775) 195 Th' event presages, and explores the cause.
1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) I. 150 The rising of the mercury presages, in general, fair weather.
1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust I. Notes 328 The confusion of Margaret's thoughts, presaging her later insanity.
1906 J. Galsworthy Man of Prop. 75 When she was left alone again, a frown, like a cloud presaging a rainy morrow, crossed her face.
1936 E. A. Falk Togo & Rise of Japanese Sea Power i. 10 The peekings through the front keyholes were highly significant in presaging the opening of the main door.
2005 Newsday (Nexis) 13 Oct. a40 The harrowing constitutional process that was rapidly turning into a debacle that could have presaged a civil war.
2.
a. transitive. To foretell; to predict, forecast.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > predict, foretell [verb (transitive)]
fore-sayc900
bodeOE
before-sayOE
before-tella1382
foretella1400
prognostica1400
tella1400
prenosticate?a1475
prenostic1477
prognosticatec1487
forespeak1489
prognostify1495
foreshow1561
prenunce1563
presage1569
boden1573
forewarn1582
predict1590
forehalsen1594
foresignify1597
prognosticon1602
predivine1607
forespell1611
predicate1623
prenuntiate1623
preadmonish1644
forebode1664
prediction1665
prenotea1711
bespeak1721
pre-announce1793
prophesize1848
to call for ——1895
pick1909
1569 T. Stocker tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. Successors Alexander ii. xxiii. 74 Alexander..of whome they presaged that if he entred Babylon, he shoulde there lose his life.
a1592 R. Greene Hist. Orlando Furioso (1594) sig. Bivv Seest not thou all men presage I shall be King.
a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 174 Like Prophecy, that can presage Successes of the latest Age.
1770 O. Goldsmith Deserted Village 209 Lands he could measure, terms and tides presage.
1865 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire (new ed.) VIII. lxiv. 95 (note) The author presaged from this vision that he should write no more than the emperor had read.
1984 V. Brome Freud & his Disciples vii. 87 He wrote a letter to Freud which presaged coming events with alarming clarity.
2001 Industr. Distribution (Nexis) 1 July 42 At the close of the last century..some forecasters presaged the end of small distributors.
b. intransitive. To make a prediction or forecast; to foretell the future. Now rare. Perhaps Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > utter predictions [verb (intransitive)]
prognosticate?a1475
prognostic1481
prophetizea1500
tell?1518
prophesy1563
presage1592
predict1652
prophesize1816
1592 P. F. tr. Hist. Dr. Faustus 23 Which learned him to presage of matters to come.
1665 J. Spencer Disc. Vulgar Prophecies 5 Men..are apt to believe as they affect, and then to presage as they believe.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 63 By certain Signs we may presage Of Heats and Rains, and Wind's impetuous rage. View more context for this quotation
1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxviii. 87 Which not long should abide, so presag'd surely the Parcae.
1876 J. B. Mozley Serm. preached Univ. of Oxf. iv. 83 Prophecy would fain presage auspiciously.
3. transitive. To point out, make known. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. x. sig. K5v Then seek this path, that I to thee presage, Which after all to heauen shall thee send.
4.
a. transitive. To have a presentiment or foreboding of (a future event, esp. a misfortune). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > premonition, presentiment > have a presentiment of [verb (transitive)]
forefeela1586
presage1594
bode1740
foreshadow1865
1594 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 sig. C4v My minde presageth I shall liue To see the noble Duke of Yorke to be a King.
1598 R. Tofte Alba iii. sig. G5 My misgiuing minde presaging to me Ill.
1630 R. Norton tr. W. Camden Hist. Princesse Elizabeth ii. 7 William Herbert Earle of Penbrooke,..presaging some disaster to himself, departed this life in his Climaterial yeare.
1724 A. Z. in J. Henley et al. tr. Pliny the Younger Epist. & Panegyrick I. ii. x. 73 You would then taste the Satisfaction, which I have long and confidently presaged for you.
1797 A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl VII. iii. 129 God forgive me if I don't presage some mischief to poor Miss Rosy.
1805 B. Finch Sonnets, & Other Poems 104 Sometimes my imagination presaged the worst of all that could befal me.
1879 A. W. Tourgée Fool's Errand xxv. 154 That great experiment, from the preliminaries of which he was only able to presage danger and disaster.
b. intransitive. To have a presentiment or foreboding. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > premonition, presentiment > feel foreboding [verb (intransitive)]
presage1586
fore-give1600
1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. i. vi. 19 Where like as did his minde presage, he found it very so.
1670 G. Havers tr. G. Leti Il Cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa ii. iii. 181 It succeeded as they presag'd.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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